Future Sources Of Military Jet Fuels

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Future Sources of Military Jet Fuels

Author : William L. Stanley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Future Sources of Military Jet Fuels by : William L. Stanley

Download or read book Future Sources of Military Jet Fuels written by William L. Stanley and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic JP jet fuels derived from oil shale or coal appear to offer the most attractive alternative to petroleum jet fuels between now and at least the end of the century. While synthetic JP cannot compete economically with petroleum fuels in the marketplace today, the long lead times needed to introduce new military propulsion technologies more or less require that the military participate in synthetic-fuels-related research now in order to be in a position to choose the most cost-effective synthetic JP fuel option at some later date. The considerable uncertainties that surround the synthetic JP option suggest the desirability of following a parametric R & D approach to develop an understanding of the technical and economic trade-offs between jet engine technology and fuel processing at the refinery.

The USAF and Alternative Jet Fuel

Author : Yvonne Carrico
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The USAF and Alternative Jet Fuel by : Yvonne Carrico

Download or read book The USAF and Alternative Jet Fuel written by Yvonne Carrico and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The purpose of this paper is to analyze three of the alternative fuels that are currently (or soon to be) available that can meet U.S. Air Force aviation fuel requirements. While commercial airlines are also beginning to show interest in alternative fuels, the significance for the military extends beyond price and includes national security concerns. The three fuels showing the most promise for aviation are natural gas to liquid (GTL), coal to liquid (CTL), and biofuel from algae. This paper compares these three fuels using six traits either required of current aviation fuel or desired for their replacement: performance, energy content, compatibility, low cost and carbon, source, and storage/transport requirements. While all three fuels meet the required performance, energy, compatibility, storage and transport requirements of aviation fuel, they fall short in some of the other desired areas. Both GTL and CTL are not low carbon, and they are also not renewable or sustainable sources. Biofuel from algae meets all of the requirements, however the current cost of production is high and it could take up to a decade for this to become a viable alternative to oil. This analysis shows that the best option for the Air Force is to invest in carbon capture technology and pursue GTL or CTL fuels for the short term. However, research and development of biofuel from algae should also continue, as this fuel shows the most promise as a permanent, renewable, and sustainable replacement for oil."--Abstract.

Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309440998
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.

Powering the U.S. Army of the Future

Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309258036
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (58 download)

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Book Synopsis Powering the U.S. Army of the Future by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine

Download or read book Powering the U.S. Army of the Future written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2022-03-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the request of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology, Powering the U.S. Army of the Future examines the U.S. Army's future power requirements for sustaining a multi-domain operational conflict and considers to what extent emerging power generation and transmission technologies can achieve the Army's operational power requirements in 2035. The study was based on one operational usage case identified by the Army as part of its ongoing efforts in multi-domain operations. The recommendations contained in this report are meant to help inform the Army's investment priorities in technologies to help ensure that the power requirements of the Army's future capability needs are achieved.

Future Propulsion Systems and Energy Sources in Sustainable Aviation

Author : Saeed Farokhi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119414997
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Future Propulsion Systems and Energy Sources in Sustainable Aviation by : Saeed Farokhi

Download or read book Future Propulsion Systems and Energy Sources in Sustainable Aviation written by Saeed Farokhi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the science and engineering behind future propulsion systems and energy sources in sustainable aviation Future Propulsion Systems and Energy Sources in Sustainable Aviation is a comprehensive reference that offers a review of the science and engineering principles that underpin the concepts of propulsion systems and energy sources in sustainable air transportation. The author, a noted expert in the field, examines the impact of air transportation on the environment and reviews alternative jet fuels, hybrid-electric and nuclear propulsion and power. He also explores modern propulsion for transonic and supersonic-hypersonic aircraft and the impact of propulsion on aircraft design. Climate change is the main driver for the new technology development in sustainable air transportation. The book contains critical review of gas turbine propulsion and aircraft aerodynamics; followed by an insightful presentation of the aviation impact on environment. Future fuels and energy sources are introduced in a separate chapter. Promising technologies in propulsion and energy sources are identified leading to pathways to sustainable aviation. To facilitate the utility of the subject, the book is accompanied by a website that contains illustrations, and equation files. This important book: Contains a comprehensive reference to the science and engineering behind propulsion and power in sustainable air transportation Examines the impact of air transportation on the environment Covers alternative jet fuels and hybrid-electric propulsion and power Discusses modern propulsion for transonic, supersonic and hypersonic aircraft Examines the impact of propulsion system integration on aircraft design Written for engineers, graduate and senior undergraduate students in mechanical and aerospace engineering, Future Propulsion Systems and Energy Sources in Sustainable Aviation explores the future of aviation with a guide to sustainable air transportation that includes alternative jet fuels, hybrid-electric propulsion, all-electric and nuclear propulsion.

