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General Equilibrium Implications Of International Product Market Competition For Jobs And Wages
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Book Synopsis General-Equilibrium Implications of International Product-Market Competition for Jobs and Wages by : Hian Teck Hoon
Download or read book General-Equilibrium Implications of International Product-Market Competition for Jobs and Wages written by Hian Teck Hoon and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper extends the insight that trade increases international product-market competition to show that in a world with an endogenous natural rate of unemployment, countries can benefit through a decline in the natural rate. When the number of firms in the integrated world market is greater than the number of firms in each economy in autarky, all trading nations in a world of identical factor proportions experience a decline in equilibrium unemployment. When factor proportions differ, equilibrium unemployment must fall in the labor-abundant country but may rise or decline in the capital-abundant country.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Product Market Competition on Employment and Wages by : Bruno Amable
Download or read book The Impact of Product Market Competition on Employment and Wages written by Bruno Amable and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis What is the Impact of Increased Business Competition? by : Sónia Félix
Download or read book What is the Impact of Increased Business Competition? written by Sónia Félix and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the macroeconomic effect and underlying firm-level transmission channels of a reduction in business entry costs. We provide novel evidence on the response of firms' entry, exit, and employment decisions. To do so, we use as a natural experiment a reform in Portugal that reduced entry time and costs. Using the staggered implementation of the policy across the Portuguese municipalities, we find that the reform increased local entry and employment by, respectively, 25% and 4.8% per year in its first four years of implementation. Moreover, around 60% of the increase in employment came from incumbent firms expanding their size, with most of the rise occurring among the most productive firms. Standard models of firm dynamics, which assume a constant elasticity of substitution, are inconsistent with the expansionary and heterogeneous response across incumbent firms. We show that in a model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups the most productive firms face a lower demand elasticity and expand their employment in response to increased entry.
Book Synopsis Imperfect Competition in Product Markets and Labor Markets, General Equilibrium and Unemployment by :
Download or read book Imperfect Competition in Product Markets and Labor Markets, General Equilibrium and Unemployment written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis it is analyzed if promoting product market competition can help to to fight unemployment in Europe. We have used a general equilibrium model in order to study how reducing mark-ups and increasing productivity in one sector affect aggregate unemployment for an exogenously given minimum real wage. The bottom-line was that product market reforms will help to reduce aggregate unemployment under most circumstances. Modeling a microfoundation of mark-ups, we have demonstrated that different learning abilities of firms with respect to general equilibrium effects lead to different levels of unemployment. If firms, competing a la Cournot, consider only partial equilibrium effects when choosing quantities, the observation of general equilibrium feedbacks will lead to repeated quantity adjustments until a steady state is reached. We have used the above model to show that the impacts of mergers of firms on employment are rather negative. We then have examined wage bargaining between employers and labor unions. We have demonstrated that if agents do hardly consider general equilibrium effects, low real wages and low unemployment results. With an intermediate view, when partial equilibrium effects are taken into account, high real wages and unemployment results. If all general equilibrium effects are incorporated at once, again low real wages and low unemployment results. We thus have obtained a hump-shaped relationship between the extend of feedback effects incorporated by the bargaining parties and real wages or unemployment. Finally the impacts of uneven productivity improvements on employment were shown to generally remain positive when wages are set endogenously by wage bargaining.
Book Synopsis International Trade with Equilibrium Unemployment by : Carl Davidson
Download or read book International Trade with Equilibrium Unemployment written by Carl Davidson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While most standard economic models of international trade assume full employment, Carl Davidson and Steven Matusz have argued over the past two decades that this reliance on full-employment modeling is misleading and ill-equipped to tackle many important trade-related questions. This book brings together the authors' pioneering work in creating models that more accurately reflect the real-world connections between international trade and labor markets. The material collected here presents the theoretical and empirical foundations of equilibrium unemployment modeling, which the authors and their collaborators developed to give researchers and policymakers a more realistic picture of how international trade affects labor markets, and of how transnational differences in labor markets affect international trade. They address the shortcomings of standard models, describe the empirics that underlie equilibrium unemployment models, and illustrate how these new models can yield vital insights into the relationship between international trade and employment. This volume also includes an indispensable general introduction as well as concise section introductions that put the authors' work in context and reveal the thinking behind their ideas. Economists are only now realizing just how important these ideas are, making this book essential reading for researchers and students.
Book Synopsis Trade, Jobs and Wages by : Hian Teck Hoon
Download or read book Trade, Jobs and Wages written by Hian Teck Hoon and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's increasing integration through trade and the persistence of high unemployment in Europe, and other areas of the world, highlight the need to understand the implications of free trade for unemployment. Trade, Jobs and Wages analyses how employment levels and real wages are affected by international trade. Popular trade theory disregards the impact of free trade on the rate of unemployment, since it assumes full employment at the outset. By focusing on the determinants of the natural rate of unemployment, Professor Hoon places an emphasis on real, as opposed to monetary, factors in accounting for long term trends in wages and unemployment.
Book Synopsis Job Creation, Job Destruction, and International Competition by : Michael W. Klein
Download or read book Job Creation, Job Destruction, and International Competition written by Michael W. Klein and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2003 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looks into the costs and benefits of labour-market reallocation of US manufacturing industries. Includes a review of the literature on implications of gross flows for the costs of labour adjustment to international factors. Concludes that gross job flows may influence gross worker flows, and therefore, human capital investment, wages and worker welfare.
