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Fluidized Bed Steam Reformer Monolith Formation
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Book Synopsis FLUIDIZED BED STEAM REFORMER MONOLITH FORMATION. by : C. Jantzen
Download or read book FLUIDIZED BED STEAM REFORMER MONOLITH FORMATION. written by C. Jantzen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) is being considered as an alternative technology for the immobilization of a wide variety of aqueous high sodium containing radioactive wastes at various DOE facilities in the United States. The addition of clay, charcoal, and a catalyst as co-reactants converts aqueous Low Activity Wastes (LAW) to a granular or ''mineralized'' waste form while converting organic components to CO{sub 2} and steam, and nitrate/nitrite components, if any, to N{sub 2}. The waste form produced is a multiphase mineral assemblage of Na-Al-Si (NAS) feldspathoid minerals with cage-like structures that atomically bond radionuclides like Tc-99 and anions such as SO{sub 4}, I, F, and Cl. The granular product has been shown to be as durable as LAW glass. Shallow land burial requires that the mineralized waste form be able to sustain the weight of soil overburden and potential intrusion by future generations. The strength requirement necessitates binding the granular product into a monolith. FBSR mineral products were formulated into a variety of monoliths including various cements, Ceramicrete, and hydroceramics. All but one of the nine monoliths tested met the
Book Synopsis FLUIDIZED BED STEAM REFORMER (FBSR) PRODUCT by : C. Jantzen
Download or read book FLUIDIZED BED STEAM REFORMER (FBSR) PRODUCT written by C. Jantzen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important requirement for Hanford's low activity waste (LAW) form for shallow land disposal is the chemical durability of the product. A secondary, but still essential specification, is the compressive strength of the material with regards to the strength of the material under shallow land disposal conditions, e.g. the weight of soil overburden and potential intrusion by future generations, because the term ''near-surface disposal'' indicates disposal in the uppermost portion, or approximately the top 30 meters, of the earth's surface. The THOR{reg_sign} Treatment Technologies (TTT) mineral waste form for LAW is granular in nature because it is formed by Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR). As a granular product it has been shown to be as durable as Hanford's LAW glass during testing with ASTM C-1285-02 known as the Product Consistency Test (PCT) and with the Single Pass Flow Through Test (SPFT). Hanford Envelope A and Envelope C simulants both performed well during PCT and SPFT testing and during subsequent performance assessment modeling. This is partially due to the high aluminosilicate content of the mineral product which provides a natural aluminosilicate buffering mechanism that inhibits leaching and is known to occur in naturally occurring aluminosilicate mineral analogs. In order for the TTT Na-Al-Si (NAS) granular mineral product to meet the compressive strength requirements (ASTM C39) for a Hanford waste form, the granular product needs to be made into a monolith or disposed of in High Integrity Containers (HIC's). Additionally, the Hanford intruder scenario for disposal in the Immobilized Low Activity Waste (ILAW) trench is mitigated as there is reduced intruder exposure when a waste form is in a monolithic form. During the preliminary testing of a monolith binder for TTT's FBSR mineral product, four parameters were monitored: (1) waste loading (not optimized for each waste form tested); (2) density; (3) compressive strength; and (4) durability must not be compromised--binding agent should not react with the NAS product and binding agent should not create an unfavorable pH environment that may cause accelerated leaching. It is the goal of the present study to survey cementitious waste forms based on Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Ceramicrete, and hydroceramic binders by correlating waste loading, density and compressive strength and then determine if these binders affect the product performance in terms of the PCT response. This will be done by making a one-to-one comparison of the PCT response measured on granular NAS mineral product (mixed bed and fines products) with the PCT response of the monolithed NAS product in the different binders. Future studies may include, refining the above binders, and examining other binders. It is likely that binders formed from kaolin would be most compatible with the chemistry of the THOR{reg_sign} mineral waste form which is made by steam reforming of kaolin and sodium rich wastes. The economics of production on a large scale have yet to be investigated for any of the binders tested.
Book Synopsis Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Energy Technologies II by : Josef Matyáš
Download or read book Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Energy Technologies II written by Josef Matyáš and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-12 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings contains a collection of 24 papers from five 2012Materials Science and Technology (MS&T’12)symposia. Green Technologies for Materials Manufacturing and ProcessingIII Materials Development for Nuclear Applications and ExtremeEnvironments Materials Issues in Nuclear Waste Management in the21st Century Energy Conversion – Photovoltaic, Concentrating SolarPower, and Thermoelectric Energy Storage: Materials, Systems and Applications
Book Synopsis Waste Forms Technology and Performance by : National Research Council
Download or read book Waste Forms Technology and Performance written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-09-05 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) is responsible for cleaning up radioactive waste and environmental contamination resulting from five decades of nuclear weapons production and testing. A major focus of this program involves the retrieval, processing, and immobilization of waste into stable, solid waste forms for disposal. Waste Forms Technology and Performance, a report requested by DOE-EM, examines requirements for waste form technology and performance in the cleanup program. The report provides information to DOE-EM to support improvements in methods for processing waste and selecting and fabricating waste forms. Waste Forms Technology and Performance places particular emphasis on processing technologies for high-level radioactive waste, DOE's most expensive and arguably most difficult cleanup challenge. The report's key messages are presented in ten findings and one recommendation.