The Potential Role of Technological Modifications and Alternative Fuels in Alleviating Air Force Energy Problems

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Potential Role of Technological Modifications and Alternative Fuels in Alleviating Air Force Energy Problems by :

Download or read book The Potential Role of Technological Modifications and Alternative Fuels in Alleviating Air Force Energy Problems written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines short- and long-term measures to reduce the consumption of petroleum jet fuels by the Air Force. Engine retrofits and aerodynamic modifications to existing aircraft can save significant quantities of jet fuel; however, savings in fuel expenditures are not enough to offset high initial costs of engine retrofits. If accomplished early in an aircraft's life cycle, relatively lower costs of modest aerodynamic modifications may be recoverable through savings in fuel expenditures. Synthetic JP fuels derived from oil shale or coal appear to be the most attractive future alternatives to petroleum jet fuels. If the foreign oil cartel maintains its price-setting effectiveness and synthetic fuels industry develops in the United States, development of an Air Force capability to interchangeable use fuels derived from crude oil, oil shale, or coal could be economically attractive and enhance the Air Force's position in the jet fuel marketplace. (Author).

Some Cost, Energy, Environmental, and Resource Implications of Synthetic Fuels Produced from Coal for Military Aircraft

Author : William L. Stanley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (241 download)

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Book Synopsis Some Cost, Energy, Environmental, and Resource Implications of Synthetic Fuels Produced from Coal for Military Aircraft by : William L. Stanley

Download or read book Some Cost, Energy, Environmental, and Resource Implications of Synthetic Fuels Produced from Coal for Military Aircraft written by William L. Stanley and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the availability and economics of jet fuels derived from crude oil become less certain in the future, the United States Air Force will need to consider the implications of utilizing aviation fuels derived from alternative energy resources. This paper examines the most promising energy resource alternative to crude oil and the most attractive aviation fuels derivable from the resource alternatives, with emphasis on coal-based aviation fuels. The findings suggest that coal and oil shale are the most promising energy resource alternatives. A synthetic jet fuel similar to jet fuels in use today appears to be the most attractive aviation fuel derivable from coal, primarily because its production requires lower energy expenditures and results in a less costly fuel product than the other two major alternatives, liquid hydrogen and liquid methane, while offering attractive characteristics for aviation applications. Despite its attractive features, there are definite resource, capacity, and environmental constraints which could tend to limit the availability of synthetic jet fuels in the future. (Author).

The Future of Military Engines

Author : Andrew P. Hunter
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538140349
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Military Engines by : Andrew P. Hunter

