French Mediterraneans

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French Mediterraneans

Author : Patricia M. E. Lorcin
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 0803288751
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis French Mediterraneans by : Patricia M. E. Lorcin

Download or read book French Mediterraneans written by Patricia M. E. Lorcin and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2016-05 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the Mediterranean is often considered a distinct, unified space, recent scholarship on the early modern history of the sea has suggested that this perspective is essentially a Western one, devised from the vantage point of imperial power that historically patrolled the region's seas and controlled its ports. By contrast, for the peoples of its southern shores, the Mediterranean was polymorphous, shifting with the economic and seafaring exigencies of the moment. Nonetheless, by the nineteenth century the idea of a monolithic Mediterranean had either been absorbed by or imposed on the populations of the region. In French Mediterraneans editors Patricia M. E. Lorcin and Todd Shepard offer a collection of scholarship that reveals the important French element in the nineteenth- and twentieth-century creation of the singular Mediterranean. These essays provide a critical study of space and movement through new approaches to think about the maps, migrations, and margins of the sea in the French imperial and transnational context. By reconceptualizing the Mediterranean, this volume illuminates the diversity of connections between places and polities that rarely fit models of nation-state allegiances or preordained geographies.

French Mediterraneans

Author : Patricia M. E. Lorcin
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 0803288778
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis French Mediterraneans by : Patricia M. E. Lorcin

Download or read book French Mediterraneans written by Patricia M. E. Lorcin and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2016-05 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the Mediterranean is often considered a distinct, unified space, recent scholarship on the early modern history of the sea has suggested that this perspective is essentially a Western one, devised from the vantage point of imperial power that historically patrolled the region’s seas and controlled its ports. By contrast, for the peoples of its southern shores, the Mediterranean was polymorphous, shifting with the economic and seafaring exigencies of the moment. Nonetheless, by the nineteenth century the idea of a monolithic Mediterranean had either been absorbed by or imposed on the populations of the region. In French Mediterraneans editors Patricia M. E. Lorcin and Todd Shepard offer a collection of scholarship that reveals the important French element in the nineteenth- and twentieth-century creation of the singular Mediterranean. These essays provide a critical study of space and movement through new approaches to think about the maps, migrations, and margins of the sea in the French imperial and transnational context. By reconceptualizing the Mediterranean, this volume illuminates the diversity of connections between places and polities that rarely fit models of nation-state allegiances or preordained geographies.

Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports

Author : Rick Steves
Publisher : Rick Steves
ISBN 13 : 1631213822
Total Pages : 1388 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports by : Rick Steves

Download or read book Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports written by Rick Steves and published by Rick Steves. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 1388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Set sail and dive into Europe's magnificent port cities with Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports! Inside you'll find: Rick's expert advice on making the most of your time on a cruise and fully experiencing each city, with thorough coverage of 23 ports of call Practical travel strategies including how to choose and book your cruise, adjust to life on board on the ship, and save money Self-guided walks and tours of each port city so you can hit the best sights, sample authentic cuisine, and get to know the culture, even with a short amount of time Essential logistics including step-by-step instructions for arriving at each terminal, getting into town, and finding necessary services like ATMs and pharmacies Rick's reliable tips and candid advice on how to beat the crowds, skip lines, and avoid tourist traps Helpful reference photos throughout and full-color maps of each city Useful tools like mini-phrasebooks, detailed instructions for any visa requirements, hotel and airport recommendations for cruise access cities, and what to do if you miss your ship Full list of coverage: Provence, Marseille, Toulon and the Port of La Seyne-sur-Mer, Cassis, Aix-en-Provence, Nice, Villefrance-sur-Mer, Cap Ferrat, Monaco, Cannes, Antibes, Florence, Pisa, Lucca, the Port of Livorno, Rome, the Port of Civitaveccia, Naples, Sorrento, Capri, Pompeii, Herculaneum, the Amalfi Coast, Venice, Split, Dubrovnik, Athens, the Port of Piraeus, Mykonos, Santorini, Corfu, Olympia and the Port of Katakolo, Crete and the Port of Heraklion, Rhodes, Istanbul, Ephesus, and The Port of Kusadasi Maximize your time and savor every moment in port with Rick's practical tips, thoughtful advice, and reliable expertise. Heading north? Pick up Rick Steves Scandinavian & Northern European Cruise Ports.

