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Freedom's Racial Frontier

Author : Herbert G. Ruffin
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806161248
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Freedom's Racial Frontier by : Herbert G. Ruffin

Download or read book Freedom's Racial Frontier written by Herbert G. Ruffin and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1940 and 2010, the black population of the American West grew from 710,400 to 7 million. With that explosive growth has come a burgeoning interest in the history of the African American West—an interest reflected in the remarkable range and depth of the works collected in Freedom’s Racial Frontier. Editors Herbert G. Ruffin II and Dwayne A. Mack have gathered established and emerging scholars in the field to create an anthology that links past, current, and future generations of African American West scholarship. The volume’s sixteen chapters address the African American experience within the framework of the West as a multicultural frontier. The result is a fresh perspective on western-U.S. history, centered on the significance of African American life, culture, and social justice in almost every trans-Mississippi state. Examining and interpreting the twentieth century while mindful of events and developments since 2000, the contributors focus on community formation, cultural diversity, civil rights and black empowerment, and artistic creativity and identity. Reflecting the dynamic evolution of new approaches and new sites of knowledge in the field of western history, the authors consider its interconnections with fields such as cultural studies, literature, and sociology. Some essays deal with familiar places, while others look at understudied sites such as Albuquerque, Oahu, and Las Vegas, Nevada. By examining black suburbanization, the Information Age, and gentrification in the urban West, several authors conceive of a Third Great Migration of African Americans to and within the West. The West revealed in Freedom’s Racial Frontier is a place where black Americans have fought—and continue to fight—to make their idea of freedom live up to their expectations of equality; a place where freedom is still a frontier for most persons of African heritage.

Frontiers of Freedom

Author : Nikki Marie Taylor
Publisher : Ohio University Press
ISBN 13 : 0821415794
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontiers of Freedom by : Nikki Marie Taylor

Download or read book Frontiers of Freedom written by Nikki Marie Taylor and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nineteenth-century Cincinnati was northern in its geography, southern in its economy and politics, and western in its commercial aspirations. While those identities presented a crossroad of opportunity for native whites and immigrants, African Americans endured economic repression and a denial of civil rights, compounded by extreme and frequent mob violence. No other northern city rivaled Cincinnati's vicious mob spirit. Frontiers of Freedom follows the black community as it moved from alienation and vulnerability in the 1820s toward collective consciousness and, eventually, political self-respect and self-determination. As author Nikki M. Taylor points out, this was a community that at times supported all-black communities, armed self-defense, and separate, but independent, black schools. Black Cincinnati's strategies to gain equality and citizenship were as dynamic as they were effective. When the black community united in armed defense of its homes and property during an 1841 mob attack, it demonstrated that it was no longer willing to be exiled from the city as it had been in 1829. Frontiers of Freedom chronicles alternating moments of triumph and tribulation, of pride and pain; but more than anything, it chronicles the resilience of the black community in a particularly difficult urban context at a defining moment in American history.

Freedom's Frontier

Author : Stacey L. Smith
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469607697
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Freedom's Frontier by : Stacey L. Smith

Download or read book Freedom's Frontier written by Stacey L. Smith and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2013-08-12 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most histories of the Civil War era portray the struggle over slavery as a conflict that exclusively pitted North against South, free labor against slave labor, and black against white. In Freedom's Frontier, Stacey L. Smith examines the battle over slavery as it unfolded on the multiracial Pacific Coast. Despite its antislavery constitution, California was home to a dizzying array of bound and semibound labor systems: African American slavery, American Indian indenture, Latino and Chinese contract labor, and a brutal sex traffic in bound Indian and Chinese women. Using untapped legislative and court records, Smith reconstructs the lives of California's unfree workers and documents the political and legal struggles over their destiny as the nation moved through the Civil War, emancipation, and Reconstruction. Smith reveals that the state's anti-Chinese movement, forged in its struggle over unfree labor, reached eastward to transform federal Reconstruction policy and national race relations for decades to come. Throughout, she illuminates the startling ways in which the contest over slavery's fate included a western struggle that encompassed diverse labor systems and workers not easily classified as free or slave, black or white.

