Friars Nobles And Burghers Sermons Images And Prints

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Friars, Nobles and Burghers – Sermons, Images and Prints

Author : Jaroslav Miller
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 9633864607
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

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Book Synopsis Friars, Nobles and Burghers – Sermons, Images and Prints by : Jaroslav Miller

Download or read book Friars, Nobles and Burghers – Sermons, Images and Prints written by Jaroslav Miller and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-10 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume reflect the broader interpretation of culture as a system of shared meanings, values, attitudes and symbolic forms in any sphere of human life. Although thematically diverse, all these studies adhere to the concept of what is sometimes termed the new cultural history or socio-cultural history. The work opens with a cluster of methodological and historiographical reflections. Topics covered by the thematic sections include confessional and religious life in early modern Europe, symbolism and representation, strife and accommodation among different denominations compelled to live in a common space, order and hierarchy, cracks in the machinery of authority and the threat of disintegration as well as the history of alphabetization, literacy and reading and writing practices. This book pays tribute to István György Tóth (1956–2005), Head of the Department of Early-Modern History at the Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and Professor of History at Central European University (both in Budapest), until his premature death in 2005.

Debating the Sacraments

Author : Amy Nelson Burnett
Publisher : Paperbackshop UK Import
ISBN 13 : 0190921188
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Debating the Sacraments by : Amy Nelson Burnett

Download or read book Debating the Sacraments written by Amy Nelson Burnett and published by Paperbackshop UK Import. This book was released on 2019 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Debating the Sacraments argues that Reformation debates concerning baptism and the Lord's Supper cannot be treated in isolation. It demonstrates the continuing influence of Erasmus on Luther's evangelical opponents and examines the role of printing in fanning the public controversy over the sacraments"--Provided by publisher.

Faces of Community in Central European Towns

Author : Katerina Hornícková
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498551130
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Faces of Community in Central European Towns by : Katerina Hornícková

Download or read book Faces of Community in Central European Towns written by Katerina Hornícková and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-09-15 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concepts of visual communication form an explanatory framework for discussing the visual expressions of urban symbolic communication in urban life in towns in the center of Europe in the late medieval and early modern period, including the dramatic times of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. This book examines the role of images and visual representation by concentrating on the varieties of symbolic communication in towns that made a range of relationships visual: the status and role of urban civic, professional, and religious communities and the relations between the town and its lord or powerful families and individuals. The geographical framework of this book is the region in the former Habsburg countries north of the Danube River embracing the region between western Bohemia and what is today eastern Slovakia, including the borderland towns of northern Austria. Two studies focus on specific local and occupational communities in the Prague towns, but most of the texts in this book focus on small towns by contemporary European standards in which many forms of urban topography, buildings, objects, and monuments survive, even though few written sources have been preserved. Accessing a wide range of literature in regional languages and German for English speakers, this collection describes typical urban landscapes in early modern Central Europe outside the well-known Central European urban centers and traditional areas of study. The book is a relevant new contribution to medieval and early modern studies, not only covering an underappreciated geographical area but also addressing general questions about the history of rituals and performance as well as visual culture, communication, and identity discourses in late medieval and early modern urban space.

A Companion to Early Modern Naples

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004251839
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis A Companion to Early Modern Naples by :

Download or read book A Companion to Early Modern Naples written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naples was one of the largest cities in early modern Europe, and for about two centuries the largest city in the global empire ruled by the kings of Spain. Its crowded and noisy streets, the height of its buildings, the number and wealth of its churches and palaces, the celebrated natural beauty of its location, the many antiquities scattered in its environs, the fiery volcano looming over it, the drama of its people’s devotions, the size and liveliness - to put it mildly - of its plebs, all made Naples renowned and at times notorious across Europe. The new essays in this volume aim to introduce this important, fascinating, and bewildering city to readers unfamiliar with its history. Contributors are: Tommaso Astarita, John Marino, Giovanni Muto, Vladimiro Valerio, Gaetano Sabatini, Aurelio Musi, Giulio Sodano, Carlos José Hernando Sánchez, Elisa Novi Chavarria, Gabriel Guarino, Giovanni Romeo, Peter Mazur, Angelantonio Spagnoletti, J. Nicholas Napoli, Gaetana Cantone, Anthony DelDonna, Sean Cocco, Melissa Calaresu, Nancy Canepa, David Gentilcore, Diana Carrió-Invernizzi, and Anna Maria Rao. The publisher, editor, and contributors mourn the passing of Gaetana Cantone, who died in April 2013.

