Factual And Plausible Reasoning

Download Factual And Plausible Reasoning full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Factual And Plausible Reasoning ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning [Two Volumes in One]

Author : George Polya
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781614275572
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (755 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning [Two Volumes in One] by : George Polya

Download or read book Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning [Two Volumes in One] written by George Polya and published by . This book was released on 2014-01 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2014 Reprint of 1954 American Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. This two volume classic comprises two titles: "Patterns of Plausible Inference" and "Induction and Analogy in Mathematics." This is a guide to the practical art of plausible reasoning, particularly in mathematics, but also in every field of human activity. Using mathematics as the example par excellence, Polya shows how even the most rigorous deductive discipline is heavily dependent on techniques of guessing, inductive reasoning, and reasoning by analogy. In solving a problem, the answer must be guessed at before a proof can be given, and guesses are usually made from a knowledge of facts, experience, and hunches. The truly creative mathematician must be a good guesser first and a good prover afterward; many important theorems have been guessed but no proved until much later. In the same way, solutions to problems can be guessed, and a god guesser is much more likely to find a correct solution. This work might have been called "How to Become a Good Guesser."-From the Dust Jacket.

Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning: Patterns of plausible inference

Author : G. Polya
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691025100
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (251 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning: Patterns of plausible inference by : G. Polya

Download or read book Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning: Patterns of plausible inference written by G. Polya and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1990-08-23 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Here the author of How to Solve It explains how to become a "good guesser." Marked by G. Polya's simple, energetic prose and use of clever examples from a wide range of human activities, this two-volume work explores techniques of guessing, inductive reasoning, and reasoning by analogy, and the role they play in the most rigorous of deductive disciplines."--Book cover.

Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

Author : Jon Doyle
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning by : Jon Doyle

Download or read book Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning written by Jon Doyle and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 1994 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of KR '94 comprise 55 papers on topics including deduction an search, description logics, theories of knowledge and belief, nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision, action and time, planning and decision-making and reasoning about the physical world, and the relations between KR

Patterns of Plausible Inference

Author : George Pólya
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780691080062
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Patterns of Plausible Inference by : George Pólya

Download or read book Patterns of Plausible Inference written by George Pólya and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the practical art of plausible reasoning, this book has relevance in every field of intellectual activity. Professor Polya, a world-famous mathematician from Stanford University, uses mathematics to show how hunches and guesses play an important part in even the most rigorously deductive science. He explains how solutions to problems can be guessed at; good guessing is often more important than rigorous deduction in finding correct solutions. Vol. II, on Patterns of Plausible Inference, attempts to develop a logic of plausibility. What makes some evidence stronger and some weaker? How does one seek evidence that will make a suspected truth more probable? These questions involve philosophy and psychology as well as mathematics.

Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning, Volume 2

Author : G. Polya
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400823722
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning, Volume 2 by : G. Polya

Download or read book Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning, Volume 2 written by G. Polya and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the practical art of plausible reasoning, this book has relevance in every field of intellectual activity. Professor Polya, a world-famous mathematician from Stanford University, uses mathematics to show how hunches and guesses play an important part in even the most rigorously deductive science. He explains how solutions to problems can be guessed at; good guessing is often more important than rigorous deduction in finding correct solutions. Vol. II, on Patterns of Plausible Inference, attempts to develop a logic of plausibility. What makes some evidence stronger and some weaker? How does one seek evidence that will make a suspected truth more probable? These questions involve philosophy and psychology as well as mathematics.

Plausible Reasoning

Author : Nicholas Rescher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Plausible Reasoning by : Nicholas Rescher

Download or read book Plausible Reasoning written by Nicholas Rescher and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning: Patterns of plausible inference

Author : George Pólya
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning: Patterns of plausible inference by : George Pólya

Download or read book Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning: Patterns of plausible inference written by George Pólya and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Interpreting Philosophy

Author : Nicholas Rescher
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110326973
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Interpreting Philosophy by : Nicholas Rescher

Download or read book Interpreting Philosophy written by Nicholas Rescher and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphilosophy is philosophy’s poor and neglected cousin. Philosophers are on the whole too busy doing philosophy to take time to stand back and consider reflectively how the project itself actually works. And they lead tend to produce texts without too much consideration of how this looks from the standpoint of the consumer. All this, it seems to be, affords good reason for attending to philosophical hermeneutics, reflecting on the issue of how philosophical texts are to be understood and interpreted.

