Female Genocidaires During The Rwandan Genocide When Women Kill

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Female Genocidaires during the Rwandan Genocide: When women kill

Author : Leila Fielding
Publisher : Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag)
ISBN 13 : 3954895676
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (548 download)

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Book Synopsis Female Genocidaires during the Rwandan Genocide: When women kill by : Leila Fielding

Download or read book Female Genocidaires during the Rwandan Genocide: When women kill written by Leila Fielding and published by Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). This book was released on 2014-02-01 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Victimisation of women in times of war, genocide or mass slaughter has been the primary focus of the majority of explorations concerning gender and conflict. Traditionally, women are espoused as victims, at the mercy of male killers, and therefore subordinate. The notoriety of brutal, horrific, and incomprehensible sexual crimes against women in times of genocide has ensured that reluctance in addressing female accountability has plagued this debate. While examinations of these atrocities are imperative and indispensable in facilitating reconciliation, both psychological and social, this one-sided representation has led to a misunderstanding of the dynamic roles which women play during genocide. Whether supportive, active or auxiliary roles, women have been a vital component in endorsing, and sanctioning genocidal violence in history. In Rwanda, some women not only provided assistance and encouragement to Hutu men but, also perpetrated the attacks, and incited rape. The suffering of female victims cannot be fully understood without a consideration of the extensive nature of the perpetrators, both male and female. Moreover, quite the opposite of diminishing the value and significance of the victimisation of women, any examination which focuses on female agency re-balances the scales of gender inequality, and consequently serves to empower women. Women should not be portrayed solely as victims. Women in the Rwandan genocide were victims and perpetrators, agents and symbols. Gender expectations which propagate the superiority of men, both during and after conflict are detrimental to the reconstruction of post-genocide gender identities.

Women as War Criminals

Author : Izabela Steflja
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503627578
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Women as War Criminals by : Izabela Steflja

Download or read book Women as War Criminals written by Izabela Steflja and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women war criminals are far more common than we think. From the Holocaust to ethnic cleansing in the Balkans to the Rwandan genocide, women have perpetrated heinous crimes. Few have been punished. These women go unnoticed because their very existence challenges our assumptions about war and about women. Biases about women as peaceful and innocent prevent us from "seeing" women as war criminals—and prevent postconflict justice systems from assigning women blame. Women as War Criminals argues that women are just as capable as men of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity. In addition to unsettling assumptions about women as agents of peace and reconciliation, the book highlights the gendered dynamics of law, and demonstrates that women are adept at using gender instrumentally to fight for better conditions and reduced sentences when war ends. The book presents the legal cases of four women: the President (Biljana Plavšic), the Minister (Pauline Nyiramasuhuko), the Soldier (Lynndie England), and the Student (Hoda Muthana). Each woman's complex identity influenced her treatment by legal systems and her ability to mount a gendered defense before the court. Justice, as Steflja and Trisko Darden show, is not blind to gender.

Women Defendants and International Law

Author : Sheri Labenski
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040051553
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Women Defendants and International Law by : Sheri Labenski

Download or read book Women Defendants and International Law written by Sheri Labenski and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-07-05 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the largely neglected place of women defendants in contemporary international criminal law, beyond the construction of women as victims, and asks what the analysis of women perpetrators, defendants and suspects reveals about international criminal law, the media and feminism. The book uses the topic of women perpetrators, defendants and suspects as a way to explore the concept of legal subjectivity via a gender analysis. It highlights how women perpetrators, defendants and suspects are constituted through three spheres, namely the areas of international criminal law, the media and feminism. In examining the relationship between women perpetrators, defendants and suspects and each of these spheres, the book exposes embedded gender biases and structural gender fractures. These reveal that problematic assumptions about how gender operates in conflict are embedded in the very foundations of legal imaginations. Ultimately, the book argues that this has far reaching consequences, beyond its impact on current understandings of armed conflict. Rather, these assumptions should be a concern for us all, even in times of peace. This book will be of use to legal academics and practitioners interested in gender within international criminal law, as well as those concerned with contemporary feminist approaches to law.

Women as Wartime Rapists

Author : Laura Sjoberg
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814729274
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Women as Wartime Rapists by : Laura Sjoberg

Download or read book Women as Wartime Rapists written by Laura Sjoberg and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2016-11-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women as Wartime Rapists reveals the stories of female perpetrators of sexual violence and their place in wartime conflict, legal policy, and the punishment of sexual violence. Very few women are wartime rapists. Very few women issue commands to commit sexual violence. Very few women play a role in making war plans that feature the intentional sexual violation of other women. This book is about those very few women. More broadly, Laura Sjoberg asks, what do the actions and perceptions of female perpetrators of sexual violence reveal about our broader conceptions of war, violence, sexual assault, and gender? This book explores specific historical case studies, such as Nazi Germany, Serbia, the contemporary case of ISIS, and others, to understand how and why women participate in rape during war and conflict. Sjoberg examines the contrast between the visibility of female victims and the invisibility of female perpetrators, as well as the distinction between rape and genocidal rape, which is used as a weapon against a particular ethnic or national group. Further, she explores women’s engagement with genocidal rape and how some orchestrated the ethnic cleansing of entire regions. A provocative approach to a sensationalized topic, Women as Wartime Rapists offers important insights into not only the topic of female perpetrators of wartime sexual violence, but to larger notions of gender and violence with crucial cultural, legal, and political implications.

"Leave None to Tell the Story"

Author : Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 888 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis "Leave None to Tell the Story" by : Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges

Download or read book "Leave None to Tell the Story" written by Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *** Law and Order

ICGR 2018 International Conference on Gender Research

Author : Dr Ana Azevedo
Publisher : Academic Conferences and publishing limited
ISBN 13 : 1911218786
Total Pages : 649 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis ICGR 2018 International Conference on Gender Research by : Dr Ana Azevedo

Download or read book ICGR 2018 International Conference on Gender Research written by Dr Ana Azevedo and published by Academic Conferences and publishing limited. This book was released on 2018-04-12 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Path to Genocide in Rwanda

Author : Omar Shahabudin McDoom
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108491464
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis The Path to Genocide in Rwanda by : Omar Shahabudin McDoom

Download or read book The Path to Genocide in Rwanda written by Omar Shahabudin McDoom and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uses unique field data to offer a rigorous explanation of how Rwanda's genocide occurred and why Rwandans participated in it.

Gender and the Genocide in Rwanda

Author : Sara E. Brown
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351699768
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender and the Genocide in Rwanda by : Sara E. Brown

Download or read book Gender and the Genocide in Rwanda written by Sara E. Brown and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the mobilization, role, and trajectory of women rescuers and perpetrators during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. While much has been written about the victimization of women during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, very little has been said about women who rescued targeted victims or perpetrated crimes against humanity. This book explores and analyzes the role played by women who exercised agency as rescuers and as perpetrators during the genocide in Rwanda. As women, they took actions and decisions within the context of a deeply entrenched patriarchal system that limited their choices. This work examines two diverging paths of women’s agency during this period: to rescue from genocide or to perpetrate genocide. It seeks to answer three questions: First, how were certain Rwandan women mobilized to participate in genocide, and by whom? Second, what were the specific actions of women during this period of violence and upheaval? Finally, what were the trajectories of women rescuers and perpetrators after the genocide? Comparing and contrasting how women rescuers and perpetrators were mobilized, the actions they undertook, and their post-genocide trajectories, and concluding with a broader discussion of the long-term impact of ignoring these women, this book develops a more nuanced and holistic view of women’s agency and the genocide in Rwanda. This book will be of much interest to students of gender studies, genocide studies, African politics and critical security studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.routledge.com/Gender-and-the-Genocide-in-Rwanda-Women-as-Rescuers-and-Perpetrators/Brown/p/book/9780367188092, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Machete Season

Author : Jean Hatzfeld
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN 13 : 1429923512
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Machete Season by : Jean Hatzfeld

Download or read book Machete Season written by Jean Hatzfeld and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Navigate the darkest corridors of humanity with Machete Season–a harrowing saga that dusts off the grim truths of the Rwandan Genocide. Rewind to April-May 1994, as the Tutsis face the unimaginable horror of annihilation under their fellow Hutu's brutal reign. The author, Jean Hatzfeld, painstakingly pieces together the chilling accounts shared by nine Hutu executioners. Recounted are not just tales of horror, but a frightening display of the dehumanizing banality of evil. This revelation doubles as a probing exploration of the mechanisms of mass murders and their remorseless orchestrators. Delve into their candid confessions about the dreadful slaughter of approximately 50,000 Tutsis, their neighbors. As you navigate through their stories, one piercing, unsettling theme stands out: “Killing is easier than farming." Echoes of their unsettling ambivalence towards their heinous actions fill the pages, raising alarming questions about human morality and ethics. Machete Season isn’t just a chronicle of genocide. It's an insightful contemplation on the extraordinary horrors that ordinary human beings are capable of under certain circumstances. By starkly positioning the Rwandan Genocide alongside historical war crimes and genocidal episodes, this book raises a mirror to the darkest corners of human nature, forcing you to reconsider the pylons of morality, humanity, and guilt when survival is at stake.

Mass Hate

Author : Neil J. Kressel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429711271
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Mass Hate by : Neil J. Kressel

Download or read book Mass Hate written by Neil J. Kressel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws together the results of six decades of research on the psychology of mass hate. It focuses on situations where large portions of nations or cultural groups have participated in mass murder, acts of terror, or other atrocities against unarmed civilians.

The Girl Who Smiled Beads

Author : Clemantine Wamariya
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0451495349
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis The Girl Who Smiled Beads by : Clemantine Wamariya

Download or read book The Girl Who Smiled Beads written by Clemantine Wamariya and published by Crown. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • “The plot provided by the universe was filled with starvation, war and rape. I would not—could not—live in that tale.” Clemantine Wamariya was six years old when her mother and father began to speak in whispers, when neighbors began to disappear, and when she heard the loud, ugly sounds her brother said were thunder. In 1994, she and her fifteen-year-old sister, Claire, fled the Rwandan massacre and spent the next six years migrating through seven African countries, searching for safety—perpetually hungry, imprisoned and abused, enduring and escaping refugee camps, finding unexpected kindness, witnessing inhuman cruelty. They did not know whether their parents were dead or alive. When Clemantine was twelve, she and her sister were granted refugee status in the United States; there, in Chicago, their lives diverged. Though their bond remained unbreakable, Claire, who had for so long protected and provided for Clemantine, was a single mother struggling to make ends meet, while Clemantine was taken in by a family who raised her as their own. She seemed to live the American dream: attending private school, taking up cheerleading, and, ultimately, graduating from Yale. Yet the years of being treated as less than human, of going hungry and seeing death, could not be erased. She felt at the same time six years old and one hundred years old. In The Girl Who Smiled Beads, Clemantine provokes us to look beyond the label of “victim” and recognize the power of the imagination to transcend even the most profound injuries and aftershocks. Devastating yet beautiful, and bracingly original, it is a powerful testament to her commitment to constructing a life on her own terms.

The Complexity of Evil

Author : Timothy Williams
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 1978814313
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (788 download)

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Book Synopsis The Complexity of Evil by : Timothy Williams

Download or read book The Complexity of Evil written by Timothy Williams and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do people participate in genocide? The Complexity of Evil responds to this fundamental question by drawing on political science, sociology, criminology, anthropology, social psychology, and history to develop a model which can explain perpetration across various different cases. Focusing in particular on the Holocaust, the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, and the Khmer Rouge genocide in Cambodia, The Complexity of Evil model draws on, systematically sorts, and causally orders a wealth of scholarly literature and supplements it with original field research data from interviews with former members of the Khmer Rouge. The model is systematic and abstract, as well as empirically grounded, providing a tool for understanding the micro-foundations of various cases of genocide. Ultimately this model highlights that the motivations for perpetrating genocide are both complex in their diversity and banal in their ordinariness and mundanity. Download the open access ebook here.

The Order of Genocide

Author : Scott Straus
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801467144
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Order of Genocide by : Scott Straus

Download or read book The Order of Genocide written by Scott Straus and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-19 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rwandan genocide has become a touchstone for debates about the causes of mass violence and the responsibilities of the international community. Yet a number of key questions about this tragedy remain unanswered: How did the violence spread from community to community and so rapidly engulf the nation? Why did individuals make decisions that led them to take up machetes against their neighbors? And what was the logic that drove the campaign of extermination? According to Scott Straus, a social scientist and former journalist in East Africa for several years (who received a Pulitzer Prize nomination for his reporting for the Houston Chronicle), many of the widely held beliefs about the causes and course of genocide in Rwanda are incomplete. They focus largely on the actions of the ruling elite or the inaction of the international community. Considerably less is known about how and why elite decisions became widespread exterminatory violence. Challenging the prevailing wisdom, Straus provides substantial new evidence about local patterns of violence, using original research—including the most comprehensive surveys yet undertaken among convicted perpetrators—to assess competing theories about the causes and dynamics of the genocide. Current interpretations stress three main causes for the genocide: ethnic identity, ideology, and mass-media indoctrination (in particular the influence of hate radio). Straus's research does not deny the importance of ethnicity, but he finds that it operated more as a background condition. Instead, Straus emphasizes fear and intra-ethnic intimidation as the primary drivers of the violence. A defensive civil war and the assassination of a president created a feeling of acute insecurity. Rwanda's unusually effective state was also central, as was the country's geography and population density, which limited the number of exit options for both victims and perpetrators. In conclusion, Straus steps back from the particulars of the Rwandan genocide to offer a new, dynamic model for understanding other instances of genocide in recent history—the Holocaust, Armenia, Cambodia, the Balkans—and assessing the future likelihood of such events.

My Son, it is a Long Story

Author : Edouard Bamporiki Uwayo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789997700285
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis My Son, it is a Long Story by : Edouard Bamporiki Uwayo

Download or read book My Son, it is a Long Story written by Edouard Bamporiki Uwayo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

When Victims Become Killers

Author : Mahmood Mamdani
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691193835
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis When Victims Become Killers by : Mahmood Mamdani

Download or read book When Victims Become Killers written by Mahmood Mamdani and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An incisive look at the causes and consequences of the Rwandan genocide "When we captured Kigali, we thought we would face criminals in the state; instead, we faced a criminal population." So a political commissar in the Rwanda Patriotic Front reflected after the 1994 massacre of as many as one million Tutsis in Rwanda. Underlying his statement was the realization that, though ordered by a minority of state functionaries, the slaughter was performed by hundreds of thousands of ordinary citizens, including judges, doctors, priests, and friends. Rejecting easy explanations of the Rwandan genocide as a mysterious evil force that was bizarrely unleashed, When Victims Become Killers situates the tragedy in its proper context. Mahmood Mamdani coaxes to the surface the historical, geographical, and political forces that made it possible for so many Hutus to turn so brutally on their neighbors. In so doing, Mamdani usefully broadens understandings of citizenship and political identity in postcolonial Africa and provides a direction for preventing similar future tragedies.

Shattered Lives

Author : Binaifer Nowrojee
Publisher : Human Rights Watch
ISBN 13 : 9781564322081
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Shattered Lives by : Binaifer Nowrojee

Download or read book Shattered Lives written by Binaifer Nowrojee and published by Human Rights Watch. This book was released on 1996 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rape of Hutu women

Handbook of the Sociology of Morality, Volume 2

Author : Steven Hitlin
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031320220
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of the Sociology of Morality, Volume 2 by : Steven Hitlin

Download or read book Handbook of the Sociology of Morality, Volume 2 written by Steven Hitlin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-25 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook articulates how sociology can re-engage its roots as the scientific study of human moral systems, actions, and interpretation. This second volume builds on the successful original volume published in 2010, which contributed to the initiation of a new section of the American Sociological Association (ASA), thus growing the field. This volume takes sociology back to its roots over a century ago, when morality was a central topic of work and governance. It engages scholars from across subfields in sociology, representing each section of the ASA, who each contribute a chapter on how their subfield connects to research on morality. This reference work appeals to broader readership than was envisaged for the first volume, as the relationship between sociology as a discipline and its origins in questions of morality is further renewed. The volume editors focus on three areas: the current state of the sociology of morality across a range of sociological subfields; taking a new look at some of the issues discussed in the first handbook, which are now relevant in sometimes completely new contexts; and reflecting on where the sociology of morality should go next. This is a must-read reference for students and scholars interested in topics of morality, ethics, altruism, religion, and spirituality from across the social science.