Bright Radical Star

Author : Robert R. Dykstra
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674081802
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (818 download)

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Book Synopsis Bright Radical Star by : Robert R. Dykstra

Download or read book Bright Radical Star written by Robert R. Dykstra and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bright Radical Star traces the evolution of frontier Iowa from arguably the most racist free state in the antebellum Union to one of its most outspokenly egalitarian, linking these midwesterners' extraordinary collective behavior with the psychology and sociology of race relations. Diverse personalities from a variety of political cultures--Yankees and New Yorkers, Pennsylvanians and Ohioans, Southerners from Virginia and Maryland and North Carolina, immigrant Irish, Germans, Scandinavians--illuminate this saga, which begins in 1833 with Iowa officially opened to settlement, and continues through 1880, the end of the pioneer era. Within this half-century, the number of Iowans acknowledging the justice of black civil equality rose dramatically from a handful of obscure village evangelicals to a demonstrated majority of the Hawkeye State's political elite and electorate. How this came about is explained for the first time by Robert Dykstra, whose narrative reflects the latest precepts and methods of social, legal, constitutional, and political history. Based largely on an exhaustive use of local resources, the book also offers cutting-edge quantitative analysis of Iowa's three great equal rights referendums, one held just before the war, one just after, and one at the close of Reconstruction. The book will appeal to American historians, especially to historians of the frontier, the Civil War era, and African-American history; sociologists and others interested in historical perspectives on race relations in America will find it both stimulating and useful.

In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West 1528-1990

Author : Quintard Taylor
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393318893
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (933 download)

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Book Synopsis In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West 1528-1990 by : Quintard Taylor

Download or read book In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West 1528-1990 written by Quintard Taylor and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1999-05-17 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American West is mistakenly known as a region with few African Americans and virtually no black history. This work challenges that view in a chronicle that begins in 1528 and carries through to the present-day black success in politics and the surging interest in multiculturalism.

Frontier of Freedom

Author : Lisa Yount
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780816033720
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (337 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontier of Freedom by : Lisa Yount

Download or read book Frontier of Freedom written by Lisa Yount and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recounts the stories of African Americans who participated in settling the West

Free Frank

Author : Juliet E.K. Walker
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813184150
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Free Frank by : Juliet E.K. Walker

Download or read book Free Frank written by Juliet E.K. Walker and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of Free Frank is not only a testament to human courage and resourcefulness but affords new insight into the American frontier. Born a slave in the South Carolina piedmont in 1777, Frank died a free man in 1854 in a town he had founded in western Illinois. His accomplishments, creditable for any frontiersman, were for a black man extraordinary. We first learn details of Frank's life when in 1795 his owner moved to Pulaski County, Kentucky. We know that he married Lucy, a slave on a neighboring farm, in 1799. Later he was allowed to hire out his time, and when his owner moved to Tennessee, Frank was left in charge of the Kentucky farm. During the War of 1812, he set up his own saltpeter works, an enterprise he maintained until he left Kentucky. In 1817 he purchased his wife's freedom for $800; two years later he bought his own liberty for the same price. Now free, he expanded his activities, purchasing land and dealing in livestock. With his wife and four of his children, Free Frank left Kentucky in 1830 to settle on a new frontier. In Pike County, Illinois, he purchased a farm and later, in 1836, platted and successfully promoted the town of New Philadelphia. The desire for freedom was an obvious spur to his commercial efforts. Through his lifetime of work he purchased the liberty of sixteen members of his family at a cost of nearly $14,000. Goods and services commanded a premium in the life of the frontier. Free Frank's career shows what an exceptional man, through working against great odds, could accomplish through industry, acumen, and aggressiveness. His story suggests a great deal about business activity and legal practices, as well as racial conditions, on the frontier. Juliet Walker has performed a task of historical detection in recreating the life of Free Frank from family traditions, limited personal papers, public documents, and secondary sources. In doing so, she has added a significant chapter to the history of African Americans.