The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America

Author : Brian P. Levack
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191648833
Total Pages : 645 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America by : Brian P. Levack

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America written by Brian P. Levack and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this Handbook, written by leading scholars working in the rapidly developing field of witchcraft studies, explore the historical literature regarding witch beliefs and witch trials in Europe and colonial America between the early fifteenth and early eighteenth centuries. During these years witches were thought to be evil people who used magical power to inflict physical harm or misfortune on their neighbours. Witches were also believed to have made pacts with the devil and sometimes to have worshipped him at nocturnal assemblies known as sabbaths. These beliefs provided the basis for defining witchcraft as a secular and ecclesiastical crime and prosecuting tens of thousands of women and men for this offence. The trials resulted in as many as fifty thousand executions. These essays study the rise and fall of witchcraft prosecutions in the various kingdoms and territories of Europe and in English, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies in the Americas. They also relate these prosecutions to the Catholic and Protestant reformations, the introduction of new forms of criminal procedure, medical and scientific thought, the process of state-building, profound social and economic change, early modern patterns of gender relations, and the wave of demonic possessions that occurred in Europe at the same time. The essays survey the current state of knowledge in the field, explore the academic controversies that have arisen regarding witch beliefs and witch trials, propose new ways of studying the subject, and identify areas for future research.

The Routledge History of Witchcraft

Author : Johannes Dillinger
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000765741
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge History of Witchcraft by : Johannes Dillinger

Download or read book The Routledge History of Witchcraft written by Johannes Dillinger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge History of Witchcraft is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary study of the belief in witches from antiquity to the present day, providing both an introduction to the subject of witchcraft and an overview of the on-going debates. This extensive collection covers the entire breadth of the history of witchcraft, from the witches of Ancient Greece and medieval demonology through to the victims of the witch hunts, and onwards to children’s books, horror films, and modern pagans. Drawing on the knowledge and expertise of an international team of authors, the book examines differing concepts of witchcraft that still exist in society and explains their historical, literary, religious, and anthropological origin and development, including the reflections and adaptions of this belief in art and popular culture. The volume is divided into four chronological parts, beginning with Antiquity and the Middle Ages in Part One, Early Modern witch hunts in Part Two, modern concepts of witchcraft in Part Three, and ending with an examination of witchcraft and the arts in Part Four. Each chapter offers a glimpse of a different version of the witch, introducing the reader to the diversity of witches that have existed in different contexts throughout history. Exploring a wealth of texts and case studies and offering a broad geographical scope for examining this fascinating subject, The Routledge History of Witchcraft is essential reading for students and academics interested in the history of witchcraft.

Parish Churches in the Early Modern World

Author : Andrew Spicer
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351912763
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Parish Churches in the Early Modern World by : Andrew Spicer

Download or read book Parish Churches in the Early Modern World written by Andrew Spicer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across Europe, the parish church has stood for centuries at the centre of local communities; it was the focal point of its religious life, the rituals performed there marked the stages of life from the cradle to the grave. Nonetheless the church itself artistically and architecturally stood apart from the parish community. It was often the largest and only stone-built building in a village; it was legally distinct being subject to canon law, as well as consecrated for the celebration of religious rites. The buildings associated with the "cure of souls" were sacred sites or holy places, where humanity interacted with the divine. In spite of the importance of the parish church, these buildings have generally not received the same attention from historians as non-parochial places of worship. This collection of essays redresses this balance and reflects on the parish church across a number of confessions - Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed and Anti-Trinitarian - during the early modern period. Rather than providing a series of case studies of individual buildings, each essay looks at the evolution of parish churches in response to religious reform as well as confessional change and upheaval. They examine aspects of their design and construction; furnishings and material culture; liturgy and the use of the parish church. While these essays range widely across Europe, the volume also considers how religious provision and the parish church were translated into a global context with colonial and commercial expansion in the Americas and Asia. This interdisciplinary volume seeks to identify what was distinctive about the parish church for the congregations that gathered in them for worship and for communities across the early modern world.

