Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Flawed Logics
Download Flawed Logics full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Flawed Logics ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Good Thinking: Why Flawed Logic Puts Us All at Risk and How Critical Thinking Can Save the World by : David Robert Grimes
Download or read book Good Thinking: Why Flawed Logic Puts Us All at Risk and How Critical Thinking Can Save the World written by David Robert Grimes and published by The Experiment, LLC. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good Thinking is our best defense against anti-vaccine paranoia, climate denial, and other dire threats of today Publisher’s Note: Good Thinking was previously published in the UK as The Irrational Ape. In our ever-more-polarized society, there’s at least one thing we still agree on: The world is overrun with misinformation, faulty logic, and the gullible followers who buy into it all. Of course, we’re not among them—are we? Scientist David Robert Grimes is on a mission to expose the logical fallacies and cognitive biases that drive our discourse on a dizzying array of topics–from vaccination to abortion, 9/11 conspiracy theories to dictatorial doublespeak, astrology to alternative medicine, and wrongful convictions to racism. But his purpose in Good Thinking isn’t to shame or place blame. Rather, it’s to interrogate our own assumptions–to develop our eye for the glimmer of truth in a vast sea of dubious sources–in short, to think critically. Grimes’s expert takedown of irrationality is required reading for anyone wondering why bad thinking persists and how we can defeat it. Ultimately, no one changes anyone else’s mind; we can only change our own–and give others the tools to do the same.
Book Synopsis The Irrational Ape by : David Robert Grimes
Download or read book The Irrational Ape written by David Robert Grimes and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE IRISH TIMES TOP FIVE BESTSELLER 'An unstoppable page-turner. If our leaders were forced to read this book, the world would be a safer place' Richard Dawkins 'A beautifully reasoned book about our own unreasonableness' Robin Ince Why did revolutionary China consider the sparrow an 'animal of capitalism' - and what happened when they tried to wipe them out? With a cast of murderous popes, snake-oil salesmen and superstitious pigeons, find out why flawed logic puts us all at risk, and how critical thinking can save the world. It may seem a big claim, but knowing how to think clearly and critically has literally helped save the world. In September 1983, at the height of the Cold War, the Soviet Union's early warning system showed five US missiles heading towards the country. Stanislaw Petrov knew his duty: he was to inform Moscow that nuclear war had begun, so that they could launch an immediate and devastating response. Instead, he made a call to say the system was faulty. He'd assessed the situation and reasoned that an error was more likely than such a limited attack. We may not have to save the planet from nuclear annihilation, of course, but our ability to think critically has never been more important. In a world where fake news, mistrust of experts, prejudice and ignorance all too often hold sway, we can all too easily be misled over issues such as vaccinations, climate change or conspiracy theories. We live in an era where access to all the knowledge in the world is at our fingertips, yet that also means misinformation and falsehoods can spread further and faster than ever before. In The Irrational Ape, David Robert Grimes shows how we can be lured into making critical mistakes or drawing false conclusions, and how to avoid such errors. Given the power of modern science and the way that movements can unite to protest a cause via social media, we are in dangerous times. But fortunately, we can learn from our mistakes, and by critical thinking and scientific method we can discover how to apply these techniques to everything from deciding what insurance to buy to averting global disaster. This book, packed with fascinating case studies and examples, helps ensure we are ready for the modern world.
Download or read book Flawed Logics written by James H. Lebovic and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2013-11-15 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can a nation accept limits in an arms competition? James H. Lebovic explores the logic of seeking peace in an arms race. Flawed Logics offers a compelling intellectual history of U.S.-Russian strategic nuclear arms control. Lebovic thoroughly reviews the critical role of ideas and assumptions in U.S. arms control debates, tying them to controversies over U.S. nuclear strategy from the birth of the atomic age to the present. Each nuclear arms treaty—from the Truman to the Obama administration—is assessed in depth and the positions of proponents and opponents are systematically presented, discussed, and critiqued. Lebovic concludes that the terms of these treaties with the Russians were never as good as U.S. proponents claimed nor as bad as opponents feared. The comprehensive analysis in Flawed Logics is objective and balanced, challenging the logic of hawks and doves, Democrats and Republicans, and theorists of all schools with equal vigor. Lebovic’s controversial argument will promote debate as to the very plausibility of arms control.
Book Synopsis An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments: Learn the Lost Art of Making Sense (Bad Arguments) by : Ali Almossawi
Download or read book An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments: Learn the Lost Art of Making Sense (Bad Arguments) written by Ali Almossawi and published by The Experiment, LLC. This book was released on 2014-09-23 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This short book makes you smarter than 99% of the population. . . . The concepts within it will increase your company’s ‘organizational intelligence.’. . . It’s more than just a must-read, it’s a ‘have-to-read-or-you’re-fired’ book.”—Geoffrey James, INC.com From the author of An Illustrated Book of Loaded Language, here’s the antidote to fuzzy thinking, with furry animals! Have you read (or stumbled into) one too many irrational online debates? Ali Almossawi certainly had, so he wrote An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments! This handy guide is here to bring the internet age a much-needed dose of old-school logic (really old-school, a la Aristotle). Here are cogent explanations of the straw man fallacy, the slippery slope argument, the ad hominem attack, and other common attempts at reasoning that actually fall short—plus a beautifully drawn menagerie of animals who (adorably) commit every logical faux pas. Rabbit thinks a strange light in the sky must be a UFO because no one can prove otherwise (the appeal to ignorance). And Lion doesn’t believe that gas emissions harm the planet because, if that were true, he wouldn’t like the result (the argument from consequences). Once you learn to recognize these abuses of reason, they start to crop up everywhere from congressional debate to YouTube comments—which makes this geek-chic book a must for anyone in the habit of holding opinions.
Book Synopsis Logical Fallacies by : Warren Ericson
Download or read book Logical Fallacies written by Warren Ericson and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-04-25 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you ever found yourself in an argument that you know you could have won but didn't because you couldn't find a way to poke a hole in their reasoning? Maybe you instead delivered an argument you thought was sound, only to have your opposition demonstrate flaws in your reasoning. Logical Fallacies: The Ultimate Guide to Dealing with Bad Arguments is the resource you need to improve your debate skills. This book will provide an extensive list of common logical fallacies along with an explanation of the flaws in their reasoning. If you want to master your skills in argument, this book will prove to be an invaluable resource to help you reach your goal. Learn the proper structure of a logical argument, as well as how this applies to logical fallacies, to understand the reason the logic is flawed. Once the reader understands the principles of argument, we can move on to practical examples. This book will demonstrate over 75 logical fallacies, providing you with many different opportunities to apply this knowledge. After reading the explanations and examples for each fallacy, you will feel confident in your ability to recognize and counter these common flawed arguments. By understanding these logical fallacies, you will be able to speak with greater confidence in your own reasoning and be ready to counter the flawed reasoning of your opponent. With this book as your guide, we will discuss the following: Learn what a logical fallacy is Learn the proper structure of a logical argument Over 75 examples common logical fallacies Explanations of the fallacies, and the flaws in their logic Examples that demonstrate the fallacies being used Ways to counter these flawed arguments
Book Synopsis Logically Fallacious by : Bo Bennett
Download or read book Logically Fallacious written by Bo Bennett and published by eBookIt.com. This book was released on 2012-02-19 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a crash course in effective reasoning, meant to catapult you into a world where you start to see things how they really are, not how you think they are. The focus of this book is on logical fallacies, which loosely defined, are simply errors in reasoning. With the reading of each page, you can make significant improvements in the way you reason and make decisions. Logically Fallacious is one of the most comprehensive collections of logical fallacies with all original examples and easy to understand descriptions, perfect for educators, debaters, or anyone who wants to improve his or her reasoning skills. "Expose an irrational belief, keep a person rational for a day. Expose irrational thinking, keep a person rational for a lifetime." - Bo Bennett This 2021 Edition includes dozens of more logical fallacies with many updated examples.
Book Synopsis Logical Fallacies by : B. J. Copeland
Download or read book Logical Fallacies written by B. J. Copeland and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logical fallaciesWhat is a Logical Fallacy, Exactly?-------------------All logical fallacies(34)-Examples-Simple Explanation------------------------The word "fallacy" comes from the Latin "fallacia" which means "deception, deceit, trick, artifice," however, a more specific meaning in logic (a logical fallacy) that dates back to the 1550s means "false syllogism, invalid argumentation."An Error in ReasoningOne of the earliest academic discussions of logical fallacies comes from the book Elementary Lessons in Logic: Deductive and Inductive, published by MacMillian and Co. in 1872 where the modern definition of logical fallacies is used: "the modes in which, by neglecting the rules of logic, we often fall into erroneous reasoning." Today, this basic definition is still used, and often abbreviated to just "an error in reasoning." It is not a factual error.The Difference Between Logical Fallacies and Cognitive BiasesIn the early 1970s, two behavioral researchers, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky pioneered the field of behavioral economics through their work with cognitive biases and heuristics, which like logical fallacies, deal with errors in reasoning. The main difference, however, is that logical fallacies require an argument whereas cognitive biases and heuristics (mental shortcuts) refer to our default pattern of thinking. Sometimes there is crossover. Logical fallacies can be the result of a cognitive bias, but having biases (which we all do) does not mean that we have to commit logical fallacies. Consider the bandwagon effect, a cognitive bias that demonstrates the tendency to believe things because many other people believe them. This cognitive bias can be found in the logical fallacy, appeal to popularity.Everybody is doing X.Therefore, X must be the right thing to do.The cognitive bias is the main reason we commit this fallacy. However, if we just started working at a soup kitchen because all of our friends were working there, this wouldn't be a logical fallacy, although the bandwagon effect would be behind our behavior. The appeal to popularity is a fallacy because it applies to an argument.I would say that more often than not, cognitive biases do not lead to logical fallacies. This is because cognitive biases are largely unconscious processes that bypass reason, and the mere exercise of consciously evaluating an argument often causes us to counteract the bias.Factual Errors are Not Logical FallaciesTo illustrate this point, let's consider the availability heuristic, a cognitive bias that describes the tendency for one to overestimate the likelihood of more salient events, usually the result of how recent the memories are or how unusual or emotionally charged they may be. This bias can be demonstrated in believing that you are more likely to die in a plane crash than an automobile accident because of all the plane crashes you see in the news. As a result of this bias, one might argue: Plane crashes kill more people than automobile accidents. Therefore, it is safer to drive in a car than fly in a plane.This is not fallacious; it's factually incorrect. If it were true that plane crashes kill more people than automobile accidents, the conclusion would be reasonable. The argument itself does not contain flawed reasoning; it contains incorrect information. While we can say the reasoning behind the argument was fallacious, there is no logical fallacy present in the argument. Similarly, if I told you that the sun was about 30 miles from the earth and the size of a football stadium, I would not be committing a fallacy-but I would be a moron. Factual errors are not fallacies........
Download or read book Bad Arguments written by Robert Arp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely and accessible guide to 100 of the most infamous logical fallacies in Western philosophy, helping readers avoid and detect false assumptions and faulty reasoning You’ll love this book or you’ll hate it. So, you’re either with us or against us. And if you’re against us then you hate books. No true intellectual would hate this book. Ever decide to avoid a restaurant because of one bad meal? Choose a product because a celebrity endorsed it? Or ignore what a politician says because she’s not a member of your party? For as long as people have been discussing, conversing, persuading, advocating, proselytizing, pontificating, or otherwise stating their case, their arguments have been vulnerable to false assumptions and faulty reasoning. Drawing upon a long history of logical falsehoods and philosophical flubs, Bad Arguments demonstrates how misguided arguments come to be, and what we can do to detect them in the rhetoric of others and avoid using them ourselves. Fallacies—or conclusions that don’t follow from their premise—are at the root of most bad arguments, but it can be easy to stumble into a fallacy without realizing it. In this clear and concise guide to good arguments gone bad, Robert Arp, Steven Barbone, and Michael Bruce take readers through 100 of the most infamous fallacies in Western philosophy, identifying the most common missteps, pitfalls, and dead-ends of arguments gone awry. Whether an instance of sunk costs, is ought, affirming the consequent, moving the goal post, begging the question, or the ever-popular slippery slope, each fallacy engages with examples drawn from contemporary politics, economics, media, and popular culture. Further diagrams and tables supplement entries and contextualize common errors in logical reasoning. At a time in our world when it is crucial to be able to identify and challenge rhetorical half-truths, this bookhelps readers to better understand flawed argumentation and develop logical literacy. Unrivaled in its breadth of coverage and a worthy companion to its sister volume Just the Arguments (2011), Bad Arguments is an essential tool for undergraduate students and general readers looking to hone their critical thinking and rhetorical skills.
Book Synopsis Attacking Faulty Reasoning by : T. Damer
Download or read book Attacking Faulty Reasoning written by T. Damer and published by Wadsworth Publishing Company. This book was released on 2012-01-10 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly, college courses and programs require a critical thinking component and include assignments meant to measure your critical thinking skills. ATTACKING FAULTY REASONING, 7E, International Edition can help you brush up on these skills and learn how to develop the logical, persuasive arguments you need now and throughout your career. This useful handbook addresses more than 60 common fallacies of logic with the help of over 200 memorable examples. It provides explanations and tips for "attacking" fallacious thinking, and is an ideal resource when writing papers, essays, or arguments.
Book Synopsis SUMMARY - Brain Fart: Discover Your Flawed Logic, Failures In Common Sense And Intuition, And Irrational Behavior - How To Think Less Stupid By by : Shortcut Edition
Download or read book SUMMARY - Brain Fart: Discover Your Flawed Logic, Failures In Common Sense And Intuition, And Irrational Behavior - How To Think Less Stupid By written by Shortcut Edition and published by Shortcut Edition. This book was released on 2021-06-05 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Our summary is short, simple and pragmatic. It allows you to have the essential ideas of a big book in less than 30 minutes. By reading this summary, you will learn what the most common thinking errors are and how to guard against them to avoid acting against your own interests. You will also learn : that reasoning is far more fallible than you think; that your emotions betray you; how you can influence the judgment of others; how advertisers push people to buy; why it is difficult to think objectively; how to make better decisions. We think we are free, driven only by logic and reason, but common sense is not as widespread as we would like to think. Decisions are too often made after flawed reasoning, "brain farts" to use the author's humorous trait, which car salesmen, for example, provoke abundantly to achieve their ends. Here's how to recognize them and try to avoid them. *Buy now the summary of this book for the modest price of a cup of coffee!
Book Synopsis The Book of Common Fallacies by : Philip Ward
Download or read book The Book of Common Fallacies written by Philip Ward and published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2012-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everything you thought you knew was...
Book Synopsis The Fallacy Detective by : Nathaniel Bluedorn
Download or read book The Fallacy Detective written by Nathaniel Bluedorn and published by . This book was released on 2015-04-04 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fallacy Detective has been the best selling text for teaching logical fallacies and introduction to logic for over 15 years. "Can learning logic be fun? With The Fallacy Detective it appears that it can be. I thoroughly enjoyed this book and would recommend it to anyone who wants to improve his reasoning skills."--Tim Challies, curriculum reviewer "Cartoon and comic illustrations, humorous examples, and a very reader-friendly writing style make this the sort of course students will enjoy."--Cathy Duffy, homeschool curriculum reviewer "I really like The Fallacy Detective because it has funny cartoons, silly stories, and teaches you a lot!"--11 Year Old What is a fallacy? A fallacy is an error in logic a place where someone has made a mistake in his thinking. This is a handy book for learning to spot common errors in reasoning. - For ages twelve through adult. - Fun to use -- learn skills you can use right away. - Peanuts, Dilbert, and Calvin and Hobbes cartoons. - Includes The Fallacy Detective Game. - Exercises with answer key.
Book Synopsis Conquer Logical Fallacies by : Thinknetic
Download or read book Conquer Logical Fallacies written by Thinknetic and published by . This book was released on 2021-11-08 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you don't know who to trust, keep making stupid mistakes, and question your own judgment...Then keep reading Why do employers judge candidates on the first impression they make, even though they know it's wrong and often misleading? Why do people smoke, drink to excess, and eat things they know are bad for them? How do normally intelligent people wind up believing fake news stories? To find out, let's take a trip back in time to Victorian England. A famous story from the Victorian days is that women had to wear corsets. It's debated how commonplace corsets actually were, but they squeezed a woman's body like a snake - making the waist look smaller. Corsets worked but they were so tight, they caused internal damage to women. They also caused a woman's lower back to atrophy. In fact, corsets were so restricting that women often fainted wearing them! But here's the kicker... Fainting from wearing a corset was actually considered to be a good thing! It was thought to be a sign of good breeding. Or so the story goes. Historians debate how often corsets were actually used. But they're a testament to the power of a cognitive fallacy. Poor reasoning, inability to tell facts from fiction and flawed decision-making cause these kinds of fallacies. They're the reason most people never live up to their potential. Even the smartest people in the world are prone to unconscious bias. A Nature.com study in 2015 ("First results from psychology's largest reproducibility test") examined over 100 psychology studies to see if they could be reproduced. Only around a third of the studies could be replicated! Researchers found a full two-thirds of the studies had been skewed by errors or unconscious biases. They couldn't be trusted. It's not that most people are stupid; they just don't know how to see biases and fallacies. That's why we wrote this book. Inside, you'll find: The false beliefs that led to Aztec human sacrifice, and how they're STILL common today The ultra common fallacy you've probably already been exposed to in your DARE class The easy-to-follow five basics steps of critical thinking. Apply them and you'll make every decision with confidence! Rats spread pestilence and plague - but in India, a "Temple of Rats" was constructed because of this false belief How to make yourself "dumb" because smarter people are HARDER to teach Why you should be skeptical of anyone quoting an authority figure Historic Islamic banking projects, and what they can teach you about false logic Why the supersonic Concorde jet flew so long - even though it was a MASSIVE money loser! Conquer Logical Fallacies explains the major cognitive biases and fallacies people encounter. It goes over arguments and how to tell facts from fiction. You might be thinking "Do I really need this?" If you want to build stronger arguments, make more confident decisions, and spot logical errors - then yes. If you have to work with a wide range of other people or analyze information, you'll find this book INVALUABLE. And you might be stunned by how many false biases you're already carrying around. They bleed into your professional and personal life. Do you want to have confidence in your decisions? Then grab this book and upgrade your brain. Scroll up and click "Add to Cart."
Book Synopsis Informal Logical Fallacies by : Jacob E. Van Vleet
Download or read book Informal Logical Fallacies written by Jacob E. Van Vleet and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical thinking is now needed more than ever. This accessible and engaging book provides the necessary tools to question and challenge the discourse that surrounds us —- whether in the media, the classroom, or everyday conversation. Additionally, it offers readers a deeper understanding of the foundations of analytical thought. Informal Logical Fallacies: A Brief Guide is a systematic and concise introduction to more than forty fallacies, from anthropomorphism and argumentum ad baculum, to reductionism and the slippery slope argument. With helpful definitions, relevant examples, and thought-provoking exercises, the author guides the reader through the realms of fallacious reasoning and deceptive rhetoric. This is an essential guide to philosophical reflection and clear thinking.
Book Synopsis Flaws and Fallacies in Statistical Thinking by : Stephen K. Campbell
Download or read book Flaws and Fallacies in Statistical Thinking written by Stephen K. Campbell and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-05-14 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nontechnical survey helps improve ability to judge statistical evidence and to make better-informed decisions. Discusses common pitfalls: unrealistic estimates, improper comparisons, premature conclusions, and faulty thinking about probability. 1974 edition.
Download or read book Brain Fart written by Peter Hollins and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-06-28 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Your first instincts and gut feelings are usually flat out wrong. Discover why, and learn how to actually think clearly.A brain fart is a lapse in judgment. We do this every day without realizing it, and it can have severe consequences on our lives. Use this book as a field guide to think better, understand your feelings better, and tame your stupid brain.Cure your flawed thinking habits and mental blunders.Brain Fart is a book that will get you to think about how you think. Never before has such a deep look been taken into the roots of illogical and rash decisions - how they form, and how they persist in our lives. We all recognize our big blunders, but it's the subconscious ones that can sink us.Brain Fart is expertly researched with psychological and scientific studies, and delves into neuroscience and behavioral economics. In a book that has wide ranging implications, Peter Hollins illustrates why we tend to immediately regret our decisions and proclaim, "What was I thinking?!"Stop falling into your own mental traps and develop clarity of thought.Peter Hollins has studied psychology and peak human performance for over a dozen years and is a bestselling author. He has worked with dozens of individuals to unlock their potential and path towards success. His writing draws on his academic, coaching, and research experience.Discover your brain's subtle tricks and everyday illusions.*Why our concept of free will is illusory at best.*The roots of superstitious and magical thinking.*How advertisers are so effective at emptying our wallets.*Why our memories betray us.Understand what your head is really up to.*How we evaluate risk entirely wrong.*Why our first impressions lead us astray.*Why our egos skew our sense of reality.Solve your fuzzy thoughts and solve your life.Think with clarity and you'll perform at peak levels and stop making sub-optimal decisions. Make sure your reasoning gets you where you want to be and never settle for less than you deserve. Thinking is difficult. But Brain Fart makes it much, much easier.Prevent your next brain fart by clicking the BUY NOW button at the top of this page.
Book Synopsis LSAT Logical Reasoning by : Manhattan Prep
Download or read book LSAT Logical Reasoning written by Manhattan Prep and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2014-03-25 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a new take on the LSAT logical reasoning section, the Manhattan Prep Logical Reasoning LSAT Strategy Guide is a must-have resource for any student preparing to take the exam. Containing the best of Manhattan Prep’s expert strategies, this book will teach you how to untangle the web of LSAT logical reasoning questions confidently and efficiently. Avoiding an unwieldy and ineffective focus on memorizing sub-categories and steps, the Logical Reasoning LSAT Strategy Guide encourages a streamlined method that engages and improves your natural critical-thinking skills. Beginning with an effective approach to reading arguments and identifying answers, this book trains you to see through the clutter and recognize the core of an argument. It also arms you with the tools needed to pick apart the answer choices, offering in-depth explanations for every single answer – both correct and incorrect – leading to a complex understanding of this subtle section. Each chapter in the Logical Reasoning LSAT Strategy Guide uses real LSAT questions in drills and practice sets, with explanations that take you inside the mind of an LSAT expert as they work their way through the problem. Further practice sets and other additional resources are included online and can be accessed through the Manhattan Prep website. Used by itself or with other Manhattan Prep materials, the Logical Reasoning LSAT Strategy Guide will push you to your top score.
