Genetic Testimony

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Genetic Witness

Author : Jay Aronson
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813543835
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Witness by : Jay Aronson

Download or read book Genetic Witness written by Jay Aronson and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2007-10-11 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When DNA profiling was first introduced into the American legal system in 1987, it was heralded as a technology that would revolutionize law enforcement. As an investigative tool, it has lived up to much of this hype—it is regularly used to track down unknown criminals, put murderers and rapists behind bars, and exonerate the innocent. Yet, this promise took ten turbulent years to be fulfilled. In Genetic Witness, Jay D. Aronson uncovers the dramatic early history of DNA profiling that has been obscured by the technique’s recent success. He demonstrates that robust quality control and quality assurance measures were initially nonexistent, interpretation of test results was based more on assumption than empirical evidence, and the technique was susceptible to error at every stage. Most of these issues came to light only through defense challenges to what prosecutors claimed to be an infallible technology. Although this process was fraught with controversy, inefficiency, and personal antagonism, the quality of DNA evidence improved dramatically as a result. Aronson argues, however, that the dream of a perfect identification technology remains unrealized.

Genetic Testimony

Author : Charlotte Spencer
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Testimony by : Charlotte Spencer

Download or read book Genetic Testimony written by Charlotte Spencer and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2004 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For undergraduate courses in introductory-level Human Genetics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology courses. Also appropriate as a resource for law schools, legal clinics, and law enforcement offices. Part of the "Prentice Hall Exploring Biology Series", DNA Forensics explores the subject of modern DNA profiling in straightforward language, requiring and is aimed at students with little background in science or biotechnology. It raises controversial questions about the uses and potential misuses of DNA forensics; and illustrates issues by presenting recent criminal cases involving DNA profiling. A valuable resource for undergraduate science students, it introduces basic concepts of genetics and biotechnology in the context of one of the most important developments in modern criminal investigation.

The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309121949
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-01-12 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.

Truth Machine

Author : Michael Lynch
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226498085
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Truth Machine by : Michael Lynch

Download or read book Truth Machine written by Michael Lynch and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA profiling—commonly known as DNA fingerprinting—is often heralded as unassailable criminal evidence, a veritable “truth machine” that can overturn convictions based on eyewitness testimony, confessions, and other forms of forensic evidence. But DNA evidence is far from infallible. Truth Machine traces the controversial history of DNA fingerprinting by looking at court cases in the United States and United Kingdom beginning in the mid-1980s, when the practice was invented, and continuing until the present. Ultimately, Truth Machine presents compelling evidence of the obstacles and opportunities at the intersection of science, technology, sociology, and law.

Genetic Witness

Author : United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Witness by : United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment

Download or read book Genetic Witness written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Adam and the Genome

Author : Scot McKnight
Publisher : Brazos Press
ISBN 13 : 1493406744
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (934 download)

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Book Synopsis Adam and the Genome by : Scot McKnight

Download or read book Adam and the Genome written by Scot McKnight and published by Brazos Press. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic science indicates that humans descend not from an individual pair but from a large population. What does this mean for the basic claim of many Christians: that humans descend from Adam and Eve? Leading evangelical geneticist Dennis Venema and popular New Testament scholar Scot McKnight combine their expertise to offer informed guidance and answers to questions pertaining to evolution, genomic science, and the historical Adam. Some of the questions they explore include: - Is there credible evidence for evolution? - Do we descend from a population or are we the offspring of Adam and Eve? - Does taking the Bible seriously mean rejecting recent genomic science? - How do Genesis's creation stories reflect their ancient Near Eastern context, and how did Judaism understand the Adam and Eve of Genesis? - Doesn't Paul's use of Adam in the New Testament prove that Adam was a historical individual? The authors address up-to-date genomics data with expert commentary from both genetic and theological perspectives, showing that genome research and Scripture are not irreconcilable. Foreword by Tremper Longman III and afterword by Daniel Harrell.

Genetic Witness

Author : United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Witness by : United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment

Download or read book Genetic Witness written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

DNA Technology in Forensic Science

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309045878
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis DNA Technology in Forensic Science by : National Research Council

Download or read book DNA Technology in Forensic Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addresses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence-provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.

Genetic witness : forensic uses of DNA tests

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428921893
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic witness : forensic uses of DNA tests by :

Download or read book Genetic witness : forensic uses of DNA tests written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1990 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Assessing Genetic Risks

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309047986
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessing Genetic Risks by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Assessing Genetic Risks written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raising hopes for disease treatment and prevention, but also the specter of discrimination and "designer genes," genetic testing is potentially one of the most socially explosive developments of our time. This book presents a current assessment of this rapidly evolving field, offering principles for actions and research and recommendations on key issues in genetic testing and screening. Advantages of early genetic knowledge are balanced with issues associated with such knowledge: availability of treatment, privacy and discrimination, personal decision-making, public health objectives, cost, and more. Among the important issues covered: Quality control in genetic testing. Appropriate roles for public agencies, private health practitioners, and laboratories. Value-neutral education and counseling for persons considering testing. Use of test results in insurance, employment, and other settings.

Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests: Misleading Test Results are Further Complicated by Deceptive Marketing and Other Questionable Practices

Download Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests: Misleading Test Results are Further Complicated by Deceptive Marketing and Other Questionable Practices PDF Online Free

Author : Gregory Kutz
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 143793658X
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests: Misleading Test Results are Further Complicated by Deceptive Marketing and Other Questionable Practices by : Gregory Kutz

Download or read book Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests: Misleading Test Results are Further Complicated by Deceptive Marketing and Other Questionable Practices written by Gregory Kutz and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2006, the auditor investigated companies selling direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests and testified that these companies made medically unproven disease predictions. Experts are concerned that the test results mislead consumers. The auditor was asked to investigate DTC genetic tests currently on the market and the advertising methods used to sell these tests. Kutz purchased 10 tests each from four companies, for $299 to $999 per test. He then selected five donors and sent two DNA samples from each donor to each co.: one using factual info. about the donor and one using fictitious info., such as incorrect age and race or ethnicity. The fictitious consumers received test results that are misleading and of little or no practical use. Illus.

Weight-of-Evidence for Forensic DNA Profiles

Author : David J. Balding
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118814533
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Weight-of-Evidence for Forensic DNA Profiles by : David J. Balding

Download or read book Weight-of-Evidence for Forensic DNA Profiles written by David J. Balding and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-11 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA evidence is widely used in the modern justice system. Statistical methodology plays a key role in ensuring that this evidence is collected, interpreted, analysed and presented correctly. This book is a guide to assessing DNA evidence and presenting that evidence in a courtroom setting. It offers practical guidance to forensic scientists with little dependence on mathematical ability, and provides the scientist with the understanding they require to apply the methods in their work. Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 2005 there have been many incremental changes, and one dramatic change which is the emergence of low template DNA (LTDNA) profiles. This second edition is edited and expanded to cover the basics of LTDNA technology. The author's own open-source R code likeLTD is described and used for worked examples in the book. Commercial and free software are also covered.

DNA Technology in Forensic Science

Author : Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309045872
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (458 download)

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Book Synopsis DNA Technology in Forensic Science by : Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science

Download or read book DNA Technology in Forensic Science written by Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-15 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addreses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update--The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence--provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.

Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing

Author : John M. Butler
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080961762
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing by : John M. Butler

Download or read book Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing written by John M. Butler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-09-30 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing is written with a broad viewpoint. It examines the methods of current forensic DNA typing, focusing on short tandem repeats (STRs). It encompasses current forensic DNA analysis methods, as well as biology, technology and genetic interpretation. This book reviews the methods of forensic DNA testing used in the first two decades since early 1980’s, and it offers perspectives on future trends in this field, including new genetic markers and new technologies. Furthermore, it explains the process of DNA testing from collection of samples through DNA extraction, DNA quantitation, DNA amplification, and statistical interpretation. The book also discusses DNA databases, which play an important role in law enforcement investigations. In addition, there is a discussion about ethical concerns in retaining DNA profiles and the issues involved when people use a database to search for close relatives. Students of forensic DNA analysis, forensic scientists, and members of the law enforcement and legal professions who want to know more about STR typing will find this book invaluable. Includes a glossary with over 400 terms for quick reference of unfamiliar terms as well as an acronym guide to decipher the DNA dialect Continues in the style of Forensic DNA Typing, 2e, with high-profile cases addressed in D.N.A.Boxes-- "Data, Notes & Applications" sections throughout Ancillaries include: instructor manual Web site, with tailored set of 1000+ PowerPoint slides (including figures), links to online training websites and a test bank with key