The Habsburg Empire under Siege

Author : Georg B. Michels
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN 13 : 022800697X
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis The Habsburg Empire under Siege by : Georg B. Michels

Download or read book The Habsburg Empire under Siege written by Georg B. Michels and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the seventeenth century Hungary's diverse population of peasants, townsmen, soldiers, and county nobles rose up against the violent imposition of the Counter-Reformation, the Habsburg military occupation, and exhorbitant war taxes. In The Habsburg Empire under Siege Georg Michels explores the little-known grassroots revolts that threatened the Habsburgs' hold over the Hungarian borderlands. Based on extensive research in Hungarian, Austrian, and Dutch archives, this revisionist study shifts attention away from high politics, diplomacy, and military confrontation to the popular revolts that took place during the two decades before the 1683 siege of Vienna. Michels reveals a complex environment in which Calvinist Hungarians, Lutheran Slovaks, Lutheran Germans, and Orthodox Ukrainians worked to defend their religion against brutal Habsburg Counter-Reformation campaigns. Challenging preconceived notions of European, Middle Eastern, and East European history, this book tells a dramatic story of Reformation and Counter-Reformation violence, covering proxy wars, guerrilla warfare, refugee flight, migration from Hungary into Ottoman territory, and largely unknown Christian-Muslim encounters. Offering a trans-imperial perspective that reassesses the complex relationship between Hungarians, Habsburgs, and Ottomans, The Habsburg Empire under Siege portrays the resistance of ordinary men and women and their hopes for liberation from Habsburg oppression, reclaiming their place in history.

The Stark Carpathians

Author : Anthony J. Amato
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1793608393
Total Pages : 507 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis The Stark Carpathians by : Anthony J. Amato

Download or read book The Stark Carpathians written by Anthony J. Amato and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2024-01-29 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Stark Carpathians: Ritual, Text, and Authority Among Ukraine’s Hutsuls addresses rituals and texts in a small mountainous area located in today’s Ukraine. The residents of this remote region are known as the Hutsuls. This book argues that Hutsul rituals and texts, cast as ancient and extraordinary, had more mundane roots. They formed out of contact between the region’s residents and lowland institutions, and they became foundations for everyday life. Words and symbolic action had an inherent tension that stemmed from contests over authority. The nature of these contests was such that distant officials, willful locals, and diverse sources of information were often as important as collective traditions in shaping rituals and texts. Prolific producers of texts, Hutsuls carried on discussions that included diverse topics, such as agriculture, astrology, mass gymnastics, divine punishment, and witches and vampires. This volume covers these and other discussions in their small and exact particulars, and it investigates texts and rituals in their fullness and irreducible complexity. By crossing traditional lines of inquiry and following the region’s winding trails to their divergent ends, this book offers insight into a larger Hutsul world. Ultimately, the study of Hutsul creations informs the study of rituals and texts in many elsewheres far from the Carpathian Mountains.

Desperate Magic

Author : Valerie A. Kivelson
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801469376
Total Pages : 539 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Desperate Magic by : Valerie A. Kivelson

Download or read book Desperate Magic written by Valerie A. Kivelson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-15 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the courtrooms of seventeenth-century Russia, the great majority of those accused of witchcraft were male, in sharp contrast to the profile of accused witches across Catholic and Protestant Europe in the same period. While European courts targeted and executed overwhelmingly female suspects, often on charges of compacting with the devil, the tsars' courts vigorously pursued men and some women accused of practicing more down-to-earth magic, using poetic spells and home-grown potions. Instead of Satanism or heresy, the primary concern in witchcraft testimony in Russia involved efforts to use magic to subvert, mitigate, or avenge the harsh conditions of patriarchy, serfdom, and social hierarchy.Broadly comparative and richly illustrated with color plates, Desperate Magic places the trials of witches in the context of early modern Russian law, religion, and society. Piecing together evidence from trial records to illuminate some of the central puzzles of Muscovite history, Kivelson explores the interplay among the testimony of accusers, the leading questions of the interrogators, and the confessions of the accused. Assembled, they create a picture of a shared moral vision of the world that crossed social divides. Because of the routine use of torture in extracting and shaping confessions, Kivelson addresses methodological and ideological questions about the Muscovite courts' equation of pain and truth, questions with continuing resonance in the world today. Within a moral economy that paired unquestioned hierarchical inequities with expectations of reciprocity, magic and suspicions of magic emerged where those expectations were most egregiously violated.Witchcraft in Russia surfaces as one of the ways that oppression was contested by ordinary people scrambling to survive in a fiercely inequitable world. Masters and slaves, husbands and wives, and officers and soldiers alike believed there should be limits to exploitation and saw magic deployed at the junctures where hierarchical order veered into violent excess.

