Fungal Nanotechnology

Download Fungal Nanotechnology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319684248
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fungal Nanotechnology by : Ram Prasad

Download or read book Fungal Nanotechnology written by Ram Prasad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-25 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungal nanotechnology has great prospects for developing new products with industrial, agricultural, medicinal, and consumer applications in a wide range of sectors. The fields of chemical engineering, agri-food, biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, and medical device development all employ fungal products, with fungal nanomaterials currently used in applications ranging from drug development to the food industry and agricultural biotechnology. Fungal agents are an environmentally friendly, clean, non‐toxic agent for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and employ both intracellular and extracellular methods. The simplicity of scaling up and downstream processing and the presence of fungal mycelia which afford an increased surface area provide key advantages. In addition, the large spectrum of synthesized nanoparticle morphologies and the substantially faster biosynthesis rate in cell-free filtrate (due to the higher amount of proteins secreted in fungi) make this a particularly enticing route. Understanding the diversity of fungi in assorted ecosystems, as well as their interactions with other microorganisms, animals, and plants, underpins real and innovative technological developments and the applications of metal nanoparticles in many disciplines including agriculture, catalysis, and biomedical biosensors. Importantly, biogenic fungal nanoparticles show significant synergistic characteristics when combined with antibiotics and fungicides to offer substantially greater resistance to microbial growth and applications in nanomedicine ranging from topical ointments and bandages for wound healing to coated stents.

Fungi Bio-prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-technology

Download Fungi Bio-prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128213957
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fungi Bio-prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-technology by : Vijay Kumar Sharma

Download or read book Fungi Bio-prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-technology written by Vijay Kumar Sharma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi bio-prospects in sustainable agriculture, environment and nanotechnology is a three-volume series that has been designed to explore the huge potential of the many diverse applications of fungi to human life. The series unveils the latest developments and scientific advances in the study of the biodiversity of fungi, extremophilic fungi, and fungal secondary metabolites and enzymes, while also presenting cutting-edge molecular tools used to study fungi. Readers will learn all about the recent progress and future potential applications of fungi in agriculture, environmental remediation, industry, food safety, medicine, and nanotechnology. Volume 1 will cover the biodiversity of fungi and the associated biopotential applications. This volume offers insights into both basic and advanced biotechnological applications in human welfare and sustainable agriculture. The chapters shed light on the different roles of fungi as a bio-fertilizer, a bio-control agent, and a component of microbial inoculants. They also focus on the various applications of fungi in bio-fuel production, nano-technology, and in the management of abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and metal toxicity. - Provides a deep understanding of fungi and summarizes fungi's various applications in the fields of microbiology and sustainable agriculture - Describes the role of fungal inoculants as biocontrol agents, and in improved stress tolerance and growth of plants

Fungal Nanotechnology 2.0

Download Fungal Nanotechnology 2.0 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Mdpi AG
ISBN 13 : 9783036577210
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (772 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fungal Nanotechnology 2.0 by : Kamel A Abd-Elsalam

Download or read book Fungal Nanotechnology 2.0 written by Kamel A Abd-Elsalam and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2023-05-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungal Nanotechnology 2 provides an updated and thorough explanation of the green and sustainable production of metal- and organic-based nanostructures by various fungal species, as well as an investigation of intracellular and extracellular mechanisms, with a particular focus on the applications of fungal nanotechnology in biomedical, environmental, and agri-food sectors. Since FN is still in its infancy, major research should be conducted in this field; plants, animals, and people will all benefit significantly from this, and effective and environmentally acceptable methods should be developed.

Nanobiotechnology in Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment

Download Nanobiotechnology in Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119671795
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanobiotechnology in Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment by : Mahendra Rai

Download or read book Nanobiotechnology in Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment written by Mahendra Rai and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents nanobiotechnology in drug delivery and disease management Featuring contributions from noted experts in the field, this book highlights recent advances in the nano-based drug delivery systems. It also covers the diagnosis and role of various nanomaterials in the management of infectious diseases and non-infectious disorders, such as cancers and other malignancies and their role in future medicine. Nanobiotechnology in Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment starts by introducing how nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery, diagnosis, and treatments of diseases. It then focuses on the role of various nanocomposites in diagnosis, drug delivery, and treatment of diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and many others. Next, it discusses the application of a variety of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract disorders. The book explains the concept of nanotheranostics in detail and its role in effective monitoring of drug response, targeted drug delivery, enhanced drug accumulation in the target tissues, sustained as well as triggered release of drugs, and reduction in adverse effects. Other chapters cover aptamer-incorporated nanoparticle systems; magnetic nanoparticles; theranostics and vaccines; toxicological concerns of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine; and more. Provides a concise overview of state-of-the-art nanomaterials and their application like drug delivery in infectious diseases and non-infectious disorders Highlights recent advances in the nano-based drug delivery systems and role of various nanomaterials Introduces nano-based sensors which detect various pathogens Covers the use of nanodevices in diagnostics and theranostics Nanobiotechnology in Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment is an ideal book for researchers and scientists working in various disciplines such as microbiology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and nanomedicine.

