Free People Of Color

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North Carolina’s Free People of Color, 1715–1885

Author : Warren Eugene Milteer Jr.
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807173789
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis North Carolina’s Free People of Color, 1715–1885 by : Warren Eugene Milteer Jr.

Download or read book North Carolina’s Free People of Color, 1715–1885 written by Warren Eugene Milteer Jr. and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In North Carolina’s Free People of Color, 1715–1885, Warren Eugene Milteer Jr. examines the lives of free persons categorized by their communities as “negroes,” “mulattoes,” “mustees,” “Indians,” “mixed-bloods,” or simply “free people of color.” From the colonial period through Reconstruction, lawmakers passed legislation that curbed the rights and privileges of these non-enslaved residents, from prohibiting their testimony against whites to barring them from the ballot box. While such laws suggest that most white North Carolinians desired to limit the freedoms and civil liberties enjoyed by free people of color, Milteer reveals that the two groups often interacted—praying together, working the same land, and occasionally sharing households and starting families. Some free people of color also rose to prominence in their communities, becoming successful businesspeople and winning the respect of their white neighbors. Milteer’s innovative study moves beyond depictions of the American South as a region controlled by a strict racial hierarchy. He contends that although North Carolinians frequently sorted themselves into races imbued with legal and social entitlements—with whites placing themselves above persons of color—those efforts regularly clashed with their concurrent recognition of class, gender, kinship, and occupational distinctions. Whites often determined the position of free nonwhites by designating them as either valuable or expendable members of society. In early North Carolina, free people of color of certain statuses enjoyed access to institutions unavailable even to some whites. Prior to 1835, for instance, some free men of color possessed the right to vote while the law disenfranchised all women, white and nonwhite included. North Carolina’s Free People of Color, 1715–1885 demonstrates that conceptions of race were complex and fluid, defying easy characterization. Despite the reductive labels often assigned to them by whites, free people of color in the state emerged from an array of backgrounds, lived widely varied lives, and created distinct cultures—all of which, Milteer suggests, allowed them to adjust to and counter ever-evolving forms of racial discrimination.

FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR

Author : HORTON JAMES OLIVER
Publisher : Smithsonian Books (DC)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR by : HORTON JAMES OLIVER

Download or read book FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR written by HORTON JAMES OLIVER and published by Smithsonian Books (DC). This book was released on 1993-04-17 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free People of Color is a path-breaking historical inquiry into the forces that unified and divided free African Americans in the pre-Civil War North, as they dealt with human issues vastly complicated by the racist character of American society. James Oliver Horton explores the social and psychological interior of free African American communities and reveals the diversity and nuances of free black society in such northern cities as Boston, Buffalo, and Washington, D.C. While examining the heated debates within these communities over gender roles, skin color, national identity, leadership styles, and politics, he argues for a complex and pluralistic view of free black society - where disagreement did not preclude cooperation toward common goals, such as ending slavery, obtaining full citizenship, and securing educational and economic opportunities for all African Americans. Horton also discusses relations between blacks and the European immigrants with whom they shared living space and often competed for employment. He finds the association between African Americans and Germans to have been relatively harmonious, particularly in contrast to the violence and acrimony that marked contact between blacks and Irish immigrants. "Black people", observes Horton, "like all Americans, develop communities which reflect the national, regional, and local issues that affect their well-being". The essays in Free People of Color document the complexity of antebellum African American communities and portray their inhabitants as a multifaceted people whose lives were both complicated by restrictive forces and unified by common goals.

Beyond Slavery's Shadow

Author : Warren Eugene Milteer Jr.
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469664402
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Slavery's Shadow by : Warren Eugene Milteer Jr.

Download or read book Beyond Slavery's Shadow written by Warren Eugene Milteer Jr. and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the eve of the Civil War, most people of color in the United States toiled in bondage. Yet nearly half a million of these individuals, including over 250,000 in the South, were free. In Beyond Slavery's Shadow, Warren Eugene Milteer Jr. draws from a wide array of sources to demonstrate that from the colonial period through the Civil War, the growing influence of white supremacy and proslavery extremism created serious challenges for free persons categorized as "negroes," "mulattoes," "mustees," "Indians," or simply "free people of color" in the South. Segregation, exclusion, disfranchisement, and discriminatory punishment were ingrained in their collective experiences. Nevertheless, in the face of attempts to deny them the most basic privileges and rights, free people of color defended their families and established organizations and businesses. These people were both privileged and victimized, both celebrated and despised, in a region characterized by social inconsistency. Milteer's analysis of the way wealth, gender, and occupation intersected with ideas promoting white supremacy and discrimination reveals a wide range of social interactions and life outcomes for the South's free people of color and helps to explain societal contradictions that continue to appear in the modern United States.

Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas

Author : Stewart R. King
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780816072125
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (721 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas by : Stewart R. King

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas written by Stewart R. King and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Columbus arrived in 1492, the first free black person—a sailor—set foot in the Americas. Over the next 400 years, as slavery spread and became entrenched in the Western Hemisphere, free blacks built communities throughout North and South America, playing a critical role in every region, colony, and country. From Canada to the Caribbean to Chile, they established vital economic and social institutions, championed the cause of abolition, and formed a bridge between the worlds of free whites and enslaved blacks. They worked as artisans, farmers, journalists, ministers, merchants, and shipbuilders. Many free blacks served in the military and fought in every major war, including the American Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and the Latin American wars for independence. Others served in government, and some—like presidents Bernardino Rivadavia of Argentina and Vicente Guerrero of Mexico—became national leaders. Free people of color in the United States and the Americas hold a unique status in global history. Never before and never since has such a group existed in large numbers anywhere in the world. Long shrouded in obscurity and overshadowed by scholarship on slavery and race, the free black community in the Americas has become a growing and vibrant field of study. Historians have recently uncovered vast material on this important group, revealing how they lived, how they shaped society, and how they transformed the history of every nation in the Western Hemisphere. Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas is the first reference to cover this crucial subject and provides a wealth of information not available anywhere else. Arranged alphabetically, this groundbreaking, two-volume encyclopedia includes articles on all major events, issues, and concepts relevant to the free black community in the United States from the colonial period to the Civil War and in the rest of the Western Hemisphere from the late 1400s to the late 1800s, when emancipation became universal. Nearly 400 signed articles cover every country, colony, state, city, and region in the Americas with a significant presence of free blacks, and biographies, thematic articles, and entries on related subjects shed additional light on this vital and fascinating topic. Entries include: Abolitionist movement in Brazil Zabeau Bellanton Captain Cudjoe Coffee cultivation Education and literacy Forten family Free black artisans French Caribbean Gender attitudes Guerrero (slave ship) Haitian Revolution La Escalera Plot Laws of free birth Legal discrimination on the basis of race Living "as free" Toussaint Louverture Maroons Marriage between free and slave Midwives and traditional healers Negro Convention Movement Rebecca Protten Somerset v. Stewart.

Becoming Free, Becoming Black

Author : Alejandro de la Fuente
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108480640
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Becoming Free, Becoming Black by : Alejandro de la Fuente

Download or read book Becoming Free, Becoming Black written by Alejandro de la Fuente and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shows that the law of freedom, not slavery, determined the way that race developed over time in three slave societies.

Between Slavery and Freedom

Author : Julie Winch
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0742551156
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Slavery and Freedom by : Julie Winch

Download or read book Between Slavery and Freedom written by Julie Winch and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Between Slavery and Freedom, Julie Winch explores the complex world of those people of African birth or descent who occupied the “borderlands” between slavery and freedom in the 350 years from the founding of the first European colonies in what is today the United States to the start of the Civil War. However they had navigated their way out of bondage – through flight, through military service, through self-purchase, through the working of the law in different times and in different places, or because they were the offspring of parents who were themselves free – they were determined to enjoy the same rights and liberties that white people enjoyed. In a concise narrative and selected primary documents, noted historian Julie Winch shows the struggle of black people to gain and maintain their liberty and lay claim to freedom in its fullest sense. Refusing to be relegated to the margins of American society and languish in poverty and ignorance, they repeatedly challenged their white neighbors to live up to the promises of “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” enshrined in the Declaration of Independence. Winch’s accessible, concise, and jargon-free book, including primary sources and the latest scholarship, will benefit undergraduate students of American history and general readers alike by allowing them to judge the evidence for themselves and evaluate the authors’ conclusions.