Liberals, Conservatives, and Mavericks

Author : Frank Cibulka
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 9633864585
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

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Book Synopsis Liberals, Conservatives, and Mavericks by : Frank Cibulka

Download or read book Liberals, Conservatives, and Mavericks written by Frank Cibulka and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2024-11-20 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No Church is monolithic—this is the preliminary premise of this volume on the public place of religion in a representative number of post-communist countries. The studies confirm that within any religious organization we can expect to find fissures, factions, theological or ideological quarrels, and perhaps even competing interest groups, such as missionary workers, regular clergy versus secular clergy, and sometimes even competing ecclesiastical hierarchies. The main focus of the book rests on the divisions arising within select Christian Churches, as they confront the processes of secularization and atheization. The coverage area includes Russia and the Ukraine, East-Central Europe and South-Eastern Europe. Some chapters focus on individual clergy who challenge the mainstream of their given Church either from a more liberal or from a more conservative perspective, while others deal with the divisive forces impacting the religious organizations. This festschrift to honor Sabrina Ramet’s seminal contribution to the study of religion in the politics of the communist and post-communist world, brings together several generations of scholars from a variety of countries, both those well established in their fields of study as well as young promising academics.

History of Universities

Author : Mordechai Feingold
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199668388
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis History of Universities by : Mordechai Feingold

Download or read book History of Universities written by Mordechai Feingold and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in a series of history of universities contains a mix of chapters and book reviews. The book acts as a tool for the historian of higher education. The volume combines original research and reference material. Topics include teaching and learning in the University of Bologna, religious debates in eighteenth-century University of Oxford, and Richard Bentley's intellectual genesis.

The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century

Author : Norman Housley
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317036875
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century by : Norman Housley

Download or read book The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century written by Norman Housley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly, historians acknowledge the significance of crusading activity in the fifteenth century, and they have started to explore the different ways in which it shaped contemporary European society. Just as important, however, was the range of interactions which took place between the three faith communities which were most affected by crusade, namely the Catholic and Orthodox worlds, and the adherents of Islam. Discussion of these interactions forms the theme of this book. Two essays consider the impact of the fall of Constantinople in 1453 on the conquering Ottomans and the conquered Byzantines. The next group of essays reviews different aspects of the crusading response to the Turks, ranging from Emperor Sigismund to Papal legates. The third set of contributions considers diplomatic and cultural interactions between Islam and Christianity, including attempts made to forge alliances of Christian and Muslim powers against the Ottomans. Last, a set of essays looks at what was arguably the most complex region of all for inter-faith relations, the Balkans, exploring the influence of crusading ideas in the eastern Adriatic, Bosnia and Romania. Viewed overall, this collection of essays makes a powerful contribution to breaking down the old and discredited view of monolithic and mutually exclusive "fortresses of faith". Nobody would question the extent and intensity of religious violence in fifteenth-century Europe, but this volume demonstrates that it was played out within a setting of turbulent diversity. Religious and ethnic identities were volatile, allegiances negotiable, and diplomacy, ideological exchange and human contact were constantly in operation between the period's major religious groupings.

Ukrainian Witchcraft Trials

Author : Kateryna Dysa
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 615505312X
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Ukrainian Witchcraft Trials by : Kateryna Dysa

Download or read book Ukrainian Witchcraft Trials written by Kateryna Dysa and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ukrainian Witchcraft Trials is an analysis of early modern witchcraft trials and legal procedures in Ukrainian lands, along with an examination of quantitative data drawn from the different trials. Kateryna Dysa first describes the ideological background of the tribunals based on works written by priests and theologians that reflect attitudes towards the devil and witches. The main focus of her work, however, is the process leading to witchcraft accusations. From the stories of participants of the trials she shows what led people to enunciate first suspicions then accusations of witchcraft. Finally, she presents a microhistory from one Volhynian village, comparing attitudes towards two "female crimes" in the Ukrainian courts. The study is based on archival research together with previously published witch trials transcripts. Dysa approaches the trials as indications of belief and practice, attempting to understand the actors involved rather than dismiss or condemn them. She takes care to situate Ukrainian witchcraft and its accompanying trials in a broader European context, with comparisons to some African cases as well.

