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Final Report For Tritium Water Monitor
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Book Synopsis Final Report for Tritium Water Monitor by :
Download or read book Final Report for Tritium Water Monitor written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this Plant Directed Research and Demonstration (PDRD) task was to develop a system to safetly analyze tritium in moisture collected from glovebox atmospheres in the Savannah River Site (SRS) Tritium Facility. In order to minimize potential radiation exposures that could occur in handling and diluting high-tritium-content water, SRS sought alternatives to liquid-scintillation counting. The proposed system determines tritium concentrations by measuring Bremsstrahlung radiation induced by low-energy beta interactions in liquid samples. Results show that, after a short counting period (30 seconds), detection limits are three orders of magnitude below the described concentration of tritiated water in the zeolite beds. Additionally, this report covers the analysis of process samples and the investigation of several cell window materials including beryllium, aluminum, and copper. Final tests reveal that alternate window materials and thicknesses can be used to obtain useful results. In particular, a window of stainless steel of moderate thickness (0.3 cm) can be used for counting relatively high levels of tritium.
Book Synopsis Phase 1 Final Report for In-Situ Tritium Beta Detector by :
Download or read book Phase 1 Final Report for In-Situ Tritium Beta Detector written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this three-phase project were to design, develop, and demonstrate a monitoring system capable of detecting and quantifying tritium in situ in ground and surface waters, and in water from effluent lines prior to discharge into public waterways. The tritium detection system design is based on measurement of the low energy beta radiation from the radioactive decay of tritium using a special form of scintillating optical fiber directly in contact with the water to be measured. The system consists of the immersible sensor module containing the optical fiber, and an electronics package, connected by an umbilical cable. The system can be permanently installed for routine water monitoring in wells or process or effluent lines, or can be moved from one location to another for survey use. The electronics will read out tritium activity directly in units of pico Curies per liter, with straightforward calibration. In Phase 1 of the project, we characterized the sensitivity of fluor-doped plastic optical fiber to tritium beta radiation. In addition, we characterized the performance of photomultiplier tubes needed for the system. In parallel with this work, we defined the functional requirements, target specifications, and system configuration for an in situ tritium beta detector that would use the fluor-doped fibers as primary sensors of tritium concentration in water. The major conclusions from the characterization work are: A polystyrene optical fiber with fluor dopant concentration of 2% gave best performance. This fiber had the highest dopant concentration of any fibers tested. Stability may be a problem. The fibers exposed to a 22-day soak in 120 F water experienced a 10x reduction in sensitivity. It is not known whether this was due to the build up of a deposit (a potentially reversible effect) or an irreversible process such as leaching of the scintillating dye.
Book Synopsis Ground Water Monitoring by : J. H. Horton
Download or read book Ground Water Monitoring written by J. H. Horton and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of a study to determine the usefulness of tritium as an aid in tracing ground water near radioactive waste ground disposal areas.
Book Synopsis The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports by :
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Annual Environmental Monitoring Report by : Mound Facility
Download or read book Annual Environmental Monitoring Report written by Mound Facility and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safe Handling of Tritium by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Safe Handling of Tritium written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains information on the dosimetry and monitoring of tritium, the use of protective clothing for work with tritium, safe practices in tritium handling laboratories and details of tritium compatible materials. The information has been compiled from experience in the various applications of tritium and should represent valuable source material to all users of tritium, including those involved in fusion R&D.
Book Synopsis Radioactive Waste Processing and Disposal by : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Processing and Disposal written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Publisher :Chalk River, Ont. : Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories ISBN 13 : Total Pages :8 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (354 download)
Book Synopsis A Review of Tritium-in-water Monitors by : Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Download or read book A Review of Tritium-in-water Monitors written by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and published by Chalk River, Ont. : Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories. This book was released on 1986 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities by : National Research Council
Download or read book Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.
Author :Northern States Power Company (Minnesota). Engineering Department Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1060 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Environmental Monitoring Program; Annual Report for the Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant, Monticello, Minnesota by : Northern States Power Company (Minnesota). Engineering Department
Download or read book Environmental Monitoring Program; Annual Report for the Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant, Monticello, Minnesota written by Northern States Power Company (Minnesota). Engineering Department and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis PDRD (SR13046) Tritium Production Final Report by :
Download or read book PDRD (SR13046) Tritium Production Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utilizing the results of Texas A & M University (TAMU) senior design projects on tritium production in four different small modular reactors (SMR), the Savannah River National Laboratory's (SRNL) developed an optimization model evaluating tritium production versus uranium utilization under a FY2013 plant directed research development (PDRD) project. The model is a tool that can evaluate varying scenarios and various reactor designs to maximize the production of tritium per unit of unobligated United States (US) origin uranium that is in limited supply. The primary module in the model compares the consumption of uranium for various production reactors against the base case of Watts Bar I running a nominal load of 1,696 tritium producing burnable absorber rods (TPBARs) with an average refueling of 41,000 kg low enriched uranium (LEU) on an 18 month cycle. After inputting an initial year, starting inventory of unobligated uranium and tritium production forecast, the model will compare and contrast the depletion rate of the LEU between the entered alternatives. This is an annual tritium production rate of approximately 0.059 grams of tritium per kilogram of LEU (g-T/kg-LEU). To date, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) license has not been amended to accept a full load of TPBARs so the nominal tritium production has not yet been achieved. The alternatives currently loaded into the model include the three light water SMRs evaluated in TAMU senior projects including, mPower, Holtec and NuScale designs. Initial evaluations of tritium production in light water reactor (LWR) based SMRs using optimized loads TPBARs is on the order 0.02-0.06 grams of tritium per kilogram of LEU used. The TAMU students also chose to model tritium production in the GE-Hitachi SPRISM, a pooltype sodium fast reactor (SFR) utilizing a modified TPBAR type target. The team was unable to complete their project so no data is available. In order to include results from a fast reactor, the SRNL Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) ran a Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) model of a basic SFR for comparison. A 600MWth core surrounded by a lithium blanket produced approximately 1,000 grams of tritium annually with a 13% enriched, 6 year core. This is similar results to a mid-1990's study where the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF), a 400 MWth reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), could produce about 1,000 grams with an external lithium target. Normalized to the LWRs values, comparative tritium production for an SFR could be approximately 0.31 g-T/kg LEU.
Book Synopsis ERDA Energy Research Abstracts by : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Continuous Tritium Effluent Water Monitor at the Savannah River Site by :
Download or read book Continuous Tritium Effluent Water Monitor at the Savannah River Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A continuous monitor for tritium in water has been installed in the secondary cooling water effluent from the K-Reactor at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The monitor is designed to provide early detection of a small leak of the tritiated heavy water moderator and facilitate rapid isolation procedures. The tritium detector consists of an analysis cell containing 0.1--0.25 mm diameter beads of plastic scintillator interposed between two photomultiplier tubes and standard fast-slow coincidence electronics. A small portion of the effluent stream is first filtered through a series of cartridge filters (0.2 [mu]m final filter) and then chemically treated by ion exchange resin and activated charcoal before reaching the cell. Flow through the detector is [approx]3 mL/min. The tritium effluent water monitor (TEWM) will alarm if the tritium in the outfall exceeds 56 Bq/mL during a 10 minute counting interval. The installation and performance of the TEWM are discussed.
Author :United States. Public Health Service. Division of Radiological Health Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :820 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (555 download)
Book Synopsis Radiological Health Data and Reports by : United States. Public Health Service. Division of Radiological Health
Download or read book Radiological Health Data and Reports written by United States. Public Health Service. Division of Radiological Health and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Insurmountable Risks by : Brice Smith
Download or read book Insurmountable Risks written by Brice Smith and published by RDR Books. This book was released on 2006 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dangers of Using Nuclear Power to Combat Global Climate Change.How much will nuclear energy cost relative to other means of getting rid of carbon dioxide emissions? What will be the risks of catastrophic accidents if we build reactors at the rate of one a week or more, cookie-cutter style, around the world? What about the risks of proliferation and terrorist attacks and nuclear waste? This is THE book providing a meticulously researched analysis of the risks of using nuclear energy to combat global warming. Were there no alternative, the severity of the threat facing humankind and other species from global climate change might warrant serious consideration of the risks of nuclear energy. But as Insurmountable Risks convincingly shows, there are far safer economical alternatives. A perfect factia; companion to the nuclear power debate at the heart of the 2008 Presidential campaign.