Microbial Nanotechnology: Green Synthesis and Applications

Download Microbial Nanotechnology: Green Synthesis and Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811619239
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Microbial Nanotechnology: Green Synthesis and Applications by : Mohammad Azam Ansari

Download or read book Microbial Nanotechnology: Green Synthesis and Applications written by Mohammad Azam Ansari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the principles and mechanisms of the biological synthesis of nanoparticles from microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, algae, and protozoans. It presents optimization processes for synthesis of microbes-mediated nanoparticles. The book also reviews the industrial and agricultural applications of microbially-synthesized nanoparticles. It also presents the medical applications of green nanoparticles, such as treating multidrug-resistant pathogens and cancer treatment. Further, it examines the advantages and prospects for the synthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms. Lastly, it also presents the utilization of microbial-synthesized nanoparticles in the bioremediation of heavy metals.

Nanotechnology in Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone Infections

Download Nanotechnology in Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone Infections PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030351475
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanotechnology in Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone Infections by : Mahendra Rai

Download or read book Nanotechnology in Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone Infections written by Mahendra Rai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-14 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of the present book is to deal with the role of nanobiotechnology in skin, soft tissue and bone infections since it is difficult to treat the infections due to the development of resistance in them against existing antibiotics. The present interdisciplinary book is very useful for a diverse group of readers including nanotechnologists, medical microbiologists, dermatologists, osteologists, biotechnologists, bioengineers. Nanotechnology in Skin, Soft-Tissue, and Bone Infections is divided into four sections: Section I- includes role of nanotechnology in skin infections such as atopic dermatitis, and nanomaterials for combating infections caused by bacteria and fungi. Section II- incorporates how nanotechnology can be used for soft-tissue infections such as diabetic foot ulcer and other wound infections; Section III- discusses about the nanomaterials in artificial scaffolds bone engineering and bone infections caused by bacteria and fungi; and also about the toxicity issues generated by the nanomaterials in general and nanoparticles in particular. The readers will be immensely enriched by the knowledge of new and emerging nanobiotechnologies in a variety of platforms.

Nanobiotechnology Applications in Plant Protection

Download Nanobiotechnology Applications in Plant Protection PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303013296X
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanobiotechnology Applications in Plant Protection by : Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam

Download or read book Nanobiotechnology Applications in Plant Protection written by Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanobiotechnology Applications in Plant Protection: Volume 2 continues the important and timely discussion of nanotechnology applications in plant protection and pathology, filling a gap in the literature for nano applications in crop protection. Nanobiopesticides and nanobioformulations are examined in detail and presented as powerful alternatives for eco-friendly management of plant pathogens and nematodes. Leading scholars discuss the applications of nanobiomaterials as antimicrobials, plant growth enhancers and plant nutrition management, as well as nanodiagnostic tools in phytopathology and magnetic and supramagnetic nanostructure applications for plant protection. This second volume includes exciting new content on the roles of biologically synthesized nanoparticles in seed germination and zinc-based nanostructures in protecting against toxigenic fungi. Also included is new research in phytotoxicity, nano-scale fertilizers and nanomaterial applications in nematology and discussions on Botyris grey mold and nanobiocontrol. This book also explores the potential effects on the environment, ecosystems and consumers and addresses the implications of intellectual property for nanobiopesticides. Further discussed are nanotoxicity effects on the plant ecosystem and nano-applications for the detection, degradation and removal of pesticides.

Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture

Download Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000397815
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture by : M. Anwar Mallick

Download or read book Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture written by M. Anwar Mallick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-08 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture presents applications of nanobiotechnology for eco-friendly agriculture practices. Implementing sustainable agriculture techniques is a crucial component in meeting projected global food demands while minimising toxic waste in the environment. Nano-technological tools – including nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanotubes and nanomolecules – offer sustainable options to modernise agriculture systems. Written by nanotechnology experts, this book outlines how nano-formulations can improve yield without reliance on chemecial pesticides and reduce nutrient losses in fertilization. It reveals how nanotools are used for rapid disease diagnostics, in treating plant diseases and enhancing the capacity for plants to absorb nutrients. Features: Combines nanotechnology and agronomy presenting applications for improving plant performance and yields. Reveals nanotechnology-based products used for the soil and plant health management which mitigate climate change. Discusses roles of microbial endophytes, heavy metal nanoparticles and environment health, nano-nutrients, phytochemicals, green bioengineering and plant health. This book appeals to professionals working in the agriculture and food industry, as well as agricultural scientists and researchers in nanotechnology and agronomy.

