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Author : Bryan R. Kerman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Gas Transfer at the Air-sea Interface by Breaking Waves written by Bryan R. Kerman and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter S. Liss
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642256430
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Author : Christoph S. Garbe
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540369066
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Transport at the Air-Sea Interface written by Christoph S. Garbe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One key uncertainty in predictions of future climate is caused by the lack of knowledge of transport processes in the air-water interface; this poses the main transfer resistance between oceans and atmosphere. This book reviews recent progress in the domains of experimental process studies as well as computer stimulation. It represents an early approach of merging insights gained in both fields and broadens our understanding of air-water gas and heat exchange.
Author : M. A. Donelan
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces written by M. A. Donelan and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2002-01-21 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses the complex phenomena of gas transfer processes within the sciences of fluid dynamics and biogeochemistry. It covers: 1.) Effects of surface waves and turbulence on gas transfer. 2.) Effects of buoyancy and surfactants on gas transfer. 3.) Gas gransfer in strong turbulent flows. 4.) Remote sensing for large-scale gas transfer. 5.) gas transfer by aeration.
Download or read book The Effects of Breaking Waves on Dual-tracer Gas Exchange Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantification of air-sea gas fluxes is important in understanding the global ocean carbon cycle, determining the effect of biologically produced gases on remote marine tropospheric aerosol production, and measuring the atmospheric lifetimes of trace gases. Direct measurement of the flux, F, of a sparingly soluble gas through the air-sea interface is extremely difficult in general, and F is often calculated as F= k[sub L][delta]C where k[sub L] is the transfer velocity of the gas and AC is its air-sea concentration difference. In the absence of bubbles, k[sub L] is a function of the near-surface aqueous-phase turbulence and the molecular diffusivity of the gas. Although direct measurement of[delta]C is relatively simple, oceanic measurements of k[sub L] are problematical. Because of this, k[sub L] is usually estimated from empirical parameterizations for k[sub L] in terms of wind speed, U. The linear relation between F and k[sub L] at a constant[delta]C implies that the accuracy of the parameterization of k[sub L] in terms of U is critical in calculating F. This is especially true when U is large, since experiments in wind tunnels, lakes, and the ocean suggest that k[sub L] increases quadratically with U (Wanninkhof, 1992). With the exact functional form of the relation between U and k[sub L] not definitively known at present, estimation of k[sub L] at high U could be inaccurate. This problem could be resolved with further oceanic measurements of k[sub L] at high U. However, increases in U are also associated with increases in the frequency of wave breaking. Whitecaps are known to generate bubble plumes, and these bubbles could have a significant effect on the measurement of k[sub L].
Author : W. Brutsaert
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789027716972
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (169 download)
Download or read book Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces written by W. Brutsaert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1983-12-31 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transfer across the surface of environmental waters is of interest as an important phase in the geophysical and natural biochemical cycles of numer ous substances; indeed it governs the transition, one way or the other, be tween the dissolved state in the water and the gaseous state in the atmo sphere. Especially with increasing population and industrialization, gas transfer at water surfaces has become a critical factor in the understanding of the various pathways of wastes in the environment and of their engineering management. This interfacial mass transfer is, by its very nature, highly complex. The air and the water are usually in turbulent motion, and the interface be tween them is irregular, and disturbed by waves, sometimes accompanied by breaking, spray and bubble formation. Thus the transfer involves a wide variety of physical phenomena occurring over a wide range of scales. As a consequence, scientists and engineers from diverse disciplines and problem areas, have approached the problem, often with greatly differing analytical and experimental techniques and methodologies.
Author : Peter S. Liss
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521562732
Total Pages : 539 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (215 download)
Download or read book The Sea Surface and Global Change written by Peter S. Liss and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-03-20 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thorough review of sea-surface microlayer properties and role in global change.
Author : W. Brutsaert
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401716609
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces written by W. Brutsaert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transfer across the surface of environmental waters is of interest as an important phase in the geophysical and natural biochemical cycles of numer ous substances; indeed it governs the transition, one way or the other, be tween the dissolved state in the water and the gaseous state in the atmo sphere. Especially with increasing population and industrialization, gas transfer at water surfaces has become a critical factor in the understanding of the various pathways of wastes in the environment and of their engineering management. This interfacial mass transfer is, by its very nature, highly complex. The air and the water are usually in turbulent motion, and the interface be tween them is irregular, and disturbed by waves, sometimes accompanied by breaking, spray and bubble formation. Thus the transfer involves a wide variety of physical phenomena occurring over a wide range of scales. As a consequence, scientists and engineers from diverse disciplines and problem areas, have approached the problem, often with greatly differing analytical and experimental techniques and methodologies.
