Face Masks Public Policies And Slowing The Spread Of Covid 19

Download Face Masks Public Policies And Slowing The Spread Of Covid 19 full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Face Masks Public Policies And Slowing The Spread Of Covid 19 ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals

Author : Matt J. Keeling
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400841038
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals by : Matt J. Keeling

Download or read book Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals written by Matt J. Keeling and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-19 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For epidemiologists, evolutionary biologists, and health-care professionals, real-time and predictive modeling of infectious disease is of growing importance. This book provides a timely and comprehensive introduction to the modeling of infectious diseases in humans and animals, focusing on recent developments as well as more traditional approaches. Matt Keeling and Pejman Rohani move from modeling with simple differential equations to more recent, complex models, where spatial structure, seasonal "forcing," or stochasticity influence the dynamics, and where computer simulation needs to be used to generate theory. In each of the eight chapters, they deal with a specific modeling approach or set of techniques designed to capture a particular biological factor. They illustrate the methodology used with examples from recent research literature on human and infectious disease modeling, showing how such techniques can be used in practice. Diseases considered include BSE, foot-and-mouth, HIV, measles, rubella, smallpox, and West Nile virus, among others. Particular attention is given throughout the book to the development of practical models, useful both as predictive tools and as a means to understand fundamental epidemiological processes. To emphasize this approach, the last chapter is dedicated to modeling and understanding the control of diseases through vaccination, quarantine, or culling. Comprehensive, practical introduction to infectious disease modeling Builds from simple to complex predictive models Models and methodology fully supported by examples drawn from research literature Practical models aid students' understanding of fundamental epidemiological processes For many of the models presented, the authors provide accompanying programs written in Java, C, Fortran, and MATLAB In-depth treatment of role of modeling in understanding disease control

Unmasked

Author : Ian Miller
Publisher : Post Hill Press
ISBN 13 : 163758377X
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (375 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Unmasked by : Ian Miller

Download or read book Unmasked written by Ian Miller and published by Post Hill Press. This book was released on 2022-02-11 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masks have been a ubiquitous and oft-politicized aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Years of painstakingly organized pre-pandemic planning documents led public health experts to initially discourage the use of masks, or even insinuate that they could lead to increased rates of spread. Yet seemingly in a matter of days in spring 2020, leading infectious disease scientists and organizations reversed their previous positions and recommended masking as the key tool to slow the spread of COVID and dramatically reduce infections. Unmasked tells the story of how effective or ineffective masks and mask mandate policies were in impacting the trajectory of the pandemic throughout the world. Author Ian Miller covers the earliest days of the pandemic, from experts such as Dr. Anthony Fauci contradicting their previous statements and recommending masks as the most important policy intervention against the spread of COVID, to the months afterward as many locations around the globe mandated masks in nearly all public settings. With easy-to-understand charts and visual aids, along with detailed, clear explanations of the dramatic shift in policy and expectations, Unmasked makes the data-driven case that masks might not have achieved the goals that Fauci and other public health experts created.

Reusability of Facemasks During an Influenza Pandemic

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309101824
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Reusability of Facemasks During an Influenza Pandemic by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Reusability of Facemasks During an Influenza Pandemic written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-08-24 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Any strategy to cope with an influenza pandemic must be based on the knowledge and tools that are available at the time an epidemic may occur. In the near term, when we lack an adequate supply of vaccine and antiviral medication, strategies that rely on social distancing and physical barriers will be relatively more prominent as means to prevent spread of disease. The use of respirators and facemasks is one key part of a larger strategy to establish barriers and increase distance between infected and uninfected individuals. Respirators and facemasks may have a role in both clinical care and community settings. Reusability of Facemasks During an Influenza Pandemic: Facing the Flu answers a specific question about the role of respirators and facemasks to reduce the spread of flu: Can respirators and facemasks that are designed to be disposable be reused safely and effectively? The committee-assisted by outstanding staff-worked intensively to review the pertinent literature; consult with manufacturers, researchers, and medical specialists; and apply their expert judgment. This report offers findings and recommendations based on the evidence, pointing to actions that are appropriate now and to lines of research that can better inform future decisions.

Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309670381
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-11-28 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When communities face complex public health emergencies, state local, tribal, and territorial public health agencies must make difficult decisions regarding how to effectively respond. The public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) system, with its multifaceted mission to prevent, protect against, quickly respond to, and recover from public health emergencies, is inherently complex and encompasses policies, organizations, and programs. Since the events of September 11, 2001, the United States has invested billions of dollars and immeasurable amounts of human capital to develop and enhance public health emergency preparedness and infrastructure to respond to a wide range of public health threats, including infectious diseases, natural disasters, and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear events. Despite the investments in research and the growing body of empirical literature on a range of preparedness and response capabilities and functions, there has been no national-level, comprehensive review and grading of evidence for public health emergency preparedness and response practices comparable to those utilized in medicine and other public health fields. Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response reviews the state of the evidence on PHEPR practices and the improvements necessary to move the field forward and to strengthen the PHEPR system. This publication evaluates PHEPR evidence to understand the balance of benefits and harms of PHEPR practices, with a focus on four main areas of PHEPR: engagement with and training of community-based partners to improve the outcomes of at-risk populations after public health emergencies; activation of a public health emergency operations center; communication of public health alerts and guidance to technical audiences during a public health emergency; and implementation of quarantine to reduce the spread of contagious illness.

Causal Inference in Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences

Author : Guido W. Imbens
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521885884
Total Pages : 647 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Causal Inference in Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences by : Guido W. Imbens

Download or read book Causal Inference in Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences written by Guido W. Imbens and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents statistical methods for studying causal effects and discusses how readers can assess such effects in simple randomized experiments.

Maximizing Predictive Accuracy

Author : Paul R. Yarnold
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780692700921
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Maximizing Predictive Accuracy by : Paul R. Yarnold

Download or read book Maximizing Predictive Accuracy written by Paul R. Yarnold and published by . This book was released on 2016-05-17 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Procedures to identify mathematical models explicitly yielding optimal (maximum accuracy) solutions for samples were widely studied in the past century, with literatures emerging in fields such as symbolic logic, operations research, mathematical programming, systems engineering, algorithms, computer science, machine intelligence, finance, transportation science, and management science. Broad-spectrum consensus among disparate experts indicates predictive accuracy is an objective function worthy of optimization. In the Optimal (?optimizing?) Data Analysis (ODA) statistical paradigm, an optimization algorithm is first utilized to identify the model that explicitly maximizes predictive accuracy for the sample, and then the resulting optimal performance is evaluated in the context of an application-specific exact statistical architecture. Discovered in 1990, the most basic ODA model was a distribution-free machine learning algorithm used to make maximum accuracy classifications of observations into one of two categories (pass or fail) on the basis of their score on an ordered attribute (test score). When the first book on ODA was written in 2004 a cornucopia of indisputable evidence had already amassed demonstrating that statistical models identified by ODA were more flexible, transparent, intuitive, accurate, parsimonious, and generalizable than competing models instead identified using an unintegrated menagerie of legacy statistical methods. Understanding of ODA methodology skyrocketed over the next decade, and 2014 produced the development of novometric theory ? the conceptual analogue of quantum mechanics for the statistical analysis of classical data. This point was selected to pause to write Maximizing Predictive Accuracy, as a means of organizing and making sense of all that has so-far been learned about ODA, through November of 2015.Researchers exploring ODA for the first time will appreciate the intellectually transparent, intuitive presentation involving minimal use of a few simple equations. Researchers using ODA in their work will appreciate the unmatched flexibility, simplicity, and accuracy of resulting statistical models ? and their generalizability across time and sample. ODA accommodates all metrics, requires no distributional assumptions, allows for analytic weighting of individual observations, explicitly maximizes predictive accuracy (overall, or normed against chance), and supports multiple methods of assessing validity.

Unequal Treatment

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030908265X
Total Pages : 781 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Unequal Treatment by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Unequal Treatment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-06 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.

The Scarlet Plague

Author : Jack London
Publisher : Hesperus Press
ISBN 13 : 1780942036
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Scarlet Plague by : Jack London

Download or read book The Scarlet Plague written by Jack London and published by Hesperus Press. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An old man walks along deserted railway tracks, long since unused and overgrown; beside him a young, feral boy helps him along. It has been 60 years since the great Red Death wiped out mankind, and the handful of survivors from all walks of life have established their own civilization and their own hierarchy in a savage world. Art, science, and all learning has been lost, and the young descendants of the healthy know nothing of the world that was—nothing but myths and make-believe. The old man is the only one who can convey the wonders of that bygone age, and the horrors of the plague that brought about its end. What future lies in store for the remnants of mankind can only be surmised—their ignorance, barbarity, and ruthlessness the only hopes they have. This cataclysmic tale remains a terrifying prophecy of the perils of globalization, which are all too pertinent today.