Book Synopsis Tank Closure and Waste Management for the Hanford Site by :
Download or read book Tank Closure and Waste Management for the Hanford Site written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radioactive Waste Management and Contaminated Site Clean-Up by : William E Lee
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management and Contaminated Site Clean-Up written by William E Lee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 925 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up reviews radioactive waste management processes, technologies, and international experiences. Part one explores the fundamentals of radioactive waste including sources, characterisation, and processing strategies. International safety standards, risk assessment of radioactive wastes and remediation of contaminated sites and irradiated nuclear fuel management are also reviewed. Part two highlights the current international situation across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. The experience in Japan, with a specific chapter on Fukushima, is also covered. Finally, part three explores the clean-up of sites contaminated by weapons programmes including the USA and former USSR.Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up is a comprehensive resource for professionals, researchers, scientists and academics in radioactive waste management, governmental and other regulatory bodies and the nuclear power industry. - Explores the fundamentals of radioactive waste including sources, characterisation, and processing strategies - Reviews international safety standards, risk assessment of radioactive wastes and remediation of contaminated sites and irradiated nuclear fuel management - Highlights the current international situation across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America specifically including a chapter on the experience in Fukushima, Japan
Book Synopsis Catalytic Partial Oxidation in Fluidized Bed Reactors by : Sameer Suresh Bharadwaj
Download or read book Catalytic Partial Oxidation in Fluidized Bed Reactors written by Sameer Suresh Bharadwaj and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermochemical Processing of Biomass by : Robert C. Brown
Download or read book Thermochemical Processing of Biomass written by Robert C. Brown and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-16 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermochemical pathways for biomass conversion offer opportunities for rapid and efficient processing of diverse feedstocks into fuels, chemicals and power. Thermochemical processing has several advantages relative to biochemical processing, including greater feedstock flexibility, conversion of both carbohydrate and lignin into products, faster reaction rates, and the ability to produce a diverse selection of fuels. Thermochemical Processing of Biomass examines the large number of possible pathways for converting biomass into fuels, chemicals and power through the use of heat and catalysts. The book presents a practical overview of the latest research in this rapidly developing field, highlighting the fundamental chemistry, technical applications and operating costs associated with thermochemical conversion strategies. Bridging the gap between research and practical application, this book is written for engineering professionals in the biofuels industry, as well as academic researchers working in bioenergy, bioprocessing technology and chemical engineering. Topics covered include: Combustion Gasification Fast Pyrolysis Hydrothermal Processing Upgrading Syngas and Bio-oil Catalytic Conversion of Sugars to Fuels Hybrid Thermochemical/Biochemical Processing Economics of Thermochemical Conversion For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs
Book Synopsis Bioenergy: Principles and Technologies by : Zhenhong Yuan
Download or read book Bioenergy: Principles and Technologies written by Zhenhong Yuan and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second part of Bioenergy: Principles and Technologies continues the discussion of biomass energy technologies covering fuel ethanol production, pyrolysis, biomass-based hydrogen production and fuel synthesis, biodiesel, municipal solid water treatment and microbial fuel cells. With a combination of theories, experiments and case studies, it is an essential reference for bioenergy researchers, industrial chemists and chemical engineers.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309495210 Total Pages :81 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Review of the Final Draft Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Review of the Final Draft Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-15 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1943, as part of the Manhattan Project, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation was established with the mission to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. During 45 years of operations, the Hanford Site produced about 67 metric tonnes of plutoniumâ€"approximately two-thirds of the nation's stockpile. Production processes generated radioactive and other hazardous wastes and resulted in airborne, surface, subsurface, and groundwater contamination. Presently, 177 underground tanks contain collectively about 210 million liters (about 56 million gallons) of waste. The chemically complex and diverse waste is difficult to manage and dispose of safely. Section 3134 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 calls for a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) to conduct an analysis of approaches for treating the portion of low-activity waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation intended for supplemental treatment. The third of four, this report provides an overall assessment of the FFRDC team's final draft report, dated April 5, 2019.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309672910 Total Pages :131 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (96 download)
Book Synopsis Final Review of the Study on Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Final Review of the Study on Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management is responsible for managing and cleaning up the waste and contamination at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, the nation's biggest and most complex nuclear cleanup challenge. At the site, 177 underground tanks collectively contain about 211 million liters of waste that includes high-activity and low-activity materials. At the request of Congress, Final Review of the Study on Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation: Review #4 focuses on approaches for treatment and disposal of the supplemental portion of the low-activity waste from the tanks. This review report discusses developments since the publication of Review #3 and provides a summary of public comments on the third committee review report. The authoring committee then shares their views on these comments and whether they change any of the findings or recommendations in the third review report.