The Free People of Color of New Orleans

Author : Mary Gehman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780692390412
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis The Free People of Color of New Orleans by : Mary Gehman

Download or read book The Free People of Color of New Orleans written by Mary Gehman and published by . This book was released on 2009-02-10 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antebellum New Orleans was home to thousands of urbane, educated and well to do free blacks. The French called them les gens de couleur libre, the free people of color; after the Civil War they were known as the Creoles of color, shortened today to simply Creoles. Theirs was an ambiguous status, sharing the French Language, Catholic religion and European education of the elite whites, but also keeping African and indigenous American influences from their early heritage. This is their story, rarely mentioned in conventional histories, and often misunderstood today, even by some of their descendants. The book is an easy read that lays out the chronology of events, laws and circumstances that formed the unique racial mix of New Orleans and much of Louisiana. Includes end notes, suggested bibliography, index, and a listing of family names of free people of color that appear in the early years of the Louisiana Territory. A must-have for genealogists, historians, and students of African-American history.

The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790-1860

Author : John Hope Franklin
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807866687
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790-1860 by : John Hope Franklin

Download or read book The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790-1860 written by John Hope Franklin and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Hope Franklin has devoted his professional life to the study of African Americans. Originally published in 1943 by UNC Press, The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790-1860 was his first book on the subject. As Franklin shows, freed slaves in the antebellum South did not enjoy the full rights of citizenship. Even in North Carolina, reputedly more liberal than most southern states, discriminatory laws became so harsh that many voluntarily returned to slavery.

Making Race in the Courtroom

Author : Kenneth R. Aslakson
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814724868
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Race in the Courtroom by : Kenneth R. Aslakson

Download or read book Making Race in the Courtroom written by Kenneth R. Aslakson and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No American city’s history better illustrates both the possibilities for alternative racial models and the role of the law in shaping racial identity than New Orleans, Louisiana, which prior to the Civil War was home to America’s most privileged community of people of African descent. In the eyes of the law, New Orleans’s free people of color did not belong to the same race as enslaved Africans and African-Americans. While slaves were “negroes,” free people of color were gens de couleur libre, creoles of color, or simply creoles. New Orleans’s creoles of color remained legally and culturally distinct from “negroes” throughout most of the nineteenth century until state mandated segregation lumped together descendants of slaves with descendants of free people of color. Much of the recent scholarship on New Orleans examines what race relations in the antebellum period looked as well as why antebellum Louisiana’s gens de couleur enjoyed rights and privileges denied to free blacks throughout most of the United States. This book, however, is less concerned with the what and why questions than with how people of color, acting within institutions of power, shaped those institutions in ways beyond their control. As its title suggests, Making Race in the Courtroom argues that race is best understood not as a category, but as a process. It seeks to demonstrate the role of free people of African-descent, interacting within the courts, in this process.

Black Masters: A Free Family of Color in the Old South

Author : Michael P. Johnson
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393245489
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Masters: A Free Family of Color in the Old South by : Michael P. Johnson

Download or read book Black Masters: A Free Family of Color in the Old South written by Michael P. Johnson and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1986-04-17 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A remarkably fine work of creative scholarship." —C. Vann Woodward, New York Review of Books In 1860, when four million African Americans were enslaved, a quarter-million others, including William Ellison, were "free people of color." But Ellison was remarkable. Born a slave, his experience spans the history of the South from George Washington and Thomas Jefferson to Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis. In a day when most Americans, black and white, worked the soil, barely scraping together a living, Ellison was a cotton-gin maker—a master craftsman. When nearly all free blacks were destitute, Ellison was wealthy and well-established. He owned a large plantation and more slaves than all but the richest white planters. While Ellison was exceptional in many respects, the story of his life sheds light on the collective experience of African Americans in the antebellum South to whom he remained bound by race. His family history emphasizes the fine line separating freedom from slavery.