Optimal Data Analysis

Author : Paul R. Yarnold
Publisher : Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN 13 : 9781557989819
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (898 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Optimal Data Analysis by : Paul R. Yarnold

Download or read book Optimal Data Analysis written by Paul R. Yarnold and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimal Data Analysis: A Guidebook With Software for Windows offers the only statistical analysis paradigm that maximizes (weighted) predictive accuracy. This unique book fully explains this paradigm and includes simple-to-use software that empowers a universe of associated analyses. For any specific sample and exploratory or confirmatory hypothesis, optimal data analysis (ODA) identifies the statistical model that yields maximum predictive accuracy, assesses the exact Type I error rate, and evaluates potential cross-generalizability.

National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness

Author : Joseph R. Biden, Jr.
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1510767614
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness by : Joseph R. Biden, Jr.

Download or read book National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness written by Joseph R. Biden, Jr. and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultimate guide for anyone wondering how President Joe Biden will respond to the COVID-19 pandemic—all his plans, goals, and executive orders in response to the coronavirus crisis. Shortly after being inaugurated as the 46th President of the United States, Joe Biden and his administration released this 200 page guide detailing his plans to respond to the coronavirus pandemic. The National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness breaks down seven crucial goals of President Joe Biden's administration with regards to the coronavirus pandemic: 1. Restore trust with the American people. 2. Mount a safe, effective, and comprehensive vaccination campaign. 3. Mitigate spread through expanding masking, testing, data, treatments, health care workforce, and clear public health standards. 4. Immediately expand emergency relief and exercise the Defense Production Act. 5. Safely reopen schools, businesses, and travel while protecting workers. 6. Protect those most at risk and advance equity, including across racial, ethnic and rural/urban lines. 7. Restore U.S. leadership globally and build better preparedness for future threats. Each of these goals are explained and detailed in the book, with evidence about the current circumstances and how we got here, as well as plans and concrete steps to achieve each goal. Also included is the full text of the many Executive Orders that will be issued by President Biden to achieve each of these goals. The National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness is required reading for anyone interested in or concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on American society.

No Middle Ground

Author : Seth Masket
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780472116898
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (168 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis No Middle Ground by : Seth Masket

Download or read book No Middle Ground written by Seth Masket and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This is a fascinating book. It is one of the best studies of the ways that parties and politics get conducted in any American state. Masket shows that legislators can be perfectly content without parties that control agendas and does a terrific job of explaining the transition from free-wheeling legislators to rigidly partisan voting blocs.” —Sam Popkin, University of California at San Diego “No Middle Ground makes a significant contribution to the study of American parties and legislative politics.” —Matthew Green, Catholic University of America Despite concerns about the debilitating effects of partisanship on democratic government, in recent years political parties have gained strength in state governments as well as in Washington. In many cases these parties function as machines. Unlike machines of the past that manipulated votes, however, today’s machines determine which candidates can credibly compete in a primary. Focusing on the history and politics of California, Seth E. Masket reveals how these machines evolved and how they stay in power by directing money, endorsements, and expertise to favored candidates, who often tend toward the ideological extreme. In a provocative conclusion, Masket argues that politicians are not inherently partisan. Instead, partisanship is thrust upon them by actors outside the government with the power to manipulate primary elections.

Tcl/Tk in a Nutshell

Author : Paul Raines
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN 13 : 0596555792
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (965 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Tcl/Tk in a Nutshell by : Paul Raines

Download or read book Tcl/Tk in a Nutshell written by Paul Raines and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 1999-03-25 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tcl language and Tk graphical toolkit are simple and powerful building blocks for custom applications. The Tcl/Tk combination is increasingly popular because it lets you produce sophisticated graphical interfaces with a few easy commands, develop and change scripts quickly, and conveniently tie together existing utilities or programming libraries.One of the attractive features of Tcl/Tk is the wide variety of commands, many offering a wealth of options. Most of the things you'd like to do have been anticipated by the language's creator, John Ousterhout, or one of the developers of Tcl/Tk's many powerful extensions. Thus, you'll find that a command or option probably exists to provide just what you need.And that's why it's valuable to have a quick reference that briefly describes every command and option in the core Tcl/Tk distribution as well as the most popular extensions. Keep this book on your desk as you write scripts, and you'll be able to find almost instantly the particular option you need.Most chapters consist of alphabetical listings. Since Tk and mega-widget packages break down commands by widget, the chapters on these topics are organized by widget along with a section of core commands where appropriate. Contents include: Core Tcl and Tk commands and Tk widgets C interface (prototypes) Expect [incr Tcl] and [incr Tk] Tix TclX BLT Oratcl, SybTcl, and Tclodbc

Democracy, Accountability, and Representation

Author : Adam Przeworski
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521646161
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (461 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Democracy, Accountability, and Representation by : Adam Przeworski

Download or read book Democracy, Accountability, and Representation written by Adam Przeworski and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-09-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 6 Party Government and Responsiveness: James A. Stimson

Leading Through a Pandemic

Author : Michael J. Dowling
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1510763856
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Leading Through a Pandemic by : Michael J. Dowling

Download or read book Leading Through a Pandemic written by Michael J. Dowling and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-08-25 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A clarifying must-read in these uncertain times.” —GOVERNOR ANDREW CUOMO Journey behind the front lines of the coronavirus pandemic with Northwell Health, New York’s largest health system. What was it like at the epicenter, inside the health system that cared for more COVID-19 patients than any other in the United States? Leading Through a Pandemic: The Inside Story of Lessons Learned about Innovation, Leadership, and Humanity During the COVID-19Crisis takes readers inside Northwell Health, New York’s largest health system. From the C-suite to the front lines, the book reports on groundwork that positioned Northwell as uniquely prepared for the pandemic. Two decades ago, Northwell leaders began preparing for disasters—floods, hurricanes, blackouts, viruses, and more based on the belief that "bad things will happen and we have to be ready." Following a course highly unusual for an American health system, Northwell developed one of the most advanced non-government emergency response systems in the country. Northwell reached a point where leaders could confidently say "we are comfortable being uncomfortable in a crisis." But even with sustained preparation, the pandemic stands as a singularly humbling experience. Leading Through a Pandemic offers guidance on how hospitals and health systems throughout the country can prepare more effectively for the next viral threat. The book includes dramatic stories from the front lines at the peak of the viral assault and lessons of what went well, and what did not. The authors draw upon the Northwell experience to prescribe changes in the health care system for next time. Beyond the obvious need for increased stockpiles of supplies and equipment is the far more challenging task of fundamentally changing the culture of American health care to embrace a more robust emergency response capability in hospitals and systems of all sizes across the nation. The book is a must read for health care professionals, policy-makers, journalists, and readers whose curiosity demands a deeper dive into the surreal realm of the coronavirus pandemic.

The Economic Roots of the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong

Author : Louis Augustin-Jean
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351255495
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Economic Roots of the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong by : Louis Augustin-Jean

Download or read book The Economic Roots of the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong written by Louis Augustin-Jean and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-15 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the autumn of 2014, thousands of people, young and educated in their majority, occupied the chief business district and seat of the government in Hong Kong. The protest, known as the Umbrella Movement, called for ‘genuine democracy’, as well as a fairer social and economic system. The book aims to provide a dynamic framework to explain why socioeconomic forces converged to produce such a situation. Examining increasing inequality, rising prices and stagnating incomes, it stresses the role of economic and social factors, as opposed to the domestic political and constitutional issues often assumed to be the root cause behind the protests. It first argues that globalization and the increasing influence of China’s economy in Hong Kong has weighted on salaries. Second, it shows that the oligopolistic nature of the local economy has generated rents, which have reinforced inequality. The book demonstrates that the younger generation, which is still finding its place in society, has been particularly affected by these phenomena, especially with social mobility at a low point. Offering a new approach to studying the Umbrella Movement, this book will appeal to students and scholars interested in Hong Kong's political landscape, as well Chinese politics more broadly.

Public Health and Human Rights

Author : Chris Beyrer
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801886478
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (864 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Public Health and Human Rights by : Chris Beyrer

Download or read book Public Health and Human Rights written by Chris Beyrer and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2007-09-28 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides critical evidenced based assessements and tools with which to investigate the role of rights abrogation in the health of populations.

Mask Mandates Save Lives

Author : Mr. Niels-Jakob H Hansen
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513577611
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Mask Mandates Save Lives by : Mr. Niels-Jakob H Hansen

Download or read book Mask Mandates Save Lives written by Mr. Niels-Jakob H Hansen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We quantify the effect of mask mandates in the United States. Our regression discontinuity design exploits county-level variation in COVID-19 cases, hospital admissions, and deaths across the border between states with and without mandates. We find a significant and substantial effect—mask mandates reduced new weekly COVID-19 cases, hospital admissions, and deaths by 55, 11 and 0.7 per 100,000 inhabitants on average. Crucially, we find that the effect of mask mandates depends on the attitudes toward mask wearing at the county level, with larger effects in counties more positively inclined towards mask wearing. Our results imply that mandates saved 87,000 lives through December 19, 2020, while a nationwide mandate could have saved 58,000 additional lives. These large effects suggest that mask mandates are a crucial tool to counter pandemics, particularly if accepted widely by the population. Our results are thus also relevant for countries who will not be able to immunize large swaths of their population in the short term.