Book Synopsis Product Market Competition, Wages and Productivity by : David G. Blanchflower
Download or read book Product Market Competition, Wages and Productivity written by David G. Blanchflower and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased product market competition should affect outcomes in labour and product markets, and one of the key premises of standard economic theory is that, all other things held constant, prices should be lower and efficiency enhanced by more competition. In this paper we directly test this notion by considering the relationship between product market competition and establishment-level wages and economic performance. We use two microeconomic data sources from Britain and Australia to consider this relationship. Our results find only a limited role for market competition to impact on wages and productivity. In British workplaces, labour productivity is not raised by more competition, whilst in Australia we can only find evidence of the conventionally expected positive impact in manufacturing workplaces. With respect to wages, the results are more consistent with the competition hypothesis, though effects are not that strong, with significant effects only being found for some of the skill groups within our samples of establishments. Hence, there is only very limited support for the key hypothesis of interest that we consider.
Book Synopsis The Impact of International Trade on Wages by : Robert C. Feenstra
Download or read book The Impact of International Trade on Wages written by Robert C. Feenstra and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1980s, the U.S. economy has experienced a growing wage differential: high-skilled workers have claimed an increasing share of available income, while low-skilled workers have seen an absolute decline in real wages. How and why this disparity has arisen is a matter of ongoing debate among policymakers and economists. Two competing theories have emerged to explain this phenomenon, one focusing on international trade and labor market globalization as the driving force behind the devaluation of low-skill jobs, and the other focusing on the role of technological change as a catalyst for the escalation of high-skill wages. This collection brings together innovative new ideas and data sources in order to provide more satisfying alternatives to the trade versus technology debate and to assess directly the specific impact of international trade on U.S. wages. This timely volume offers a thorough appraisal of the wage distribution predicament, examining the continued effects of technology and globalization on the labor market.
Book Synopsis Product Market Competition, Wages and Productivity by : David Blanchflower
Download or read book Product Market Competition, Wages and Productivity written by David Blanchflower and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Trade and Labor Markets by : Carl Davidson
Download or read book International Trade and Labor Markets written by Carl Davidson and published by W. E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Employment and Wage Effects of Import Competition in the United States by : Gene M. Grossman
Download or read book The Employment and Wage Effects of Import Competition in the United States written by Gene M. Grossman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new methodology is developed to determine the extent to which import competition has been responsible for labor displacements and wage movements inspecific, allegedly trade-impacted sectors. The procedure involves the estimation of reduced-form wage and employment equations by sector. These equations are first derived from a more complete structural model of general equilibrium resource allocation.The proposed methodology is applied to nine manufacturing sectors in the United States. The sensitivity of employment to the domestic price of imports varies significantly across these nine sectors, whereas industry wages are relatively unaffected by movements in the price of the foreign good.Counterfactual simulations are performed under the hypothetical assumption of no intensification or abatement of import competition from 1967-1979. The differences between the paths of unemployment and wages so generated and the actual, historical paths are attributed to the effects of import competition.Imports have been responsible for the loss of a large number of jobs in only one industry, and for a significant loss in wages in two industries, among the nine studied.
Book Synopsis The Theory of International Trade and Unemployment by : Paul Oslington
Download or read book The Theory of International Trade and Unemployment written by Paul Oslington and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Paul Oslington underlines the contradiction between the prominence of job losses in political conflict over trade liberalization, and trade economists usually working with full employment models. This book is a comprehensive treatment of the benchmark competitive trade model with unemployment. It highlights the important linkages between trade and employment, providing analytical tools for participants in debates over trade liberalization. Global economy models, and empirically important cases where factor price equalization fails are considered for the first time. Questions addressed include: How do trading economies with unemployment respond to shocks such as terms of trade deteriorations, changes in labour market institutions or technological change? How does international migration affect employed and unemployed workers? How are trade patterns and volumes modified by unemployment? Is trade liberalisation always gainful when there is unemployment? How are European and American labour markets linked? How does the entry of newly industrializing countries into manufactured goods markets affect unemployment and wages in different parts of the world? What is the impact of harmonization of international labour standards on different groups in different parts of the world? This work is a basis for much needed empirical and policy work on trade and unemployment. It will strongly appeal to researchers, students and academics with an interest in international economics and international business. Economists in government and international agencies will also find much to interest them within this book.
Book Synopsis IT Outsourcing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications by : St.Amant, Kirk
Download or read book IT Outsourcing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications written by St.Amant, Kirk and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 2511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book covers a wide range of topics involved in the outsourcing of information technology through state-of-the-art collaborations of international field experts"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Mass Layoffs in ... written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309521424 Total Pages :449 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis The New Americans by : Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration
Download or read book The New Americans written by Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on one of the most controversial issues of the decade. It identifies the economic gains and losses from immigration--for the nation, states, and local areas--and provides a foundation for public discussion and policymaking. Three key questions are explored: What is the influence of immigration on the overall economy, especially national and regional labor markets? What are the overall effects of immigration on federal, state, and local government budgets? What effects will immigration have on the future size and makeup of the nation's population over the next 50 years? The New Americans examines what immigrants gain by coming to the United States and what they contribute to the country, the skills of immigrants and those of native-born Americans, the experiences of immigrant women and other groups, and much more. It offers examples of how to measure the impact of immigration on government revenues and expenditures--estimating one year's fiscal impact in California, New Jersey, and the United States and projecting the long-run fiscal effects on government revenues and expenditures. Also included is background information on immigration policies and practices and data on where immigrants come from, what they do in America, and how they will change the nation's social fabric in the decades to come.
Book Synopsis A General Equilibrium Analysis of US Foreign Trade Policy by : Jaime De Melo
Download or read book A General Equilibrium Analysis of US Foreign Trade Policy written by Jaime De Melo and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors' model is the first large-scale computer simulation of the effects of changes in U.S. import quotas.