Sweet Freedom's Plains

Author : Shirley Ann Wilson Moore
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806156864
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Sweet Freedom's Plains by : Shirley Ann Wilson Moore

Download or read book Sweet Freedom's Plains written by Shirley Ann Wilson Moore and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2016-10-20 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The westward migration of nearly half a million Americans in the mid-nineteenth century looms large in U.S. history. Classic images of rugged Euro-Americans traversing the plains in their prairie schooners still stir the popular imagination. But this traditional narrative, no matter how alluring, falls short of the actual—and far more complex—reality of the overland trails. Among the diverse peoples who converged on the western frontier were African American pioneers—men, women, and children. Whether enslaved or free, they too were involved in this transformative movement. Sweet Freedom’s Plains is a powerful retelling of the migration story from their perspective. Tracing the journeys of black overlanders who traveled the Mormon, California, Oregon, and other trails, Shirley Ann Wilson Moore describes in vivid detail what they left behind, what they encountered along the way, and what they expected to find in their new, western homes. She argues that African Americans understood advancement and prosperity in ways unique to their situation as an enslaved and racially persecuted people, even as they shared many of the same hopes and dreams held by their white contemporaries. For African Americans, the journey westward marked the beginning of liberation and transformation. At the same time, black emigrants’ aspirations often came into sharp conflict with real-world conditions in the West. Although many scholars have focused on African Americans who settled in the urban West, their early trailblazing voyages into the Oregon Country, Utah Territory, New Mexico Territory, and California deserve greater attention. Having combed censuses, maps, government documents, and white overlanders’ diaries, along with the few accounts written by black overlanders or passed down orally to their living descendants, Moore gives voice to the countless, mostly anonymous black men and women who trekked the plains and mountains. Sweet Freedom’s Plains places African American overlanders where they belong—at the center of the western migration narrative. Their experiences and perspectives enhance our understanding of this formative period in American history.

Degrees of Freedom

Author : William D. Green
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452944431
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

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Book Synopsis Degrees of Freedom by : William D. Green

Download or read book Degrees of Freedom written by William D. Green and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The true story, and the black citizens, behind the evolution of racial equality in Minnesota He had just given a rousing speech to a packed assembly in St. Paul, but Frederick Douglass, confidant to the Great Emancipator and conscience of the Republican Party, was denied a hotel room because he was black. This was Minnesota in 1873, four years after the state had approved black suffrage—a state where “freedom” meant being unshackled from slavery but not social restrictions, where “equality” meant access to the ballot but not to a restaurant downtown. Spanning the half-century after the Civil War, Degrees of Freedom draws a rare picture of black experience in a northern state and of the nature of black discontent and action within a predominantly white, ostensibly progressive society. William D. Green reveals little-known historical characters among the black men and women who moved to Minnesota following the Fifteenth Amendment; worked as farmhands and laborers; built communities (such as Pig’s Eye Landing, later renamed St. Paul), businesses, and a newspaper (the Western Appeal); and embodied the slow but inexorable advancement of race relations in the state over time. Within this absorbing, often surprising, narrative we meet “ordinary” citizens, like former slave and early settler Jim Thompson and black barbers catering to a white clientele, but also personages of national stature, such as Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and W. E. B. Du Bois, all of whom championed civil rights in Minnesota. And we see how, in a state where racial prejudice and oppression wore a liberal mask, black settlers and entrepreneurs, politicians, and activists maneuvered within a restricted political arena to bring about real and lasting change.

The End of the Myth

Author : Greg Grandin
Publisher : Metropolitan Books
ISBN 13 : 1250179815
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis The End of the Myth by : Greg Grandin

Download or read book The End of the Myth written by Greg Grandin and published by Metropolitan Books. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WINNER OF THE PULITZER PRIZE A new and eye-opening interpretation of the meaning of the frontier, from early westward expansion to Trump’s border wall. Ever since this nation’s inception, the idea of an open and ever-expanding frontier has been central to American identity. Symbolizing a future of endless promise, it was the foundation of the United States’ belief in itself as an exceptional nation – democratic, individualistic, forward-looking. Today, though, America hasa new symbol: the border wall. In The End of the Myth, acclaimed historian Greg Grandin explores the meaning of the frontier throughout the full sweep of U.S. history – from the American Revolution to the War of 1898, the New Deal to the election of 2016. For centuries, he shows, America’s constant expansion – fighting wars and opening markets – served as a “gate of escape,” helping to deflect domestic political and economic conflicts outward. But this deflection meant that the country’s problems, from racism to inequality, were never confronted directly. And now, the combined catastrophe of the 2008 financial meltdown and our unwinnable wars in the Middle East have slammed this gate shut, bringing political passions that had long been directed elsewhere back home. It is this new reality, Grandin says, that explains the rise of reactionary populism and racist nationalism, the extreme anger and polarization that catapulted Trump to the presidency. The border wall may or may not be built, but it will survive as a rallying point, an allegorical tombstone marking the end of American exceptionalism.