The French of Outremer

Author : Laura K. Morreale
Publisher : Fordham Univ Press
ISBN 13 : 0823278174
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (232 download)

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Book Synopsis The French of Outremer by : Laura K. Morreale

Download or read book The French of Outremer written by Laura K. Morreale and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The establishment of feudal principalities in the Levant in the wake of the First Crusade (1095-1099) saw the beginning of a centuries-long process of conquest and colonization of lands in the eastern Mediterranean by French-speaking Europeans. This book examines different aspects of the life and literary culture associated with this French-speaking society. It is the first study of the crusades to bring questions of language and culture so intimately into conversation. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the crusader settlements in the Levant, this book emphasizes hybridity and innovation, the movement of words and people across boundaries, seas and continents, and the negotiation of identity in a world tied partly to Europe but thoroughly embedded in the Mediterranean and Levantine context.

Nomad's Land

Author : Andrea E. Duffy
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 1496219163
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis Nomad's Land by : Andrea E. Duffy

Download or read book Nomad's Land written by Andrea E. Duffy and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2019-12-01 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the nineteenth century, the development and codification of forest science in France were closely linked to Provence's time-honored tradition of mobile pastoralism, which formed a major part of the economy. At the beginning of the century, pastoralism also featured prominently in the economies and social traditions of North Africa and southwestern Anatolia until French forest agents implemented ideas and practices for forest management in these areas aimed largely at regulating and marginalizing Mediterranean mobile pastoral traditions. These practices changed not only landscapes but also the social order of these three Mediterranean societies and the nature of French colonial administration. In Nomad's Land Andrea E. Duffy investigates the relationship between Mediterranean mobile pastoralism and nineteenth-century French forestry through case studies in Provence, French colonial Algeria, and Ottoman Anatolia. By restricting the use of shared spaces, foresters helped bring the populations of Provence and Algeria under the control of the state, and French scientific forestry became a medium for state initiatives to sedentarize mobile pastoral groups in Anatolia. Locals responded through petitions, arson, violence, compromise, and adaptation. Duffy shows that French efforts to promote scientific forestry both internally and abroad were intimately tied to empire building and paralleled the solidification of Western narratives condemning the pastoral tradition, leading to sometimes tragic outcomes for both the environment and pastoralists.

Mediterraneans

Author : Julia A. Clancy-Smith
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520274431
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Mediterraneans by : Julia A. Clancy-Smith

Download or read book Mediterraneans written by Julia A. Clancy-Smith and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2012-09-30 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Mediterraneans' offers an account of migration from Southern Europe to North Africa during the 19th century, especially to what became Tunisia.

Mediterranean Summer

Author : David Shalleck
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0767930231
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (679 download)

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Book Synopsis Mediterranean Summer by : David Shalleck

Download or read book Mediterranean Summer written by David Shalleck and published by Crown. This book was released on 2008-06-10 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An alluring, evocative summer voyage on the Mediterranean and into the enchanting seaside towns of France and Italy by a young American chef aboard an Italian billionaire couple’s spectacular sailing yacht. Having begun his cooking career in some of New York’s and San Francisco’s best restaurants, David Shalleck undertakes a European culinary adventure, a quest to discover what it really means to be a chef through a series of demanding internships in Provence and throughout Italy. After four years, as he debates whether it is finally time to return stateside and pursue something more permanent, he stumbles upon a rare opportunity: to become the chef on board Serenity, the classic sailing yacht owned by one of Italy’s most prominent couples. They present Shalleck with the ultimate challenge: to prepare all the meals for them and their guests for the summer, with no repeats, comprised exclusively of local ingredients that reflect the flavors of each port, presented flawlessly to the couple’s uncompromising taste—all from the confines of the yacht’s small galley while at sea. Shalleck invites readers to experience both place and food on Serenity’s five-month journey. He prepares the simple classics of Provençal cooking in the French Riviera, forages for delicate frutti di mare in Liguria to make crudo, finds the freshest fish along the Tuscan coast for cacciucco, embraces the season of sun-drenched tomatoes for acqua pazza in the Amalfi Coast, and crosses the Bay of Naples to serve decadent dark chocolate-almond cake at the Isle of Capri. Shalleck captures the distinctive sights, sounds, and unique character of each port, the work hard/play hard life of being a crew member, and the challenges of producing world-class cuisine for the stylish and demanding owners and their guests. An intimate view of the most exclusive of worlds, Mediterranean Summer offers readers a new perspective on breathtaking places, a memorable portrait of old world elegance and life at sea, as well recipes and tips to re-create the delectable food.