Inside the Cell

Author : Erin E. Murphy
Publisher : Bold Type Books
ISBN 13 : 1568584695
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Inside the Cell by : Erin E. Murphy

Download or read book Inside the Cell written by Erin E. Murphy and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: a version less likely to play out on dramatic television shows. In Inside the Cell, Erin Murphy shows how DNA typing can be subject to misuse, mistake, and error, and lead to a police state run amok. Murphy shows the perils of a society in which "stop-and-frisk" becomes "stop-and-spit," or in which police pose undercover to get a DNA sample from your discarded lunch. Already, police can collect DNA when making an arrest, sometimes before charging a person with a crime. The government is building a massive DNA database, stockpiling samples from as much as a third of the male population, and the laws regulating what they can and cannot do with them are weak. Murphy shows how this invites the riskiest kind of genetic surveillance imaginable. Just because DNA testing is good science does not mean that it is foolproof. Faulty forensic science is the number two factor leading to wrongful conviction, and yet we have done little to improve the use of science in criminal justice.

Misleading DNA Evidence

Author : Peter Gill
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0124172202
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)

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Book Synopsis Misleading DNA Evidence by : Peter Gill

Download or read book Misleading DNA Evidence written by Peter Gill and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-18 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Misleading DNA Evidence: A Guide for Scientists, Judges, and Lawyers presents the reasons miscarriages of justice can occur when dealing with DNA, what the role of the forensic scientist is throughout the process, and how judges and lawyers can educate themselves about all of the possibilities to consider when dealing with cases that involve DNA evidence. DNA has become the gold standard by which a person can be placed at the scene of a crime, and the past decade has seen great advances in this powerful crime solving tool. But the statistics that analysts can attach to DNA evidence often vary, and in some cases the statistical weight assigned to that match, can vary enormously. The numbers provided to juries often overstate the evidence, and can result in a wrongful conviction. In addition to statistics, the way the evidence is collected, stored and analyzed can also result in a wrongful conviction due to contamination. This book reviews high-profile and somewhat contentious cases to illustrate these points, including the death of Meredith Kercher. It examines crucial topics such as characterization of errors and determination of error rates, reporting DNA profiles and the source and sub-source levels, and the essentials of statement writing. It is a concise, readable resource that will help not only scientists, but legal professionals with limited scientific backgrounds, to understand the intricacies of DNA use in the justice system. Ideal reference for scientists and for those without extensive scientific backgrounds Written by one of the pioneers in forensic DNA typing and interpretation of DNA profiling results Ideal format for travel, court environments, or wherever easy access to reference material is vital

Forensic DNA Applications

Author : Dragan Primorac
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466580224
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Forensic DNA Applications by : Dragan Primorac

Download or read book Forensic DNA Applications written by Dragan Primorac and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-01-29 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic DNA Applications: An Interdisciplinary Perspective was developed as an outgrowth of a conference held by the International Society of Applied Biological Sciences. The topic was human genome–based applications in forensic science, anthropology, and individualized medicine. Assembling the contributions of contributors from numerous regions around the world, this volume is designed as both a textbook for forensic molecular biology students and a reference for practitioners and those in the legal system. The book begins with the history and development of DNA typing and profiling for criminal and civil purposes. It discusses the statistical interpretation of results with case examples, mitochondrial DNA testing, Y single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and short tandem repeats (STRs), and X SNP and STR testing. It also explores low copy number DNA typing, mixtures, and quality assurance and control. The second section examines the collection and preservation of biological evidence under a variety of different circumstances and the identification of human remains—including in mass disaster settings. It discusses applications to bioterrorism investigations, animal DNA testing in criminal cases, pedigree questions and wildlife forensic problems, applications in forensic entomology, and forensic botany. The third section explores recent developments and new technologies, including the rigorous identification of tissue of origin, mtDNA profiling using immobilized probe strips, chips and next-generation sequencing, the use of SNPs to ascertain phenotypic characteristics, and the "molecular autopsy" that looks at aspects of toxicogenetics and pharmacogenetics. The book concludes with a discussion on law, ethics, and policy. It examines the use of DNA evidence in the criminal justice system in both the United States and Europe, ethical issues in forensic laboratory practices, familial searches, DNA databases, ancestry searches, physical phenotyping, and report writing. The contributors also examine DNA applications in immigration and human trafficking cases and international perspectives on DNA databases.