Author : M. L. Banner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Wind-driven Air-sea Interface written by M. L. Banner and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter Jesse Sutherland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303566660
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (666 download)
Download or read book On Breaking Waves and Turbulence at the Air-sea Interface written by Peter Jesse Sutherland and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wave fields in the open ocean evolve according to the radiative transfer equation of wave energy or action, which has three source terms, wind input, non-linear wave-wave interactions, and dissipation. Of these, dissipation is thought to be the least well understood, but is expected to be dominated by wave breaking. This dissertation is an investigation of the physical processes associated with the wave breaking and dissipation. Data were taken during three field experiments on R/P FLIP. These experiments took place in September 2009 south of Hawaii (Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean experiment), off the coast of Northern California in June of 2010 (High Resolution Air-Sea Interaction experiment, HIRES), and in the Southern California bight in December 2010 (an extension of HIRES). Between the three campaigns, winds of 0 to 18 m/s and significant wave heights of 0.5 to 5 m were experienced. Stereo Long Wave Infra Red (LWIR) video cameras mounted on one of FLIP's booms were used to reconstruct the 3D structure of an approximately 3x4 m patch of sea surface. Using surface temperature structure as a passive tracer, pattern imaging velocimetry (PIV) was applied to consecutive video frames to extract the velocity field of this patch. An important statistic of breakers is [Lambda](c), the distribution of crest length per unit area of sea surface as a function of breaker velocity c. A new technique, based on image texture, was developed to track breaking waves on the stereo IR reconstructed surface. These waves ranged from large air-entraining breakers to micro breakers that would be undetectable in visible imagery. This allowed measurements of [Lambda](c) that also cover the high-wavenumber gravity wave spectrum. Stress (or wave momentum flux) and dissipation can be related to the fourth and fifth moments of [Lambda](c), and comparisons of these moments with wind stress and wave field dissipation showed that micro-breaking without air entrainment is dynamically significant. A new technique was developed, whereby irrotational surface waves can be separated from rotational turbulence using a Helmholtz decomposition. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation at the sea surface was then estimated using this rotational velocity field. Synchronized subsurface velocity measurements from an array of profiling pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profilers allowed the calculation of the dissipation profile to depths O(10) significant wave heights. Tying surface and subsurface measurements together allows estimation of total TKE dissipation in the surface wave zone of the marine boundary layer. Turbulence measurements were supported by wind and wave data, allowing us to measure the wave coherence of TKE dissipation and relate it to wind and wave conditions, especially wave breaking.
Author : Patrick Buat-Ménard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400947380
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling written by Patrick Buat-Ménard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book arises from a NATO-sponsored Advanced Study Institute on 'The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling' held at Bombann@§. near Bordeaux, France. from 16 to 27 September 1985. The chapters of the book are the written versions of the lectures given at the Institute. The aim of the book is to give a comprehensive up-to-date coverage of the subject. presented in a teaching mode. The chapters contain much recent research material and attempt to give the reader an understanding of how the role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling can be quantitatively assessed. In the last decade, major advances in the fields of marine and atmospheric chemistry have underlined the role of physical, chemical and biological processes at and near the air-sea interface in a number of geochemical cycles (C. S, N, metals etc ... ). Further, there is strong concern over the anthropogenic perturbation of these cycles on both regional and global scales. The first part of the book (Chapters 1 to 8) provides a review of topics fundamental to such studies. These topics include concepts in geochemical modelling, assessment of atmospheric transport from sources to the oceans. description of mixing and transport processes within the ocean for both dissolved and particulate materials, quantification of air-sea fluxes for both gases and particles, photochemical transformations in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers.