The Transcontinental Maghreb

Author : Edwige Tamalet Talbayev
Publisher : Fordham Univ Press
ISBN 13 : 0823275175
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (232 download)

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Book Synopsis The Transcontinental Maghreb by : Edwige Tamalet Talbayev

Download or read book The Transcontinental Maghreb written by Edwige Tamalet Talbayev and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The writer Gabriel Audisio once called the Mediterranean a “liquid continent.” Taking up the challenge issued by Audisio’s phrase, Edwige Tamalet Talbayev insists that we understand the region on both sides of the Mediterranean through a “transcontinental” heuristic. Rather than merely read the Maghreb in the context of its European colonizers from across the Mediterranean, Talbayev compellingly argues for a transmaritime deployment of the Maghreb across the multiple Mediterranean sites to which it has been materially and culturally bound for millennia. The Transcontinental Maghreb reveals these Mediterranean imaginaries to intersect with Maghrebi claims to an inclusive, democratic national ideal yet to be realized. Through a sustained reflection on allegory and critical melancholia, the book shows how the Mediterranean decenters postcolonial nation-building projects and mediates the nomadic subject’s reinsertion into a national collective respectful of heterogeneity. In engaging the space of the sea, the hybridity it produces, and the way it has shaped such historical dynamics as globalization, imperialism, decolonization, and nationalism, the book rethinks the very nature of postcolonial histories and identities along its shores.

Flavors from the French Mediterranean

Author : Gerald Passedat
Publisher : Rizzoli Publications
ISBN 13 : 2080203959
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Flavors from the French Mediterranean by : Gerald Passedat

Download or read book Flavors from the French Mediterranean written by Gerald Passedat and published by Rizzoli Publications. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Michelin three-star French chef divulges how to make eighty classic Mediterranean recipes at home. Overlooking the sparkling Mediterranean Sea, chef Gérald Passédat draws inspiration from the abundance of local seafood, sun-ripened vegetables, fragrant herbs, and sumptuous wines. Photographs of his beautifully prepared recipes are complemented by the spectacular land- and seascapes of the south of France--rolling vineyards, olive groves, shady terraces, bustling summer markets, and medieval towns aglow in the warm golden light of afternoon sun.The Mediterranean diet is the world's healthiest delicious cuisine, and chef Passédat shares eighty of his classic, generous, and easy-to-prepare recipes that celebrate fresh produce and an overall healthy lifestyle. Appetizers include Provençal-style stuffed vegetables, homemade tabbouleh, pizzas and pissaladières, squid marinades, and delicious fresh salads. Main courses range from gnocchi, herbed meatballs, roasted duck, and spelt risotto to the region's famous bouillabaisse fish stew. Desserts include fruit and verbena soup, roasted figs, or a bright lemon tart. Chef Passédat earned the famed Michelin guide's highest honor, a three-star rating, in 2008--one of only twenty-seven chefs in France and 117 in the world to enjoy such a distinction. Here, he divulges his tips and tricks garnered over nearly four decades in the kitchen along with suggested wine pairings for each dish.

Imperial Unknowns

Author : Cornel Zwierlein
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107166446
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Imperial Unknowns by : Cornel Zwierlein

Download or read book Imperial Unknowns written by Cornel Zwierlein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-19 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the intersection of the history of knowledge and science, of European trade empires and the Mediterranean, this major empirical study presents a new method for understanding the history of ignorance across politics, religion, history and science during the early Enlightenment.