The Frontier Against Slavery

Author : Eugene H. Berwanger
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 9780252070563
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis The Frontier Against Slavery by : Eugene H. Berwanger

Download or read book The Frontier Against Slavery written by Eugene H. Berwanger and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eugene H. Berwanger's study of anti-slavery sentiment in the antebellum West is as resoundingly important now, in a new paperback edition, as when first published in 1967. In The Frontier against Slavery, Berwanger attributes the social and political climates of the states and territories Ohio River Valley pioneers settled before 1860 to racial prejudice. Drawing from newspaper accounts, political speeches, correspondence, and legal documents, Berwanger reveals that the whites-only sentiments of the pioneers, rather than humanitarian concern for African Americans, limited the expansion of slavery. This whites-only prejudice shaped laws in the majority of western states and territories that excluded all African Americans, enslaved or free, from citizenship, evidencing the deep-rooted discrimination of political leaders and pioneers.

Bound for Freedom

Author : Douglas Flamming
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520239199
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Bound for Freedom by : Douglas Flamming

Download or read book Bound for Freedom written by Douglas Flamming and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2005-01-24 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A definitive, illustrated account of Los Angeles's black community in the half century before World War I details African-American community life and political activism during the city's transformation from a small town to a sprawling metropolis.

Black Americans and the Civil Rights Movement in the West

Author : Bruce A. Glasrud
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806163488
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Americans and the Civil Rights Movement in the West by : Bruce A. Glasrud

Download or read book Black Americans and the Civil Rights Movement in the West written by Bruce A. Glasrud and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1927, Beatrice Cannady succeeded in removing racist language from the Oregon Constitution. During World War II, Rowena Moore fought for the right of black women to work in Omaha’s meat packinghouses. In 1942, Thelma Paige used the courts to equalize the salaries of black and white schoolteachers across Texas. In 1950 Lucinda Todd of Topeka laid the groundwork for the landmark Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education. These actions—including sit-ins long before the Greensboro sit-ins of 1960—occurred well beyond the borders of the American South and East, regions most known as the home of the civil rights movement. By considering social justice efforts in western cities and states, Black Americans and the Civil Rights Movement in the West convincingly integrates the West into the historical narrative of black Americans’ struggle for civil rights. From Iowa and Minnesota to the Pacific Northwest, and from Texas to the Dakotas, black westerners initiated a wide array of civil rights activities in the early to late twentieth century. Connected to national struggles as much as they were tailored to local situations, these efforts predated or prefigured events in the East and South. In this collection, editors Bruce A. Glasrud and Cary D. Wintz bring these moments into sharp focus, as the contributors note the ways in which the racial and ethnic diversity of the West shaped a specific kind of African American activism. Concentrating on the far West, the mountain states, the desert Southwest, the upper Midwest, and states both southern and western, the contributors examine black westerners’ responses to racism in its various manifestations, whether as school segregation in Dallas, job discrimination in Seattle, or housing bias in San Francisco. Together their essays establish in unprecedented detail how efforts to challenge discrimination impacted and changed the West and ultimately the United States.

Race to the Frontier

Author : John Van Houten Dippel
Publisher : Algora Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0875864244
Total Pages : 702 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (758 download)

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Book Synopsis Race to the Frontier by : John Van Houten Dippel

Download or read book Race to the Frontier written by John Van Houten Dippel and published by Algora Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents available via the World Wide Web.