Author : Peter Janssen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521465400
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (214 download)
Download or read book The Interaction of Ocean Waves and Wind written by Peter Janssen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-10-28 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was published in 2004. The Interaction of Ocean Waves and Wind describes in detail the two-way interaction between wind and ocean waves and shows how ocean waves affect weather forecasting on timescales of 5 to 90 days. Winds generate ocean waves, but at the same time airflow is modified due to the loss of energy and momentum to the waves; thus, momentum loss from the atmosphere to the ocean depends on the state of the waves. This volume discusses ocean wave evolution according to the energy balance equation. An extensive overview of nonlinear transfer is given, and as a by-product the role of four-wave interactions in the generation of extreme events, such as freak waves, is discussed. Effects on ocean circulation are described. Coupled ocean-wave, atmosphere modelling gives improved weather and wave forecasts. This volume will interest ocean wave modellers, physicists and applied mathematicians, and engineers interested in shipping and coastal protection.
Author : Alexander Soloviev
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402040528
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)
Download or read book The Near-Surface Layer of the Ocean written by Alexander Soloviev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-13 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until the 1980s, a tacit agreement among many physical oceanographers was that nothing deserving attention could be found in the upper few meters of the ocean. The lack of adequete knowledge about the near-surface layer of the ocean was mainly due to the fact that the widely used oceanographic instruments (such as bathythermographs, CTDs, current meters, etc.) were practically useless in the upper few meters of the ocean. Interest in the ne- surface layer of the ocean rapidly increased along with the development of remote sensing techniques. The interpretation of ocean surface signals sensed from satellites demanded thorough knowledge of upper ocean processes and their connection to the ocean interior. Despite its accessibility to the investigator, the near-surface layer of the ocean is not a simple subject of experimental study. Random, sometimes huge, vertical motions of the ocean surface due to surface waves are a serious complication for collecting quality data close to the ocean surface. The supposedly minor problem of avoiding disturbances from ships’ wakes has frustrated several generations of oceanographers attempting to take reliable data from the upper few meters of the ocean. Important practical applications nevertheless demanded action, and as a result several pioneering works in the 1970s and 1980s laid the foundation for the new subject of oceanography – the near-surface layer of the ocean.
Author : E.C. Monahan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789027722515
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (225 download)
Download or read book Oceanic Whitecaps written by E.C. Monahan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1986-04-30 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While various volumes havepreviously been de bable, answer to this question lies in the obser vation that while whitecaps are some of the voted to such topics as droplets and bubbles, it is our conceit that this is the first volume dedi most apparent features associated with high sea cated to the description of the phenomenon states, they have also pro\'ed to be someofthe of oceanic whitecapping, and to a considera most difficult objects to measure and describe tion of the role these whitecapsplay in satellite quantitatively, and while scientists as a group marine remote sensing, in sea-salt aerosol gene may like to tackle difficult problems, we ration, and in a broad range ofother sea surface should not be accused ofundue modesty when processes. This observation, reOecting in part we observe that as a group we also have a finite the relatively modest attention paid until re tolerance for frustration and ahuman,perhaps cently by the scientific community to white aesthetic, prejudice in favour ofnatural pheno caps, is noteworthy when one considers that mena that are amcnable to detailed description. collectively whitecaps are to thegeneral public It is appropriate to note that Professor Wood one of the most striking features of the sea cock, to whom this volume is dedicated, ap scape.
Author : Sophia Eleonora Brumer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Wave Breaking at High Wind Speeds and Its Effects on Air-sea Gas Transfer written by Sophia Eleonora Brumer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertainties remain in the quantification of bubble cloud which are at the core of the formulation of the bubble mediated transfer and additional field measurements are necessary to characterize bubble plume properties in the open ocean.
Author : Alexander Babanin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139502727
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)
Download or read book Breaking and Dissipation of Ocean Surface Waves written by Alexander Babanin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-19 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wave breaking represents one of the most interesting and challenging problems for fluid mechanics and physical oceanography. Over the last fifteen years our understanding has undergone a dramatic leap forward, and wave breaking has emerged as a process whose physics is clarified and quantified. Ocean wave breaking plays the primary role in the air-sea exchange of momentum, mass and heat, and it is of significant importance for ocean remote sensing, coastal and ocean engineering, navigation and other practical applications. This book outlines the state of the art in our understanding of wave breaking and presents the main outstanding problems. It is a valuable resource for anyone interested in this topic, including researchers, modellers, forecasters, engineers and graduate students in physical oceanography, meteorology and ocean engineering.
Author : P.S. Liss
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400971699
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Air-Sea Exchange of Gases and Particles written by P.S. Liss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Durham, New Hampshire, U.S.A., July 19-30, 1982