Download or read book The Future of Military Engines written by Andrew P. Hunter and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CSIS's The Future of Military Engines looks at the state of the U.S. military engine industrial base and the choices confronting policymakers at the Department of Defense (DoD). The military engine industrial base is closely tied to the industrial base for commercial engines. U.S. engine providers use many of the same facilities and largely the same supply chain for military and commercial engines. The ability to leverage commercial supply chains is critical because supply chain quality underlies the performance advantage of U.S. military engines, both for individual aircraft and military aircraft fleets. International competitors such as Russia and China are seeking to overtake the U.S. in engines. However, the current U.S. advantage is sustainable if it is treated as a national priority. Many military aircraft, especially fighters, require engines with important differences from commercial aircraft. They fly different flight profiles and perform different jobs. These differences mean that while DoD can leverage the commercial engine industrial base, it must also make investments to sustain the industrial base’s unique military components. In the next few years, DoD investment in military engines is projected to decrease significantly, particularly for R&D. This presents a challenge as military-unique engineering skills are highly perishable. Four major policy choices confront DoD as it formulates its investment approach to military engines going forward: 1) Priority, 2) Resources, 3) Business Model, and 4) Competition. The DoD is at an inflection point for engine investment, and the time for choosing on these four key policy questions will come in the next few years.

What Fuels Our Future?

Author : Robert L. Jarvis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis What Fuels Our Future? by : Robert L. Jarvis

Download or read book What Fuels Our Future? written by Robert L. Jarvis and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study project reviews the recent history of fuels usage and product evolution (since WWII) and presents current doctrine. The conclusion and recommendation of this project is that the Army of 2001 should have a single fuel on the battlefield. This fuel should be readily available at a reasonable cost, worldwide. The fuel chosen should be safe to transport and store while meeting the requirements of a wide variety of military equipment. This project also addresses current misconceptions, perceived problems and issues to be resolved about a single fuel concept. Both commercial jet fuel (Jet A1) and its military counterpart, jet propulsion fuel (JP8) offer a safe, relatively available, versatile and logistically supportable compromise to the varying needs of the majority of ground and air equipment.

What Fuels Our Future?

Author : Robert L. Jarvis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis What Fuels Our Future? by : Robert L. Jarvis

Download or read book What Fuels Our Future? written by Robert L. Jarvis and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study project reviews the recent history of fuels usage and product evolution (since WWII) and presents current doctrine. The conclusion and recommendation of this project is that the Army of 2001 should have a single fuel on the battlefield. This fuel should be readily available at a reasonable cost, worldwide. The fuel chosen should be safe to transport and store while meeting the requirements of a wide variety of military equipment. This project also addresses current misconceptions, perceived problems and issues to be resolved about a single fuel concept. Both commercial jet fuel (Jet A1) and its military counterpart, jet propulsion fuel (JP8) offer a safe, relatively available, versatile and logistically supportable compromise to the varying needs of the majority of ground and air equipment.

Production of Jet Fuels from Coal Derived Liquids. Volume 3. Jet Fuels Potential of Liquid By-Products from the Great Plains Gasification Project

Download Production of Jet Fuels from Coal Derived Liquids. Volume 3. Jet Fuels Potential of Liquid By-Products from the Great Plains Gasification Project PDF Online Free

Author : E. B. Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Production of Jet Fuels from Coal Derived Liquids. Volume 3. Jet Fuels Potential of Liquid By-Products from the Great Plains Gasification Project by : E. B. Smith

Download or read book Production of Jet Fuels from Coal Derived Liquids. Volume 3. Jet Fuels Potential of Liquid By-Products from the Great Plains Gasification Project written by E. B. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three liquid by-products from the Great Plains Gasification Project, tar oil crude phenols, and naptha, were evaluated as potential sources of military jet fuels. Tar oil, produced at about 3200 barrels per day (BPD), is a highly aromatic lignite pyrolysis liquid with a typical density of 1.01 and boiling range of about 220-975 F (104-524). Crude phenols, extracted from process water at about 900 BPD, is essentially a mixture of phenols, cresols, dihydric phenols, and naphthols, with an oxygen content averaging over 13 wt %. The naphtha is a low-boiling mixture extracted from syngas at about 725 BPD. Chief components are benzene, alkyl-benzenes, sulfur compounds, and highly variable amounts of methanol, acetone, and methylethyl-ketone, Based on these typical by-product characteristics, preliminary assessments were that the tar oil was the most promising jet fuel source, that crude phenols was a questionable source because of its high oxygen content, and that naphtha was a poor source because of its low-boiling range. Keywords: Jet fuel, Turbine fuel, JP-4, JP-8, Crude phenol, Tar oil, Naphtha, Great plains gasification plant, Coal liquids. (JES).

Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309058333
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety by : National Research Council

Download or read book Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-09-18 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reduction of the fire hazard of fuel is critical to improving survivability in impact-survivable aircraft accidents. Despite current fire prevention and mitigation approaches, fuel flammability can overwhelm post-crash fire scenarios. The Workshop on Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety was held November 19-20, 1996 to review the current state of development, technological needs, and promising technology for the future development of aviation fuels that are most resistant to ignition during a crash. This book contains a summary of workshop discussions and 11 presented papers in the areas of fuel and additive technologies, aircraft fuel system requirements, and the characterization of fuel fires.

Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309168708
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-14 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a critical review of toxicologic, epidemiologic, and other relevant data on jet-propulsion fuel 8, a type of fuel in wide use by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), and an evaluation of the scientific basis of DOD's interim permissible exposure level of 350 mg/m3

Supplying War

Author : Martin van Creveld
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521297936
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (979 download)

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Book Synopsis Supplying War by : Martin van Creveld

Download or read book Supplying War written by Martin van Creveld and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did Napoleon succeed in 1805 but fail in 1812? Were the railways vital to Prussia's victory over France in 1870? Was the famous Schlieffen Plan militarily sound? Could the European half of World War II have been ended in 1944? These are only a few of the questions that form the subject-matter of this meticulously researched, lively book. Drawing on a very wide range of unpublished and previously unexploited sources, Martin van Creveld examines the 'nuts and bolts' of war: namely, those formidable problems of movement and supply, transportation and administration, so often mentioned - but rarely explored - by the vast majority of books on military history. In doing so he casts his net far and wide, from Gustavus Adolphus to Rommel, from Marlborough to Patton, subjecting the operations of each to a thorough analysis from a fresh and unusual point of view. The result is a fascinating book that has something new to say about virtually every one of the most important campaigns waged in Europe during the last two centuries.

Annual Department of Defense Bibliography of Logistics Studies and Related Documents

Author : United States. Defense Logistics Studies Information Exchange
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Annual Department of Defense Bibliography of Logistics Studies and Related Documents by : United States. Defense Logistics Studies Information Exchange

Download or read book Annual Department of Defense Bibliography of Logistics Studies and Related Documents written by United States. Defense Logistics Studies Information Exchange and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biojet Fuel: Current Technology and Future Prospect

Author : Arindam Kuila
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819987830
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Biojet Fuel: Current Technology and Future Prospect by : Arindam Kuila

Download or read book Biojet Fuel: Current Technology and Future Prospect written by Arindam Kuila and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fuel Property Effects on Combustion

Author : Cynthia A. Obringer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Fuel Property Effects on Combustion by : Cynthia A. Obringer

Download or read book Fuel Property Effects on Combustion written by Cynthia A. Obringer and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report deals with fuel property effects on gas turbine engine combustors. In order to increase jet fuel availability and decrease cost, the Air Force is investigating alternate feedstocks such as tar sands, shale oils, heavy oils, and coal derived fuels. As these lower quality feedstocks begin to play a major role as sources of military jet fuels, it becomes increasingly important to be able to evaluate the effects of these fuels on engine life and performance. These effects have usually been measured using expensive and time-consuming engine tests. Of major concern in each of these programs was the effects of fuel properties and composition on soot formation, and the effects of soot on engine performance and durability. Being able to predict the change in soot formation due to changing fuel properties would be an invaluable tool in future research and development efforts to eliminate soot formation and its deleterious effects on engines. The reduction in exhaust plume, through reduced soot formation, reduces a vehicle's visibility for tracking and targeting purposes, thus increasing its survivability. It was concluded that smoke and combustion linear radiative heating correlate well with hydrogen content. That hydrogen content is as effective as any parameter at predicting soot formation; and the questioning of the validity of the data, and the need for more and better data.