Where Is History Today?

Author : Laura Mulvey
Publisher : Palacký University Olomouc
ISBN 13 : 8024447606
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (244 download)

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Book Synopsis Where Is History Today? by : Laura Mulvey

Download or read book Where Is History Today? written by Laura Mulvey and published by Palacký University Olomouc. This book was released on 2015-02-05 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History no longer belongs only to historians, but is woven into the fabric and discourse of daily life. This fresh and wide-ranging survey explores how new media and new historiographic approaches are dramatically expanding what we understand by “history” today. Controversy about the aims and limits of historical analysis has raged ever since the rise of postmodern history in the 1970s. But these debates have rarely affected the understanding of history in Central and Eastern Europe. The volume confirms the crucial importance of audiovisual and mass media, from film to television and radio to comics, but does not exclude literary scholars and art historians who are also rethinking their methods, taking note of their new consumers. If history formerly appeared to be a one-way transmission of expertise, it is increasingly a dynamic engagement between researchers and audiences.

Arabic-Type Books Printed in Wallachia, Istanbul, and Beyond

Author : Radu-Andrei Dipratu
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311106039X
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Arabic-Type Books Printed in Wallachia, Istanbul, and Beyond by : Radu-Andrei Dipratu

Download or read book Arabic-Type Books Printed in Wallachia, Istanbul, and Beyond written by Radu-Andrei Dipratu and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-01-29 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first volume of Collected Works of the ERC Project TYPARABIC focuses on the history of printing during the 18th century in the Ottoman Empire and the Romanian Principalities among diverse linguistic and confessional communities. Although "most roads lead to Istanbul," the many pathways of early modern Ottoman printing also connected authors, readers and printers from Central and South-Eastern Europe, Western Europe and the Levant. The papers included in this volume are grouped in three sections. The first focuses on the first Turkish-language press in the Ottoman capital, examining the personality and background of its founder, İbrahim Müteferrika, the legal issues it faced, and its context within the multilingual Istanbul printing world. The second section brings together studies of printing and readership in Central and South-East Europe in Romanian, Greek and Arabic. The final section is made up of studies of the Arabic liturgical and biblical texts that were the main focus of Patriarch Athanasios III Dabbās' efforts in the Romanian Principalities and Aleppo. This volume will be of interest to scholars of the history of printing, Ottoman social history, Christian Arabic literature and Eastern Orthodox liturgy.

Catholic Europe, 1592-1648

Author : Tadhg Ó hAnnracháin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199272727
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Catholic Europe, 1592-1648 by : Tadhg Ó hAnnracháin

Download or read book Catholic Europe, 1592-1648 written by Tadhg Ó hAnnracháin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catholic Europe, 1592-1648 examines the processes of Catholic renewal from a unique perspective; rather than concentrating on the much studied heartlands of Catholic Europe, it focuses primarily on a series of societies on the European periphery and examines how Catholicism adapted to very different conditions in areas such as Ireland, Britain, the Netherlands, East-Central Europe, and the Balkans. In certain of these societies, such as Austria and Bohemia, the Catholic Reformation advanced alongside very rigorous processes of state coercion. In other Habsburg territories, most notably Royal Hungary, and in Poland, Catholic monarchs were forced to deploy less confrontational methods, which nevertheless enjoyed significant measures of success. On the Western fringe of the continent, Catholic renewal recorded its greatest advances in Ireland but even in the Netherlands it maintained a significant body of adherents, despite considerable state hostility. In the Balkans, O hAnnrachain examines the manner in which the papacy invested substantially more resources and diplomatic efforts in pursuing military strategies against the Ottoman Empire than in supporting missionary and educational activity. The chronological focus of the book is also unusual because on the peripheries of Europe the timing of Catholic reform occurred differently. Catholic Europe, 1592-1648 begins with the pontificate of Clement VIII and, rather than treating religious renewal in the later sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as essentially a continuation of established patterns of reform, it argues for the need to understand the contingency of this process and its constant adaptation to contemporary events and preoccupations.