Nano-Biopesticides Today and Future Perspectives

Download Nano-Biopesticides Today and Future Perspectives PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128158301
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nano-Biopesticides Today and Future Perspectives by : Opender Koul

Download or read book Nano-Biopesticides Today and Future Perspectives written by Opender Koul and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-03-16 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nano-Biopesticides Today and Future Perspectives is the first single-volume resource to examine the practical development, implementation and implications of combining the environmentally aware use of biopesticides with the potential power of nanotechnology. While biopesticides have been utilized for years, researchers have only recently begun exploring delivery methods that utilize nanotechnology to increase efficacy while limiting the negative impacts traditionally seen through the use of pest control means. Written by a panel of global experts, the book provides a foundation on nano-biopesticide development paths, plant health and nutrition, formulation and means of delivery. Researchers in academic and commercial settings will value this foundational reference of insights within the biopesticide realm. - Provides comprehensive insights, including relevant information on environmental impact and safety, technology development, implementation, and intellectual property - Discusses the role of nanotechnology and its potential applications as a nanomaterial in crop protection for a cleaner and greener agriculture - Presents a strategic, comprehensive and forward-looking approach

Fungi Bio-prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-technology

Download Fungi Bio-prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128217359
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fungi Bio-prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-technology by : Vijay Kumar Sharma

Download or read book Fungi Bio-prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-technology written by Vijay Kumar Sharma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-16 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi Bio-prospects in Sustainable Agriculture: Fungal metabolites and Nano-technology is a three-volume series that has been designed to explore the huge potential of the many diverse applications of fungi to human life. The series unveils the latest developments and scientific advances in the study of the biodiversity of fungi, extremophilic fungi, and fungal secondary metabolites and enzymes, while also presenting cutting-edge molecular tools used to study fungi. Readers will learn all about the recent progress and future potential applications of fungi in agriculture, environmental remediation, industry, food safety, medicine, and nanotechnology.Volume 3 provides a comprehensive account of fungal metabolites, including bioactive and host origin compounds, along with other biomolecules, and mycotoxins. This book includes the applications, limitations, and prospects of working with fungal secondary metabolites. The authors explore fungi in the myco-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles along with their biotechnological, industrial, and agricultural uses. This book also discusses advancements in medical mycology for the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections. Furthermore, this book provides up-to-date and in-depth knowledge about the adoption of advanced CRISPR-Cas9 technology in fungi for gene editing - Covers the secondary metabolites of fungi including bioactive compounds, mycotoxins and other biomolecules - Provides insight into the fungal mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles and its various applications in diverse fields - Describes advances in diagnosis and treatment of human fungal infections - Presents the latest information on applications of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in fungi

Microbial Nanobiotechnology

Download Microbial Nanobiotechnology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813347775
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Microbial Nanobiotechnology by : Agbaje Lateef

Download or read book Microbial Nanobiotechnology written by Agbaje Lateef and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book serves as a vital resource on the contributions of microorganisms to advances in nanotechnology, establishing their applications in diverse areas of biomedicine, environment, biocatalysis, food and nutrition, and renewable energy. It documents the impacts of microorganisms in nanotechnology leading to further developments in microbial nanobiotechnology. This book appeals to researchers and scholars of microbiology, biochemistry and nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology, Food Security and Water Treatment

Download Nanotechnology, Food Security and Water Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319701665
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanotechnology, Food Security and Water Treatment by : K M Gothandam

Download or read book Nanotechnology, Food Security and Water Treatment written by K M Gothandam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-08 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews advanced nanotechnology in food, health, water and agriculture. In food, nanobiosensors display an unprecedented efficiency for the detection of allergens, genetically modified organisms and pathogens. In agriculture, nanofertilisers improve plant nutrition by releasing nutrients slowly and steadily. Nanomaterials synthesised using biomass such as fungi are further found remarkable to clean waters polluted by heavy metals. However, as newly introduced materials in the environment, nanoparticles may exhibit toxic effects, which are reviewed in this book. In the context of climate change, methods for water desalinisation are also presented.