Book Synopsis Handbook Of Advanced Methods And Processes In Oxidation Catalysis: From Laboratory To Industry by : Daniel Duprez
Download or read book Handbook Of Advanced Methods And Processes In Oxidation Catalysis: From Laboratory To Industry written by Daniel Duprez and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 1035 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in both total oxidation and combustion and also in selective oxidation. For each topic, fundamental aspects are paralleled with industrial applications. The book covers oxidation catalysis, one of the major areas of industrial chemistry, outlining recent achievements, current challenges and future opportunities. One distinguishing feature of the book is the selection of arguments which are emblematic of current trends in the chemical industry, such as miniaturization, use of alternative, greener oxidants, and innovative systems for pollutant abatement. Topics outlined are described in terms of both catalyst and reaction chemistry, and also reactor and process technology.
Book Synopsis Membrane Reactors for Energy Applications and Basic Chemical Production by : Angelo Basile
Download or read book Membrane Reactors for Energy Applications and Basic Chemical Production written by Angelo Basile and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-02-05 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Reactors for Energy Applications and Basic Chemical Production presents a discussion of the increasing interest in membrane reactors that has emerged in recent years from both the scientific and industrial communities, in particular their usage for energy applications and basic chemical production. Part One of the text investigates membrane reactors for syngas and hydrogen production, while Part Two examines membrane reactors for other energy applications, including biodiesel and bioethanol production. The final section of the book reviews the use of membrane reactors in basic chemical production, including discussions of the use of MRs in ammonia production and the dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes. - Provides comprehensive coverage of membrane reactors as presented by a world-renowned team of experts - Includes discussions of the use of membrane reactors in ammonia production and the dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes - Tackles the use of membrane reactors in syngas, hydrogen, and basic chemical production - Keen focus placed on the industry, particularly in the use of membrane reactor technologies in energy
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309475155 Total Pages :55 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Review of the Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Review of the Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1943, as part of the Manhattan Project, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation was established with the mission to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. During 45 years of operations, the Hanford Site produced about 67 metric tonnes of plutoniumâ€"approximately two-thirds of the nation's stockpile. Production processes generated radioactive and other hazardous wastes and resulted in airborne, surface, subsurface, and groundwater contamination. Presently, 177 underground tanks contain collectively about 210 million liters (about 56 million gallons) of waste. The chemically complex and diverse waste is difficult to manage and dispose of safely. Section 3134 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 calls for a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) to conduct an analysis of approaches for treating the portion of low-activity waste (LAW) at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation intended for supplemental treatment. The first of four, this report reviews the analysis carried out by the FFRDC. It evaluates the technical quality and completeness of the methods used to conduct the risk, cost benefit, schedule, and regulatory compliance assessments and their implementations; waste conditioning and supplemental treatment approaches considered in the assessments; and other key information and data used in the assessments.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Catalytic Combustion by : R.E. Hayes
Download or read book Introduction to Catalytic Combustion written by R.E. Hayes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a clear and concise manner, this book explains how to apply concepts in chemical reaction engineering and transport phenomena to the design of catalytic combustion systems. Although there are many textbooks on the subject of chemical reaction engineering, catalytic combustion is mentioned either only briefly or not at all. The authors have chosen three examples where catalytic combustion is utilized as a primary combustion process and natural gas is used as a fuel - stationary gas turbines, process fluid heaters, and radiant heaters; these cover much of the area where research is currently most active. In each of these there are clear environmental benefits to be gained illustrating catalytic combustion as a "cleaner primary combustion process" . The dominant heat transfer processes in each of the applications are different, as are the support systems, flow geometrics and operating conditions.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309483514 Total Pages :75 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Review of the Draft Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Review of the Draft Analysis of Supplemental Treatment Approaches of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-12-02 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1943, as part of the Manhattan Project, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation was established with the mission to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. During 45 years of operations, the Hanford Site produced about 67 metric tonnes of plutoniumâ€"approximately two-thirds of the nation's stockpile. Production processes generated radioactive and other hazardous wastes and resulted in airborne, surface, subsurface, and groundwater contamination. Presently, 177 underground tanks contain collectively about 210 million liters (about 56 million gallons) of waste. The chemically complex and diverse waste is difficult to manage and dispose of safely. Section 3134 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 calls for a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) to conduct an analysis of approaches for treating the portion of low-activity waste (LAW) at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation intended for supplemental treatment. The second of four, this report reviews the results of the assessments, including the formulation and presentation of conclusions and the characterization and treatment of uncertainties.
Book Synopsis Compendium of Hydrogen Energy by : Velu Subramani
Download or read book Compendium of Hydrogen Energy written by Velu Subramani and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-23 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compendium of Hydrogen Energy: Hydrogen Production and Purification, the first text in a four-volume series, focuses on the production of hydrogen. As many experts believe that the hydrogen economy will eventually replace the fossil fuel economy as our primary source of energy, the text provides a timely discussion on this interesting topic. The text details the methods of hydrogen production using fossil fuels, also exploring sustainable extraction methods of hydrogen production from water and hydrogen purification processes. Provides a comprehensive understanding of the current methods used in the production of hydrogen Discusses the hydrogen economy and its potential to replace fossil fuels as our primary source of energy Details the methods of hydrogen production using fossil fuels, also exploring sustainable extraction methods of hydrogen production from water and hydrogen purification processes