Cognitive Reasoning

Author : Oleg M. Anshakov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540688757
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cognitive Reasoning by : Oleg M. Anshakov

Download or read book Cognitive Reasoning written by Oleg M. Anshakov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-11 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dealing with uncertainty, moving from ignorance to knowledge, is the focus of cognitive processes. Understanding these processes and modelling, designing, and building artificial cognitive systems have long been challenging research problems. This book describes the theory and methodology of a new, scientifically well-founded general approach, and its realization in the form of intelligent systems applicable in disciplines ranging from social sciences, such as cognitive science and sociology, through natural sciences, such as life sciences and chemistry, to applied sciences, such as medicine, education, and engineering. The main subject developed in the book is cognitive reasoning investigated at three levels of abstraction: conceptual, formal, and realizational. The authors offer a model of a cognizing agent for the conceptual theory of cognitive reasoning, and they also present a logically well-founded formal cognitive reasoning framework to handle the various plausible reasoning methods. They conclude with an object model of a cognitive engine. The book is suitable for researchers, scientists, and graduate students working in the areas of artificial intelligence, mathematical logic, and philosophy.

Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence

Author : MKP
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483298604
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence by : MKP

Download or read book Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence written by MKP and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertainty Proceedings 1994

Uncertainty Management in Information Systems

Author : Amihai Motro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792398035
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Uncertainty Management in Information Systems by : Amihai Motro

Download or read book Uncertainty Management in Information Systems written by Amihai Motro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertainty Management in Information Systems: From Needs to Solutions is a book about how information systems can be made to manage information permeated with uncertainty. This subject is at the intersection of two areas of knowledge: information systems is an area that concentrates on the design of practical systems that can store and retrieve information; uncertainty modeling is an area in artificial intelligence concerned with accurate representation of uncertain information and with inference and decision-making under conditions infused with uncertainty. The first part of this book describes issues and challenges in the area of imperfect information that confront information systems, and the second part covers the principal theories for modeling imperfect information, and shows how these theories may be adapted to information systems. All chapters are original contributions and present solutions that have been applied and the experiences that have been gained from those solutions. The material has been closely edited by the book's editors for content, consistency and style. This authoritative book is state-of-the-art coverage of `Uncertainty Management in Information Systems'.

Reasoning About Knowledge

Author : Ronald Fagin
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262562003
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Reasoning About Knowledge by : Ronald Fagin

Download or read book Reasoning About Knowledge written by Ronald Fagin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-01-09 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reasoning about knowledge—particularly the knowledge of agents who reason about the world and each other's knowledge—was once the exclusive province of philosophers and puzzle solvers. More recently, this type of reasoning has been shown to play a key role in a surprising number of contexts, from understanding conversations to the analysis of distributed computer algorithms. Reasoning About Knowledge is the first book to provide a general discussion of approaches to reasoning about knowledge and its applications to distributed systems, artificial intelligence, and game theory. It brings eight years of work by the authors into a cohesive framework for understanding and analyzing reasoning about knowledge that is intuitive, mathematically well founded, useful in practice, and widely applicable. The book is almost completely self-contained and should be accessible to readers in a variety of disciplines, including computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science, and game theory. Each chapter includes exercises and bibliographic notes.

A System of Pragmatic Idealism, Volume III

Author : Nicholas Rescher
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 140086383X
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A System of Pragmatic Idealism, Volume III by : Nicholas Rescher

Download or read book A System of Pragmatic Idealism, Volume III written by Nicholas Rescher and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third and final volume of A System of Pragmatic Idealism, a series that will synthesize the life's work of the philosopher Nicholas Rescher. Rescher's numerous books and articles, which address almost every major philosophical topic, reflect a unified approach: the combination of pragmatism and idealism characteristic of his thinking throughout his career. The three related but independently readable books of the series present Rescher's system as a whole. In combining leading ideas of European continental idealism and American pragmatism in a new way, Rescher has created an integrated philosophical position in which the central concepts of these two traditions become a coherent totality. The initial volume in the series was dedicated to epistemology, the philosophy of science, and the philosophy of nature, while the second dealt with issues of value theory, ethics, and practical philosophy. In Volume III Rescher examines the nature of philosophical inquiry itself, seeking to affirm the classical conception of philosophy as a significant problem-solving enterprise that draws on the whole range of human experience to attempt to resolve the "big questions." Originally published in 1994. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems

Author : Judea Pearl
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080514898
Total Pages : 573 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems by : Judea Pearl

Download or read book Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems written by Judea Pearl and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems is a complete and accessible account of the theoretical foundations and computational methods that underlie plausible reasoning under uncertainty. The author provides a coherent explication of probability as a language for reasoning with partial belief and offers a unifying perspective on other AI approaches to uncertainty, such as the Dempster-Shafer formalism, truth maintenance systems, and nonmonotonic logic. The author distinguishes syntactic and semantic approaches to uncertainty--and offers techniques, based on belief networks, that provide a mechanism for making semantics-based systems operational. Specifically, network-propagation techniques serve as a mechanism for combining the theoretical coherence of probability theory with modern demands of reasoning-systems technology: modular declarative inputs, conceptually meaningful inferences, and parallel distributed computation. Application areas include diagnosis, forecasting, image interpretation, multi-sensor fusion, decision support systems, plan recognition, planning, speech recognition--in short, almost every task requiring that conclusions be drawn from uncertain clues and incomplete information. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems will be of special interest to scholars and researchers in AI, decision theory, statistics, logic, philosophy, cognitive psychology, and the management sciences. Professionals in the areas of knowledge-based systems, operations research, engineering, and statistics will find theoretical and computational tools of immediate practical use. The book can also be used as an excellent text for graduate-level courses in AI, operations research, or applied probability.

Beyond Shanghai and PISA

Author : Binyan Xu
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030681572
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Beyond Shanghai and PISA by : Binyan Xu

Download or read book Beyond Shanghai and PISA written by Binyan Xu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-07 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to illustrate the research on mathematics competencies and disposition in China according to the conceptual development and empirical investigation perspective. Mathematics education in China has a distinguishing feature a focus of attention to mathematical competency. Paradoxically, there has not been an explicit, refined, and measurable evaluation system in place to assess mathematical competency in China. While academic achievement surveys or evaluations are common, these can only give an overall conclusion about mathematical thinking skills or problem solving abilities. In response to this deficiency, China is beginning to carry out national projects that emphasize defining both a conceptual framework on core competencies in school mathematics and developing a corresponding assessment framework. Thus, the main focus of this volume is the current investigations of different mathematics competencies and mathematical disposition of Chinese students, with the aim of promoting interaction between domestic and international student performance assessment, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of mathematics competencies and disposition in mainland China, and to stimulate innovative new directions in research. The primary audience of this volume is the large group of researchers interested in mathematics competencies, mathematics teaching and learning in China, or comparative studies, or the relation of the three. The book will also appeal to teaching trainers or instructors, as well as be an appropriate resource for graduate courses or seminars at either the master’s or doctoral level.

Abductive Reasoning

Author : Douglas Walton
Publisher : University of Alabama Press
ISBN 13 : 0817357823
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (173 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Abductive Reasoning by : Douglas Walton

Download or read book Abductive Reasoning written by Douglas Walton and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the role of abductive inference in everyday argumentation and legal evidence Examines three areas in which abductive reasoning is especially important: medicine, science, and law. The reader is introduced to abduction and shown how it has evolved historically into the framework of conventional wisdom in logic. Discussions draw upon recent techniques used in artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of multi-agent systems and plan recognition, to develop a dialogue model of explanation. Cases of causal explanations in law are analyzed using abductive reasoning, and all the components are finally brought together to build a new account of abductive reasoning. By clarifying the notion of abduction as a common and significant type of reasoning in everyday argumentation, Abductive Reasoning will be useful to scholars and students in many fields, including argumentation, computing and artificial intelligence, psychology and cognitive science, law, philosophy, linguistics, and speech communication and rhetoric.

ARPA/Rome Laboratory Knowledge-based Planning and Scheduling Initiative Workshop Proceedings, Tuscon, Arizona, February 21-24, 1994

Author :
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 : 9781558603455
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis ARPA/Rome Laboratory Knowledge-based Planning and Scheduling Initiative Workshop Proceedings, Tuscon, Arizona, February 21-24, 1994 by :

Download or read book ARPA/Rome Laboratory Knowledge-based Planning and Scheduling Initiative Workshop Proceedings, Tuscon, Arizona, February 21-24, 1994 written by and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 1994 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: