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Download or read book Fines as criminal sanctions written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sally T. Hillsman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book Fines in Sentencing written by Sally T. Hillsman and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alexes Harris
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610448553
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)
Download or read book A Pound of Flesh written by Alexes Harris and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over seven million Americans are either incarcerated, on probation, or on parole, with their criminal records often following them for life and affecting access to higher education, jobs, and housing. Court-ordered monetary sanctions that compel criminal defendants to pay fines, fees, surcharges, and restitution further inhibit their ability to reenter society. In A Pound of Flesh, sociologist Alexes Harris analyzes the rise of monetary sanctions in the criminal justice system and shows how they permanently penalize and marginalize the poor. She exposes the damaging effects of a little-understood component of criminal sentencing and shows how it further perpetuates racial and economic inequality. Harris draws from extensive sentencing data, legal documents, observations of court hearings, and interviews with defendants, judges, prosecutors, and other court officials. She documents how low-income defendants are affected by monetary sanctions, which include fees for public defenders and a variety of processing charges. Until these debts are paid in full, individuals remain under judicial supervision, subject to court summons, warrants, and jail stays. As a result of interest and surcharges that accumulate on unpaid financial penalties, these monetary sanctions often become insurmountable legal debts which many offenders carry for the remainder of their lives. Harris finds that such fiscal sentences, which are imposed disproportionately on low-income minorities, help create a permanent economic underclass and deepen social stratification. A Pound of Flesh delves into the court practices of five counties in Washington State to illustrate the ways in which subjective sentencing shapes the practice of monetary sanctions. Judges and court clerks hold a considerable degree of discretion in the sentencing and monitoring of monetary sanctions and rely on individual values—such as personal responsibility, meritocracy, and paternalism—to determine how much and when offenders should pay. Harris shows that monetary sanctions are imposed at different rates across jurisdictions, with little or no state government oversight. Local officials’ reliance on their own values and beliefs can also push offenders further into debt—for example, when judges charge defendants who lack the means to pay their fines with contempt of court and penalize them with additional fines or jail time. A Pound of Flesh provides a timely examination of how monetary sanctions permanently bind poor offenders to the judicial system. Harris concludes that in letting monetary sanctions go unchecked, we have created a two-tiered legal system that imposes additional burdens on already-marginalized groups.
Author : Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108846645
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Day Fines in Europe written by Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Day fines, as a pecuniary sanction, have a great potential to reduce inequality in the criminal sentencing system, as they impose the same relative punishment on all offenders irrespective of their income. Furthermore, with correct implementation, they can constitute an alternative sanction to the more repressive and not always efficient short-term prison sentences. Finally, by independently expressing in the sentence the severity and the income of the offender, day fines can increase uniformity and transparency of sentencing. Having this in mind, almost half of the European Union countries have adopted day fines in their criminal justice system. For the first time, this book makes their findings accessible to a wider international audience. Aimed at scholars, policy makers and criminal law practitioners, it provides an opportunity to learn about the theoretical advantages, the practical challenges, the successes and failures, and ways to improve.
Author : Silvia S. G. Casale
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book The Enforcement of Fines as Criminal Sanctions written by Silvia S. G. Casale and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sally T. Hillsman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)
Download or read book Fines in Sentencing written by Sally T. Hillsman and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alexandra Natapoff
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0465093809
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)
Download or read book Punishment Without Crime written by Alexandra Natapoff and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revelatory account of the misdemeanor machine that unjustly brands millions of Americans as criminals. Punishment Without Crime offers an urgent new interpretation of inequality and injustice in America by examining the paradigmatic American offense: the lowly misdemeanor. Based on extensive original research, legal scholar Alexandra Natapoff reveals the inner workings of a massive petty offense system that produces over 13 million cases each year. People arrested for minor crimes are swept through courts where defendants often lack lawyers, judges process cases in mere minutes, and nearly everyone pleads guilty. This misdemeanor machine starts punishing people long before they are convicted; it punishes the innocent; and it punishes conduct that never should have been a crime. As a result, vast numbers of Americans -- most of them poor and people of color -- are stigmatized as criminals, impoverished through fines and fees, and stripped of drivers' licenses, jobs, and housing. For too long, misdemeanors have been ignored. But they are crucial to understanding our punitive criminal system and our widening economic and racial divides. A Publishers Weekly Best Book of 2018
Author : Michael H. Tonry
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0788174223
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)
Download or read book Intermediate Sanctions in Sentencing Guidelines written by Michael H. Tonry and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sentencing guidelines & intermediate sanctions are two of the most significant criminal justice policy developments in recent decades. Half the States have adopted or considered statewide guidelines; & in early 1997, sentencing commissions were at work in more than 20 States. Intermediate sanctions have proliferated since 1980. This report describes separately the past 20 years of the respective policy & research developments of sentencing guidelines & intermediate sanctions; & the modest efforts, to date, to combine the two. Includes suggestions of next steps that policymakers might consider. Tables & figures.
Author : Sally T. Hillsman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (173 download)
Download or read book Fines as Criminal Sanctions written by Sally T. Hillsman and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrew Von Hirsch
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Censure and Sanctions written by Andrew Von Hirsch and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1991 Criminal Justice Act, requires that sentences be 'proportionate' to the severity of the crime. This book discusses how sentences may be scaled proportionately to the gravity of the crime. Topics dealt with include how the idea of a penal censure justifies proportionate sentences and how political pressures impinge on sentencing policies.
Author : R. Barry Ruback
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190682582
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice written by R. Barry Ruback and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Justice is expensive. So is injustice. These kinds of judgments are usually made in terms of money, and an economic focus makes sense in the context of criminal law and procedure, since money has long played a role in how society deals with unlawful behavior. These economic sanctions, the court-imposed financial obligations that follow a criminal conviction, are useful because they apply a metric that is understood by everyone. The notion of using money as a means of resolving criminal and civil problems goes back almost four thousand years, to the Code of Hammurabi (Van Ness, 1990), and there are several Biblical injunctions regarding payment after crimes. In the Middle Ages, victims were entitled to compensation for injuries (adjusted for their rank in society), and by the twelfth century, the king was entitled to a fee for administering the system (Klein, 1997)"--
Author : Pat O'Malley
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134094183
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)
Download or read book The Currency of Justice written by Pat O'Malley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-02-24 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fines and monetary damages account for the majority of legal sanctions across the whole spectrum of legal governance. Money is, in key respects, the primary tool law has to achieve compliance. Yet money has largely been ignored by social analyses of law, and especially by social theory. The Currency of Justice examines the differing rationalities, aims and assumptions built into money’s deployment in diverse legal fields and sanctions. This raises major questions about the extent to which money appears as an abstract universal or whether it takes on more particular meanings when deployed in various areas of law. Indeed, money may be unique in that it can take on the meanings of punishment, compensation, denunciation or regulation. The Currency of Justice examines the implications of the ‘monetization of justice’ as life is increasingly regulated through this single medium. Money not only links diverse domains of law; it also links legal sanctions to other monetary techniques which govern everyday life. Like these, the concern with monetary sanctions is not who pays, but that money is paid. Money is perhaps the only form of legal sanction where the burden need not be borne by the wrongdoer. In this respect, this book explores the view that contemporary governance is less concerned with disciplining individuals and more concerned with regulating distributions and flows of behaviours and the harms and costs linked with these.
Author : Herbert Packer
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804780797
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (87 download)
Download or read book The Limits of the Criminal Sanction written by Herbert Packer and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1968-06-01 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The argument of this book begins with the proposition that there are certain things we must understand about the criminal sanction before we can begin to talk sensibly about its limits. First, we need to ask some questions about the rationale of the criminal sanction. What are we trying to do by defining conduct as criminal and punishing people who commit crimes? To what extent are we justified in thinking that we can or ought to do what we are trying to do? Is it possible to construct an acceptable rationale for the criminal sanction enabling us to deal with the argument that it is itself an unethical use of social power? And if it is possible, what implications does that rationale have for the kind of conceptual creature that the criminal law is? Questions of this order make up Part I of the book, which is essentially an extended essay on the nature and justification of the criminal sanction. We also need to understand, so the argument continues, the characteristic processes through which the criminal sanction operates. What do the rules of the game tell us about what the state may and may not do to apprehend, charge, convict, and dispose of persons suspected of committing crimes? Here, too, there is great controversy between two groups who have quite different views, or models, of what the criminal process is all about. There are people who see the criminal process as essentially devoted to values of efficiency in the suppression of crime. There are others who see those values as subordinate to the protection of the individual in his confrontation with the state. A severe struggle over these conflicting values has been going on in the courts of this country for the last decade or more. How that struggle is to be resolved is a second major consideration that we need to take into account before tackling the question of the limits of the criminal sanction. These problems of process are examined in Part II. Part III deals directly with the central problem of defining criteria for limiting the reach of the criminal sanction. Given the constraints of rationale and process examined in Parts I and II, it argues that we have over-relied on the criminal sanction and that we had better start thinking in a systematic way about how to adjust our commitments to our capacities, both moral and operational.
Author : Patricia Faraldo Cabana
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1134872577
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)
Download or read book Money and the Governance of Punishment written by Patricia Faraldo Cabana and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Money is the most frequently means used in the legal system to punish and regulate. Monetary penalties outnumber all other sanctions delivered by criminal justice in many jurisdictions, imprisonment included. More people pay fines than go to prison and in some jurisdictions many of those in prison are there because of failure to pay their fines. Therefore, it is surprising how little has been written in the Anglophone academic world about the nature of money sanctions and their specific characteristics as legal sanctions. In many ways, legal innovations related to money sanctions have been poorly understood. This book argues that they are a direct consequence of the changing meaning of money. Considering the ‘meaninglessness’ of modern money, the book aims to examine the history of changing conceptions in how fines have been conceived and used. Using a set of interpretative techniques sensitive to how money and freedom are perceived, the genealogy of the penal fine is presented as a story of constant reformulation in response to shifting political pressures and changes in intellectual developments that influenced ideological commitments of legislators and practitioners. This book is multi-disciplinary and will appeal to those engaged with criminology, sociology and philosophy of punishment, socio-legal studies, and criminal law.
Author : Andreas von Hirsch
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509902678
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)
Download or read book Deserved Criminal Sentences written by Andreas von Hirsch and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-02-09 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an accessible and systematic restatement of the desert model for criminal sentencing by one of its leading academic exponents. The desert model emphasises the degree of seriousness of the offender's crime in deciding the severity of his punishment, and has become increasingly influential in recent penal practice and scholarly debate. It explains why sentences should be based principally on crime-seriousness, and addresses, among other topics, how a desert-based penalty scheme can be constructed; how to gauge punishments' seriousness and penalties' severity; what weight should be given to an offender's previous convictions; how non-custodial sentences should be scaled; and what leeway there might be for taking other factors into account, such as an offender's need for treatment. The volume will be of interest to all those working in penal theory and practice, criminal sentencing and the criminal law more generally.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book How to Use Structured Fines (day Fines) as an Intermediate Sanction written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States Sentencing Commission
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Guidelines Manual written by United States Sentencing Commission and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