Making Black Los Angeles

Author : Marne L. Campbell
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469629283
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Black Los Angeles by : Marne L. Campbell

Download or read book Making Black Los Angeles written by Marne L. Campbell and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Los Angeles started small. The first census of the newly formed Los Angeles County in 1850 recorded only twelve Americans of African descent alongside a population of more than 3,500 Anglo Americans. Over the following seventy years, however, the African American founding families of Los Angeles forged a vibrant community within the increasingly segregated and stratified city. In this book, historian Marne L. Campbell examines the intersections of race, class, and gender to produce a social history of community formation and cultural expression in Los Angeles. Expanding on the traditional narrative of middle-class uplift, Campbell demonstrates that the black working class, largely through the efforts of women, fought to secure their own economic and social freedom by forging communal bonds with black elites and other communities of color. This women-led, black working-class agency and cross-racial community building, Campbell argues, was markedly more successful in Los Angeles than in any other region in the country. Drawing from an extensive database of all African American households between 1850 and 1910, Campbell vividly tells the story of how middle-class African Americans were able to live, work, and establish a community of their own in the growing city of Los Angeles.

The Bone and Sinew of the Land

Author : Anna-Lisa Cox
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 1610398114
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bone and Sinew of the Land by : Anna-Lisa Cox

Download or read book The Bone and Sinew of the Land written by Anna-Lisa Cox and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-hidden stories of America's black pioneers, the frontier they settled, and their fight for the heart of the nation When black settlers Keziah and Charles Grier started clearing their frontier land in 1818, they couldn't know that they were part of the nation's earliest struggle for equality; they were just looking to build a better life. But within a few years, the Griers would become early Underground Railroad conductors, joining with fellow pioneers and other allies to confront the growing tyranny of bondage and injustice. The Bone and Sinew of the Land tells the Griers' story and the stories of many others like them: the lost history of the nation's first Great Migration. In building hundreds of settlements on the frontier, these black pioneers were making a stand for equality and freedom. Their new home, the Northwest Territory--the wild region that would become present-day Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin--was the first territory to ban slavery and have equal voting rights for all men. Though forgotten today, in their own time the successes of these pioneers made them the targets of racist backlash. Political and even armed battles soon ensued, tearing apart families and communities long before the Civil War. This groundbreaking work of research reveals America's forgotten frontier, where these settlers were inspired by the belief that all men are created equal and a brighter future was possible. Named one of Smithsonian's Best History Books of 2018

A Fluid Frontier

Author : Karolyn Smardz Frost
Publisher : Wayne State University Press
ISBN 13 : 0814339603
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis A Fluid Frontier by : Karolyn Smardz Frost

Download or read book A Fluid Frontier written by Karolyn Smardz Frost and published by Wayne State University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-15 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the major gateway into British North America for travelers on the Underground Railroad, the U.S./Canadian border along the Detroit River was a boundary that determined whether thousands of enslaved people of African descent could reach a place of freedom and opportunity. In A Fluid Frontier: Slavery, Resistance, and the Underground Railroad in the Detroit River Borderland, editors Karolyn Smardz Frost and Veta Smith Tucker explore the experiences of the area’s freedom-seekers and advocates, both black and white, against the backdrop of the social forces—legal, political, social, religious, and economic—that shaped the meaning of race and management of slavery on both sides of the river. In five parts, contributors trace the beginnings of and necessity for transnational abolitionist activism in this unique borderland, and the legal and political pressures, coupled with African Americans’ irrepressible quest for freedom, that led to the growth of the Underground Railroad. A Fluid Frontier details the founding of African Canadian settlements in the Detroit River region in the first decades of the nineteenth century with a focus on the strong and enduring bonds of family, faith, and resistance that formed between communities in Michigan and what is now Ontario. New scholarship offers unique insight into the early history of slavery and resistance in the region and describes individual journeys: the perilous crossing into Canada of sixteen-year-old Caroline Quarlls, who was enslaved by her own aunt and uncle; the escape of the Crosswhite family, who eluded slave catchers in Marshall, Michigan, with the help of others in the town; and the international crisis sparked by the escape of Lucie and Thornton Blackburn and others. With a foreword by David W. Blight, A Fluid Frontier is a truly bi-national collection, with contributors and editors evenly split between specialists in Canadian and American history, representing both community and academic historians. Scholars of the Underground Railroad as well as those in borderland studies will appreciate the interdisciplinary mix and unique contributions of this volume.