The Children of Africa in the Colonies

Author : Melanie J. Newton
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807148725
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Children of Africa in the Colonies by : Melanie J. Newton

Download or read book The Children of Africa in the Colonies written by Melanie J. Newton and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2008-06-01 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How emancipation transformed social and political relations in Barbados When a small group of free men of color gathered in 1838 to celebrate the end of apprenticeship in Barbados, they spoke of emancipation as the moment of freedom for all colored people, not just the former slaves. The fact that many of these men had owned slaves themselves gives a hollow ring to their lofty pronouncements. Yet in The Children of Africa in the Colonies, Melanie J. Newton demonstrates that simply dismissing these men as hypocrites ignores the complexity of their relationship to slavery. Exploring the role of free blacks in Barbados from 1790 to 1860, Newton argues that the emancipation process transformed social relations between Afro-Barbadians and slaves and ex-slaves. Free people of color in Barbados genuinely wanted slavery to end, Newton explains, a desire motivated in part by the realization that emancipation offered them significant political advantages. As a result, free people's goals for the civil rights struggle that began in Barbados in the 1790s often diverged from those of the slaves, and the tensions that formed along class, education, and gender lines severely weakened the movement. While the populist masses viewed emancipation as an opportunity to form a united community among all people of color, wealthy free people viewed it as a chance to better their position relative to white Europeans. To this end, free people of color refashioned their identities in relationship to Africa. Prior to the 1820s, Newton reveals, they downplayed their African descent, emphasizing instead their legal status as free people and their position as owners of property, including slaves. As the emancipation debate in the Atlantic world reached its zenith in the 1820s and 1830s and whites grew increasingly hostile and inflexible, elite free people allied themselves with the politics of the working class and the slaves, relying for the first time on their African heritage and the association of their skin color with slavery to openly challenge white supremacy. After emancipation, free people of color again redefined themselves, now as loyal British imperial subjects, casting themselves in the role of political protectors of their ex-slave brethren in an attempt to escape social and political disenfranchisement. While some wealthy men of color gained political influence as a result of emancipation, the absence of fundamental change in the distribution of land and wealth left most men and women of color with little hope of political independence or social mobility. Mining a rich vein of primary and secondary sources, Newton's study elegantly describes how class divisions and disagreements over labor and social policy among free and slave black Barbadians led to political unrest and devastated the hope for an entirely new social structure and a plebeian majority in the British Caribbean.

Blue Coat or Powdered Wig

Author : Stewart R. King
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820342351
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Blue Coat or Powdered Wig by : Stewart R. King

Download or read book Blue Coat or Powdered Wig written by Stewart R. King and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the late 1700s, half the free population of Saint Domingue was black. The French Caribbean colony offered a high degree of social, economic, and physical mobility to free people of color. Covering the period 1776-1791, this study offers the most comprehensive portrait to date of Saint Domingue’s free black elites on the eve of the colony's transformation into the republic of Haiti. Stewart R. King identifies two distinctive groups that shared Saint Domingue’s free black upper stratum, one consisting of planters and merchants and the other of members of the army and police forces. With the aid of individual and family case studies, King documents how the two groups used different strategies to pursue the common goal of economic and social advancement. Among other aspects, King looks at the rural or urban bases of these groups’ networks, their relationships with whites and free blacks of lesser means, and their attitudes toward the acquisition, use, and sale of land, slaves, and other property. King’s main source is the notarial archives of Saint Domingue, whose holdings offer an especially rich glimpse of free black elite life. Because elites were keenly aware of how a bureaucratic paper trail could help cement their status, the archives divulge a wealth of details on personal and public matters. Blue Coat or Powdered Wig is a vivid portrayal of race relations far from the European centers of colonial power, where the interactions of free blacks and whites were governed as much by practicalities and shared concerns as by the law.

Hertford County, North Carolina's Free People of Color and Their Descendants

Author : Warren Milteer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780692722985
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Hertford County, North Carolina's Free People of Color and Their Descendants by : Warren Milteer

Download or read book Hertford County, North Carolina's Free People of Color and Their Descendants written by Warren Milteer and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the outbreak of the Civil War, Hertford County had one of the largest populations of free people of color in North Carolina. Although they lived in a rural community, Hertford County's free people of color and their descendants found success in business, education, community development, religious life, and politics. Warren Eugene Milteer, Jr.'s tireless efforts in numerous archives have produced the first full-length study of their lives and contributions from the colonial period into the twentieth century.

FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR

Author : HORTON JAMES OLIVER
Publisher : Smithsonian
ISBN 13 : 9781560982036
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR by : HORTON JAMES OLIVER

Download or read book FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR written by HORTON JAMES OLIVER and published by Smithsonian. This book was released on 1993-04-17 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free People of Color is a path-breaking historical inquiry into the forces that unified and divided free African Americans in the pre-Civil War North, as they dealt with human issues vastly complicated by the racist character of American society. James Oliver Horton explores the social and psychological interior of free African American communities and reveals the diversity and nuances of free black society in such northern cities as Boston, Buffalo, and Washington, D.C. While examining the heated debates within these communities over gender roles, skin color, national identity, leadership styles, and politics, he argues for a complex and pluralistic view of free black society - where disagreement did not preclude cooperation toward common goals, such as ending slavery, obtaining full citizenship, and securing educational and economic opportunities for all African Americans. Horton also discusses relations between blacks and the European immigrants with whom they shared living space and often competed for employment. He finds the association between African Americans and Germans to have been relatively harmonious, particularly in contrast to the violence and acrimony that marked contact between blacks and Irish immigrants. "Black people," observes Horton, "like all Americans, develop communities which reflect the national, regional, and local issues that affect their well-being." The essays in Free People of Color document the complexity of antebellum African American communities and portray their inhabitants as a multifaceted people whose lives were both complicated by restrictive forces and unified by common goals.

The Free People of Color of New Orleans

Author : Mary Gehman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780961637729
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (377 download)

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Book Synopsis The Free People of Color of New Orleans by : Mary Gehman

Download or read book The Free People of Color of New Orleans written by Mary Gehman and published by . This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antebellum New Orleans was home to thousands of urbane, educated and well to do free blacks. The French called them "les gens de couleur libre", the free people of color; after the Civil War they were known as the Creoles of color, shortened today to simply Creoles. Theirs was and ambiguous status, sharing the French language, Catholic religion and European education of the elite whites, who were often blood relatives, but also keeping African and indigenous American influences from their early heritage. - back cover.

Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas

Author : Stewart R. King
Publisher : Facts on File
ISBN 13 : 9781438136301
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (363 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas by : Stewart R. King

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas written by Stewart R. King and published by Facts on File. This book was released on 2011-12-31 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Columbus arrived in 1492, the first free black personOCoa sailorOCoset foot in the Americas. Over the next 400 years, as slavery spread and became entrenched in the Western Hemisphere, free blacks built communities throughout North and South America, playing a critical role in every region, colony, and country. From Canada to the Caribbean to Chile, they established vital economic and social institutions, championed the cause of abolition, and formed a bridge between the worlds of free whites and enslaved blacks. They worked as artisans, farmers, journalists, ministers, merchants, and shipbuilders. Many free blacks served in the military and fought in every major war, including the American Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and the Latin American wars for independence. Others served in government, and someOColike presidents Bernardino Rivadavia of Argentina and Vicente Guerrero of MexicoOCobecame national leaders.Free people of color in the United States and the Americas hold a unique status in global history. Never before and never since has such a group existed in large numbers anywhere in the world. Long shrouded in obscurity and overshadowed by scholarship on slavery and race, the free black community in the Americas has become a growing and vibrant field of study. Historians have recently uncovered vast material on this important group, revealing how they lived, how they shaped society, and how they transformed the history of every nation in the Western Hemisphere.Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas is the first reference to cover this crucial subject and provides a wealth of information not available anywhere else. Arranged alphabetically, this groundbreaking, two-volume encyclopedia includes articles on all major events, issues, and concepts relevant to the free black community in the United States from the colonial period to the Civil War and in the rest of the Western Hemisphere from the late 1400s to the late 1800s, when emancipation became universal. Nearly 400 signed articles cover every country, colony, state, city, and region in the Americas with a significant presence of free blacks, and biographies, thematic articles, and entries on related subjects shed additional light on this vital and fascinating topic."

The Present State and Condition of the Free People of Color, of the City of Philadelphia

Author : Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Present State and Condition of the Free People of Color, of the City of Philadelphia by : Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery

Download or read book The Present State and Condition of the Free People of Color, of the City of Philadelphia written by Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and published by . This book was released on 1838 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: