Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Feeding Larval Honey Bees Apis Mellifera Dead Nosema Spores Improves Their Ability To Resist Nosema Infection As Adults
Download Feeding Larval Honey Bees Apis Mellifera Dead Nosema Spores Improves Their Ability To Resist Nosema Infection As Adults full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Feeding Larval Honey Bees Apis Mellifera Dead Nosema Spores Improves Their Ability To Resist Nosema Infection As Adults ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Feeding Larval Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) Dead Nosema Spores Improves Their Ability to Resist Nosema Infection as Adults by : Matthew B. Endler
Download or read book Feeding Larval Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) Dead Nosema Spores Improves Their Ability to Resist Nosema Infection as Adults written by Matthew B. Endler and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia) is an important honey bee pathogen that is thought to only affect adult bees and which currently has a single effective treatment, the antibiotic fumagillin. However, this treatment may be losing its efficacy. Previously, we showed that N. ceranae can infect Apis mellifera larvae. These data suggested that a sufficiently high dose triggers a larval immune response that conveys some protection. We therefore tested if feeding larvae dead N. ceranae spores can protect bees subsequently exposed to Nosema as adults. In addition, probiotics fed to larvae can activate larval immune genes. However, it was not known if probiotics could actually help bees resist infection. We therefore tested the prophylactic effect of two larval feeding treatments: autoclaved Nosema spores and probiotics. Probiotics were not beneficial: they significantly reduced larval and adult longevity and did not help bees subsequently resist adult infection (measured as the number of midgut Nosema spores). However, Nosema treatment reduced adult infection levels by 57% without significantly altering larval or adult longevity as compared to controls. Nosema treatment also had no significant effect on adult morphology, though it slightly increased bee mass at adult emergence. These data provide the first evidence that honey bee disease resistance can be boosted by larval exposure to a dead pathogen, a promising approach that deserves further study.
Book Synopsis Effects of Larval Nosema Ceranae Infection on Adult Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Morphology and Physiology by : Lee BenVau
Download or read book Effects of Larval Nosema Ceranae Infection on Adult Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Morphology and Physiology written by Lee BenVau and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nosema ceranae is an important honey bee pathogen that has been implicated in CCD. Until recently, it was thought to be exclusively a disease of adult bees, but recent findings indicate that it can also infect larvae. Thus, little is known about the effects of larval Nosema infection. Vitellogenin (Vg) is a key protein necessary for egg-laying, production of brood food, proper immune function, and promotion of longevity through the reduction of oxidative stress. In worker bees, Vg increases in bees of nursing age, at approximately 7 days of age. We therefore investigated the effects of larval Nosema infection on hemolymph Vg and total protein concentration. Larvae infected by a high dose of Nosema ceranae spores developed into adults with 2 fold higher Vg titers. However, they also had 1.3 fold lower total hemolymph protein titers. Thus, Nosema infection resulted in a corresponding 1.7 fold increase in percentage Vg compared to control. Infected bees also had 1.1 fold fewer barbs than did control bees and, we found an inverse relationship between Vg and the number of barbs per lancet. Overall, adult infected bees were not significantly different from controls. Our results indicate that larval N. ceranae infection has a greater impact than does adult infection on adult honey bees. Overall, Nosema ceranae accelerates aging and causes infected bees to resemble older workers or queens.
Book Synopsis Immune and Behavioural Responses of Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) to Nosema Ceranae Infection and Genetic Variation of the Pathogen by : Pegah Valizadeh
Download or read book Immune and Behavioural Responses of Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) to Nosema Ceranae Infection and Genetic Variation of the Pathogen written by Pegah Valizadeh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nosema disease in honey bees (Apis mellifera) is caused by either the microsporidium, Nosema apis or Nosema ceranae. It has been proposed that N. ceranae originated in east Asia as a pathogen of Apis cerana, and then spread worldwide infecting A. mellifera. To examine this, the genetic variation of N. ceranae samples from Vietnam, Iran, Ontario-Canada, Alberta-Canada, United States, Mexico and Argentina was investigated using novel genetic markers for this pathogen, simple sequence repeat (SSR) length polymorphisms and translation elongation factor-1 alpha sequence. Both markers showed that the highest genetic variation was in Vietnam, and the translation elongation factor-1 alpha sequence showed that only the most common genotype in Vietnam was detectable in other parts of the world. The SSR length polymorphisms also detected some variation in other parts of the world, which corresponded to the international movement of honey bee queens. The results are consistent with N. ceranae being an invasive species with a subset of N. ceranae genotypes spreading from southeast Asia. Several microbial-derived products were tested for their ability to induce innate immunity against nosema disease in A. mellifera. Feeding chitosan or peptidoglycan significantly reduced spore numbers and altered expression of the antimicrobial peptide genes, hymenoptaecin and defensin2, and the autophagy-related gene, blue cheese, of adult honey bees. A study on the effect of N. ceranae infection, as well as infection along with chitosan and peptidoglycan treatment revealed that hygienic behaviour of A. mellifera was not affected by infection or treatment. However, chitosan or peptidoglycan treatment stimulated foraging behaviour. Peptidoglycan and N. ceranae infection without treatment did not alter the proboscis extension reflex (PER), but chitosan significantly decreased memory retention on the first day, but not later days, of the PER test. Chitosan and peptidoglycan treatment also increased the survivorship compared to N. ceranae infection without treatment. Chitosan and peptidoglycan are promising alternative treatments for nosema disease, reducing pathogen reproduction, increasing longevity and stimulating foraging behaviour.
Book Synopsis Autoclaved Nosema Ceranae Spores Immune Adult Apis Mellifera Against Future Infection by : Andrey Rubanov
Download or read book Autoclaved Nosema Ceranae Spores Immune Adult Apis Mellifera Against Future Infection written by Andrey Rubanov and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apis mellifera, the Western honey bee, is an essential pollinator in a multitude of worldwide ecosystems, and occupies a prominent niche in the agricultural industry. Microsporidia like Nosema ceranae are a serious threat to colony health; we demonstrated that immune priming (IP) of newly emerged A. mellifera workers using autoclaved N. ceranae spores can activate an immune response, resulting in lower infection levels after subsequent challenge with live N. ceranae spores. Upon death, bees that were immune primed and challenged were observed to have significantly lower (34%) infection levels compared to control bees that were not immune primed. Immune primed bees also demonstrated a decreased rate of infection. However, the benefit of IP was partially offset by tradeoff in longevity. IP bees survived slightly (1 d) but significantly less than control bees that were not primed or challenged. To determine the mechanisms involved, we analyzed immune gene expression levels of four Toll genes involved in fighting N. ceranae infection. We did not obtain clear results due to high variation in gene expression. However, IP significantly increased expression of apidaecin, hymenoptaecin, and defensin-1, and this may account for a decreased level and rate of infection in IP bees that were subsequently challenged with live spores.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Martin Giurfa
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Martin Giurfa and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavior of insects transcends elementary forms of adaptive responding to environmental changes. We discuss examples of exploration, instrumental and observational learning, expectation, learning in a social context, and planning of future actions. We show that learning about sensory cues allows insects to transfer flexibly their responses to novel stimuli attaining thereby different levels of complexity, from basic generalization to categorization and concept learning consistent with rule extraction. We argue that updating of existing memories requires multiple forms of memory processing. A key element in these processes is working memory, an active form of memory considered to allow evaluation of actions on the basis of expected outcome. We discuss which of these cognitive faculties can be traced to specific neural processes and how they relate to the overall organization of the insect brain.
Book Synopsis Intensity of Nosema Ceranae Infection and Survival Effects Strongly Depend on Colony Background by : Edmund Lau
Download or read book Intensity of Nosema Ceranae Infection and Survival Effects Strongly Depend on Colony Background written by Edmund Lau and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, plays an important role in agriculture worldwide, but managed colonies have faced considerable losses in recent years, including a 41% winter loss of U.S. managed colonies in 2019. A widespread contributing factor is a microsporidian pathogen, Nosema ceranae, which has spread to colonies worldwide, developed a resistance to antibiotic treatment, and can alter the host's immune response and nutritional uptake. These obligate gut pathogens share their environment with a natural honey bee microbiome whose composition can affect pathogen resistance. We tested the effect of N. ceranae infection on this microbiome by feeding 5 d old adult bees (with developed natural microbiomes) with live N. ceranae spores (40,000 per bee) or a sterile 2.0 M sucrose solution. We caged and reared these bees in a controlled lab environment and tracked their mortality over 12 d, after which we dissected them, measured their infection levels (spore counts), and prepared samples for future microbiome analyses. Bees fed live spores had two-fold higher mortality by 12 d, as well as 36.5-fold more spores per bee as compared to controls. In addition, we found strong colony effects on infection, confirming that susceptibility to N. ceranae varies widely between colonies. By analyzing the microbiome of the most resistant bees, future studies can be performed to determine how these microbes affect resistance of honey bees to microsporidian infections.
Book Synopsis Nosema Disease by : Floyd E. Moeller
Download or read book Nosema Disease written by Floyd E. Moeller and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Status of Pollinators in North America by : National Research Council
Download or read book Status of Pollinators in North America written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.
Book Synopsis Honey Bee Diseases and Pests by : Wolfgang Ritter (Bee pathologist)
Download or read book Honey Bee Diseases and Pests written by Wolfgang Ritter (Bee pathologist) and published by FAO. This book was released on 2006 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Control of diseases and pests of honey bees is one of most challenging tasks in improving quality of honey and honey bee by-products, especially for the beekeepers in developing countries. This publication describes common diseases and pests of honey bees and their importance and provides a practical guide to the basic technology available to beekeepers for their control and prevention.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251350051 Total Pages :78 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Responsible use of antimicrobials in beekeeping by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Responsible use of antimicrobials in beekeeping written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines focus on responsible use of antimicrobials in sustainable apiculture. Following a one-health approach, they aim to protect not only honey bees, but even human health (e.g. reducing the risks of residues in hive products and preventing development of antimicrobial resistance) and the environment. The best way to reach this goal is to prevent and to guarantee the early detection of clinical cases of the main honey bee diseases through the application of good beekeeping practices and biosecurity measures. And when medicines are needed for the honey bees, specific indication is provided to reduce their impact: choosing medicines with a low environmental impact, using them timely, prudently and following the due instructions. It is imperative to apply only those active ingredients that are registered for the honey bees and that are ideally prescribed by a veterinarian. Antibiotics should always be avoided as much as possible to reduce risks of residues in hive products and to prevent risks of antimicrobial resistance. Prudent and limited use of antimicrobials in beekeeping benefits the quality of bee products and the safety of surrounding ecosystems, while also slowing development of antimicrobial resistance, which is a widespread issue affecting multiple sectors. Finally, in this document, for the first time, a progressive management pathway (PMP) has been devised for honey bees, as well as surveys were created to assess current beekeeping practices and general awareness of topical issues such as AMR. The overall aim of these guidelines is to provide information of current challenges within the sector and orientate towards sustainable production and honey bee colony health.
Download or read book Microsporidia written by Louis M. Weiss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microsporidia: Pathogens of Opportunity provides a systematic overview of the biology of microsporidia. Written by leading experts in the field, the book combines background and basic information on microsporidia with descriptive methods and resources for working with the pathogen. Newly revised and updated for its second edition, Microsporidia will continue to be the standard text reference for these pathogenic protists, and is an indispensable research resource for biologists, physicians and parasitologists. This new edition of this publication provides systematic reviews of the biology of this pathogen by leading experts in the field, and will be combined with descriptions of the methods and resources for working with this pathogen. • Provides a comprehensive summary of literature on microsporidia and microsporidiosis • The long-awaited update to the standard microsporidia reference text The Microsporidia and Microsporidiosis • Written by an international team of authors representing each of the main research groups working on microsporidia • Chapters provide comprehensive overviews of general methodology as well as special techniques related to these organisms
Book Synopsis Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases by : Roger A. Morse
Download or read book Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases written by Roger A. Morse and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Behavior, Amino Acids of the Hemolymph, and Development of Hypopharynceal Glands of Nosema-diseased Worker Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera L. on the Ability of Queen(s) to Escape Infection by Nosema Apis Zander by : Der-I Wang
Download or read book The Effects of Behavior, Amino Acids of the Hemolymph, and Development of Hypopharynceal Glands of Nosema-diseased Worker Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera L. on the Ability of Queen(s) to Escape Infection by Nosema Apis Zander written by Der-I Wang and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Microsporidia and Microsporidiosis by : Murray Wittner
Download or read book The Microsporidia and Microsporidiosis written by Murray Wittner and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nosema Epidemiology and Control in Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) Under Canadian Prairie Conditions by : Rosanna N. Punko
Download or read book Nosema Epidemiology and Control in Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) Under Canadian Prairie Conditions written by Rosanna N. Punko and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are vulnerable to many diseases, including two species of the fungus Nosema, namely Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Nosema ceranae appears to be replacing Nosema apis, but its epidemiology, responses to drug treatments, climate, and wintering methods, and impact on colony productivity and survival are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the seasonal pattern of Nosema abundance in two Alberta locations using indoor and outdoor wintering methods and the impact of Nosema on honey bee colony population and survival. This study also assessed the effects of spring and fall fumagillin treatment on spore abundance and colony productivity and mortality. Colonies that were naturally infected with Nosema had predominantly N. ceranae, but some had both N. ceranae and N. apis. Nosema ceranae had high spore abundance in spring, declining to low levels in the summer and fall. There was no clear pattern for differences in Nosema abundance between locations. Colonies that were wintered indoors had one-fifth the probability of mortality at similar Nosema abundance and more rapid spring population build-up than outdoor-wintered colonies. This suggests that the mitigation of temperature stress associated with indoor wintering reduced the impact of Nosema infections on colonies more than any potential benefits associated with late winter cleansing flights. Consequently, the existing Nosema threshold should be lower for outdoor-wintered colonies than those wintered indoors. Average Nosema abundance in the spring was a significant predictor of end-of-study winter colony mortality, highlighting the importance of spring Nosema monitoring and treatments. Fumagillin treatment in the spring and/or fall reduced Nosema abundance but did not eliminate the infection, making continued monitoring necessary. Honey bee colony population was improved by spring treatment, but not consistently between locations and years, possibly due to the late treatment application at a lower dosage than the label recommends. Previous spring and/or fall fumagillin treatment did not reduce spring Nosema abundance or increase colony population in the following spring. Therefore, to maintain low spring N. ceranae abundance, colonies should be treated in the spring even if treated in the previous fall. Treating with fumagillin in both the spring and fall increased colony survival in one of two years.
Book Synopsis Honey Bee Medicine for the Veterinary Practitioner by : Terry Ryan Kane
Download or read book Honey Bee Medicine for the Veterinary Practitioner written by Terry Ryan Kane and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide to the health care of honey bees Honey Bee Medicine for the Veterinary Practitioner offers an authoritative guide to honey bee health and hive management. Designed for veterinarians and other professionals, the book presents information useful for answering commonly asked questions and for facilitating hive examinations. The book covers a wide range of topics including basic husbandry, equipment and safety, anatomy, genetics, the diagnosis and management of disease. It also includes up to date information on Varroa and other bee pests, introduces honey bee pharmacology and toxicology, and addresses native bee ecology. This new resource: Offers a guide to veterinary care of honey bees Provides information on basic husbandry, examination techniques, nutrition, and more Discusses how to successfully handle questions and 'hive calls' Includes helpful photographs, line drawings, tables, and graphs Written for veterinary practitioners, veterinary students, veterinary technicians, scientists, and apiarists, Honey Bee Medicine for the Veterinary Practitioner is a comprehensive and practical book on honey bee health.
Book Synopsis Insect Pathology by : Yoshinori Tanada
Download or read book Insect Pathology written by Yoshinori Tanada and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect Pathology is designed for a broad spectrum of readers. Is should be useful to students, lecturers, and researchers requiring information about the principles in insect pathology and the biology of pathogens. It should serve as a resource for specialists to learn about other insect pathogen systems, for generalists to become aware of advances in insect pathology, and for scientists and students, beginning or otherwise, interested in learning about insect pathology. This book was originally intended to update the 1949 test by E. A. Steinhaus entitled Principles of Insect Pathology. The purpose for this book was twofold: To serve (1) as a text for an insect pathology and/or biological control class and (2) as a comprehensive reference source. Because this book summarizes much of the available information, its usefulness as a textbook for an insect pathology class is apparent. Although the literature citations are extensive, they are far from complete. The literature in insect pathology is voluminous and for the past decade has been expanding at an almost exponential rate. A complete review of the literature is beyond the scope of the book, and an omission of a reference does not preclude its importance. Our citations, however, should serve as a good starting point for those who wish to obtain further information. We have attempted to cover equally all subdisciplines, but shortcomings are unavoidable. For these, we take full responsibility.