American Mediterraneans

Author : Susan Gillman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226819663
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis American Mediterraneans by : Susan Gillman

Download or read book American Mediterraneans written by Susan Gillman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-05-20 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this book, Susan Gillman uncovers the ways that geographers and historians, novelists and travel writers, used "American Mediterranean" as a formula from the early nineteenth century to the 1970s. She asks what cultural work is done by this kind of unsystematic, hypothetical, even open-ended comparative thinking. Although "American Mediterranean" is not a household term in the United States today, it once circulated widely in French, Spanish, and English. Gillman tracks two centuries of this geohistorical concept across different networks of writers: from nineteenth-century geographers to writers of the 1890s who reflected on the Pacific world of Southern California, and to literary writers and thinkers of the 1930s and 40s who drew on this comparative tradition to speculate on the political past and future of the Caribbean. As Gillman shows, all these figures grappled with the American legacies of European imperialism and slavery. Following the term through its travels across disciplines and borders, Gillman reveals a little-known racialized history, both long-lasting and fleeting, one that paradoxically appealed to a range of race-neutral ideas and ideals. American Mediterraneans adds and explicates a new element in the stock of race discourses in the Americas"--

The Narrative Mediterranean

Author : Claudia Esposito
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739168223
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis The Narrative Mediterranean by : Claudia Esposito

Download or read book The Narrative Mediterranean written by Claudia Esposito and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2013-11-29 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Narrative Mediterranean: Beyond France and the Maghreb examines literary texts by writers from the Maghreb and positions them in direct relation to increasingly querulous debates on the shifting identity of the modern Mediterranean. This book argues that reading works by writers such as Albert Camus and Tahar Ben Jelloun alongside authors such as Fawzi Mellah and Mahi Binebine in a transnational rather than binary interpretive framework transcends a colonial and postcolonial bind in which France is the dominant point of reference. While focusing on works in French, this book also examines Maghrebi authors who write in Italian. The texts examined in The Narrative Mediterranean critique narrow identitarian labeling, warn against sectarianism, and announce the necessity of multiple forms of translation and historical rewritings. Their modes of expression differ as they range from poetic to baroque to realist, as do their concerns, which include –but are not limited to—the human condition, gender identity, and emigration. Claudia Esposito explains how these writers operate between and outside the confines of several nations, tracing imagined affiliative horizons, and consequently address questions of multiple forms of cultural, political, sexual and existential belonging. Esposito convincingly demonstrates that in a Mediterranean context, moving between nations means to be in both foreign and familiar physical, affective and intellectual spaces.

Captives and Corsairs

Author : Gillian Weiss
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804777845
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Captives and Corsairs by : Gillian Weiss

Download or read book Captives and Corsairs written by Gillian Weiss and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-11 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Captives and Corsairs uncovers a forgotten story in the history of relations between the West and Islam: three centuries of Muslim corsair raids on French ships and shores and the resulting captivity of tens of thousands of French subjects and citizens in North Africa. Through an analysis of archival materials, writings, and images produced by contemporaries, the book fundamentally revises our picture of France's emergence as a nation and a colonial power, presenting the Mediterranean as an essential vantage point for studying the rise of France. It reveals how efforts to liberate slaves from North Africa shaped France's perceptions of the Muslim world and of their own "Frenchness". From around 1550 to 1830, freeing these captives evolved from an expression of Christian charity to a method of state building and, eventually, to a rationale for imperial expansion. Captives and Corsairs thus advances new arguments about the fluid nature of slavery and firmly links captive redemption to state formation—and in turn to the still vital ideology of liberatory conquest.

Empire and Catastrophe

Author : Spencer D. Segalla
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781496237736
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (377 download)

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Book Synopsis Empire and Catastrophe by : Spencer D. Segalla

Download or read book Empire and Catastrophe written by Spencer D. Segalla and published by . This book was released on 2023-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empire and Catastrophe examines natural and anthropogenic disasters during the years of decolonization in Algeria, Morocco, and France and explores how environmental catastrophes both shaped and were shaped by struggles over the dissolution of France's empire in North Africa. Four disasters make up the core of the book: the 1954 earthquake in Algeria's Chélif Valley, just weeks before the onset of the Algerian Revolution; a mass poisoning in Morocco in 1959 caused by toxic substances from an American military base; the 1959 Malpasset Dam collapse in Fréjus, France, which devastated the town's Algerian immigrant community but which was blamed on Algerian sabotage; and the 1960 earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, which set off a public relations war between the United States, France, and the Soviet Union and which ignited a Moroccan national debate over modernity, identity, architecture, and urban planning. Interrogating distinctions between agent and environment and between political and environmental violence through the lenses of state archives and through the remembered experiences and literary representations of disaster survivors, Spencer D. Segalla argues for the integration of environmental events into narratives of political and cultural decolonization.