Advances and Applications Through Fungal Nanobiotechnology

Download Advances and Applications Through Fungal Nanobiotechnology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319429906
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances and Applications Through Fungal Nanobiotechnology by : Ram Prasad

Download or read book Advances and Applications Through Fungal Nanobiotechnology written by Ram Prasad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​​Fungal nanobiotechnology has emerged as one of the key technologies, and an eco-friendly, as a source of food and harnessed to ferment and preserve foods and beverages, as well as applications in human health (antibiotics, anti-cholesterol statins, and immunosuppressive agents), while industry has used fungi for large-scale production of enzymes, acids, biosurfactants, and to manage fungal disease in crops and pest control. With the harnessing of nanotechnology, fungi have grown increasingly important by providing a greener alternative to chemically synthesized nanoparticles.

Microbial Nanotechnology

Download Microbial Nanotechnology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000196488
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Microbial Nanotechnology by : Mahendra Rai

Download or read book Microbial Nanotechnology written by Mahendra Rai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-25 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an account of the biogenic synthesis of nanomaterials by using different microorganisms. The chapters are focused on the biosynthesis of various metal and metal oxide nanosized materials by using bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and algae, including mechanisms of microbial synthesis. Other chapters summarize recent developments of microbial-based nanostructures for the management of food-borne pathogens, plant pathogenic fungi, as nutrients, and biomedical applications. Microorganisms are discussed not only as biofactories for the synthesis of nanomaterials but also as removal agents of toxic metals from the environment. Exposure sources and ecotoxicity of microbially synthesized nanoparticles are also discussed.

Nanomycotoxicology

Download Nanomycotoxicology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128179996
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanomycotoxicology by : Mahendra Rai

Download or read book Nanomycotoxicology written by Mahendra Rai and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-24 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomycotoxicology: Treating Mycotoxins in Nanoway discusses the role of nanotechnology in the detection, toxicity and management of different types of mycotoxins. Sections cover the topic of nanomycotoxicology, the application of nanotechnology for quicker, more cost-effective and precise diagnostic procedures of mycotoxins and toxicogenic fungi, and the application of nanotechnology for the management of mycotoxigenic fungi. New topics, such as the application of nanotechnology in disease management, disease forecasting, and disease resistance, mycotoxin detection, and nanodiagnostic and molecular techniques are also presented. With chapter contributions from an international group of experts, this book presents an interdisciplinary reference for scientists and researchers working in mycotoxicology, nanotechnology, mycology, plant science, and food safety. In addition, it will be a useful tool for industrial scientists investigating technologies to update their nanotoxicology and nanosafety knowledge. - Discusses the role of nanotechnology in mycotoxicology - Explores the application of nanomaterials for detection of mycotoxins - Covers the role of nanotechnology in the management of mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi

Progress in Mycology

Download Progress in Mycology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9387869849
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Progress in Mycology by : M.K. Rai

Download or read book Progress in Mycology written by M.K. Rai and published by Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2017-02-01 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book is aimed to provide the readers with current trends in the field of Mycology in general and fungal biotechnology in particular. The book would be of utmost importance to students, researchers and teachers of botany, mycology, microbiology, fungal biotechnology and nanotechnology. The readers should find the book full of information and reader-friendly.

Fungal Nanobionics

Download Fungal Nanobionics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789811342080
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fungal Nanobionics by : Ram Prasad

Download or read book Fungal Nanobionics written by Ram Prasad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-25 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungal nanobionics has great prospects for developing new products with industrial, agriculture, medicine and consumer applications in a wide range of sectors. The fields of chemical engineering, agri-food, biochemical, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics and medical device development all employ fungal products, with fungal nanomaterials currently used in a wide range of applications, ranging from drug development to food industry and agricultural sector. The fungal agents emerge as an environmentally friendly, clean, non‐toxic agent for the biogenic metal nanoparticles and employs both intracellular and extracellular methods. The simplicity of scaling up and downstream processing and the presence of fungal mycelia affording an increased surface area provide key advantages. In addition, the larger spectrum of synthesized nanoparticle morphologies and the substantially faster biosynthesis rate in cell-free filtrate (due to the higher amount of proteins secreted in fungi) make this a particularly enticing route. Understanding the diversity of fungi in assorted ecosystems, as well as their interactions with other microorganisms, animals and plants, is essential to underpin real and innovative technological developments and the applications of metal nanoparticles in many disciplines including agriculture, catalysis, and biomedical biosensors. Importantly, biogenic fungal nanoparticles show significant synergistic characteristics when combined with antibiotics and fungicides to offer substantially greater resistance to microbial growth and applications in nanomedicine ranging from topical ointments and bandages for wound healing to coated stents.