Mediterranean Encounters

Author : Fariba Zarinebaf
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520964314
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Mediterranean Encounters by : Fariba Zarinebaf

Download or read book Mediterranean Encounters written by Fariba Zarinebaf and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mediterranean Encounters traces the layered history of Galata—a Mediterranean and Black Sea port—to the Ottoman conquest, and its transformation into a hub of European trade and diplomacy as well as a pluralist society of the early modern period. Framing the history of Ottoman-European encounters within the institution of ahdnames (commercial and diplomatic treaties), this thoughtful book offers a critical perspective on the existing scholarship. For too long, the Ottoman empire has been defined as an absolutist military power driven by religious conviction, culturally and politically apart from the rest of Europe, and devoid of a commercial policy. By taking a close look at Galata, Fariba Zarinebaf provides a different approach based on a history of commerce, coexistence, competition, and collaboration through the lens of Ottoman legal records, diplomatic correspondence, and petitions. She shows that this port was just as cosmopolitan and pluralist as any large European port and argues that the Ottoman world was not peripheral to European modernity but very much part of it.

Medieval Iberian Crusade Fiction and the Mediterranean World

Author : David A. Wacks
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1487505019
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (875 download)

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Book Synopsis Medieval Iberian Crusade Fiction and the Mediterranean World by : David A. Wacks

Download or read book Medieval Iberian Crusade Fiction and the Mediterranean World written by David A. Wacks and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reading crusader fiction against the backdrop of Mediterranean history, this book explains how Iberian authors reimagined the idea of crusade through the lens of Iberian geopolitics and social history. The crusades transformed Mediterranean history and inaugurated complex engagements between Western Europe, the Balkans, North Africa, and the Middle East in ways that endure to this day. Narratives of crusades powerfully shaped European thinking about the East and continue to influence the representation of interactions between Christian and Muslim states in the region. The crusade, a French idea that gave rise to Iberian, North African, and Levantine campaigns, was very much a Mediterranean phenomenon. French and English authors wrote itineraries in the Holy Land, chronicles of the crusades, and fanciful accounts of Christian knights who championed the Latin Church in the East. This study aims to explore the ways in which Iberian authors imagined their role in the culture of crusade, both as participants and interpreters of narrative traditions of the crusading world from north of the Pyrenees.

Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean

Author : Carolina López-Ruiz
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674269950
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean by : Carolina López-Ruiz

Download or read book Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean written by Carolina López-Ruiz and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An important new book...offers a powerful call for historians of the ancient Mediterranean to consider their implicit biases in writing ancient history and it provides an example of how more inclusive histories may be written.” —Denise Demetriou, New England Classical Journal “With a light touch and a masterful command of the literature, López-Ruiz replaces old ideas with a subtle and more accurate account of the extensive cross-cultural exchange patterns and economy driven by the Phoenician trade networks that ‘re-wired’ the Mediterranean world. A must read.” —J. G. Manning, author of The Open Sea “[A] substantial and important contribution...to the ancient history of the Mediterranean. López-Ruiz’s work does justice to the Phoenicians’ role in shaping Mediterranean culture by providing rational and factual argumentation and by setting the record straight.” —Hélène Sader, Bryn Mawr Classical Review Imagine you are a traveler sailing to the major cities around the Mediterranean in 750 BC. You would notice a remarkable similarity in the dress, alphabet, consumer goods, and gods from Gibraltar to Tyre. This was not the Greek world—it was the Phoenician. Propelled by technological advancements of a kind unseen since the Neolithic revolution, Phoenicians knit together diverse Mediterranean societies, fostering a literate and sophisticated urban elite sharing common cultural, economic, and aesthetic modes. Following the trail of the Phoenicians from the Levant to the Atlantic coast of Iberia, Carolina López-Ruiz offers the first comprehensive study of the cultural exchange that transformed the Mediterranean in the eighth and seventh centuries BC. Greeks, Etruscans, Sardinians, Iberians, and others adopted a Levantine-inflected way of life, as they aspired to emulate Near Eastern civilizations. López-Ruiz explores these many inheritances, from sphinxes and hieratic statues to ivories, metalwork, volute capitals, inscriptions, and Ashtart iconography. Meticulously documented and boldly argued, Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean revises the Hellenocentric model of the ancient world and restores from obscurity the true role of Near Eastern societies in the history of early civilizations.