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Fabrication And Characterization Of Borosilicate Glasses Containing Alpha Radionuclides And Silver From Conversion And Mixed Oxide Facilities Proposed For Russia
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Book Synopsis FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BOROSILICATE GLASSES CONTAINING ALPHA-RADIONUCLIDES AND SILVER FROM CONVERSION AND MIXED-OXIDE FACILITIES PROPOSED FOR RUSSIA. by : L. Jardine
Download or read book FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BOROSILICATE GLASSES CONTAINING ALPHA-RADIONUCLIDES AND SILVER FROM CONVERSION AND MIXED-OXIDE FACILITIES PROPOSED FOR RUSSIA. written by L. Jardine and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid and solid radioactive wastes are formed during conversion of plutonium metal to oxide and during fabrication of weapons-grade plutonium into mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel. In Russia, these wastes are to be processed for disposition by immobilization in either borosilicate glass or cement matrices depending upon the waste stream-specific radionuclide contents. Vitrification is planned for the liquid high-level waste raffinate stream containing the bulk of the Am-241 produced from Pu-241 decay. Previous work on the Russian MOX Fuel Fabrication Facility (R-MFFF) by the Public Joint Stock Corporation (TVEL) [1] showed that this waste stream may contain significant amounts of silver derived from the electrochemical dissolution of PuO2 using a Ag(II) catalyst. The work reported here further investigated silver solubility limits, which, if exceeded in a production glass melter, allow discrete silver grains to form in the glass and also deposit over time on the bottom of a joule-heated ceramic melter. In melters with immersed electrodes, such as the Russian EP-100 for phosphate glasses or the US Duratek DP-100 type melters for borosilicate glasses that are being considered for use at the Siberian Chemical Combine (SCC) Tomsk site, the undissolved silver could cause a short circuit and an unacceptable production melter failure. The silver solubility limit of 3.85 wt% Ag{sub 2}O in liquid, alpha-bearing wastes determined in this work will guide the production scale use of borosilicate glass compositions, and effectively increase the capacity of the ceramic melters and reduce the total volume of solidified vitrified wastes at SCC Tomsk that require storage prior to geologic disposal.
Book Synopsis Conversion of Plutonium-containing Materials Into Borosilicate Glass Using the Glass Material Oxidation and Dissolution System by :
Download or read book Conversion of Plutonium-containing Materials Into Borosilicate Glass Using the Glass Material Oxidation and Dissolution System written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Transition Metal Oxide and Mixed-Network Formers on Structure and Properties of Borosilicate Glasses by : Xiaonan Lu
Download or read book Effects of Transition Metal Oxide and Mixed-Network Formers on Structure and Properties of Borosilicate Glasses written by Xiaonan Lu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First, the effect of transition metal oxide (e.g., V2O5, Co2O3, etc.) on the physical properties (e.g., density, glass transition temperature (Tg), optical properties and mechanical properties) and chemical durability of a simplified borosilicate nuclear waste glass was investigated. Adding V2O5 in borosilicate nuclear waste glasses decreases the Tg, while increasing the fracture toughness and chemical durability, which benefit the future formulation of nuclear waste glasses. Second, structural study of ZrO2/SiO2 substitution in silicate/borosilicate glasses was systematically conducted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and the quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) analysis to correlate structural features with measured properties. Third, for bioactive glass formulation, mixed-network former effect of B2O3 and SiO2 on the structure, as well as the physical properties and bioactivity were studied by both experiments and MD simulation. B2O3/SiO2 substitution of 45S5 and 55S5 bioactive glasses increases the glass network connectivity, correlating well with the reduction of bioactivity tested in vitro. Lastly, the effect of optical dopants on the optimum analytical performance on atom probe tomography (APT) analysis of borosilicate glasses was explored. It was found that optical doping could be an effective way to improve data quality for APT analysis with a green laser assisted system, while laser spot size is found to be critical for optimum performance. The combined experimental and simulation approach adopted in this dissertation led to a deeper understanding of complex borosilicate glass structures and structural origins of various properties.
Book Synopsis Ultrasonic and Structural Characterisation of Borosilicate Glasses Containing HLW Simulants by :
Download or read book Ultrasonic and Structural Characterisation of Borosilicate Glasses Containing HLW Simulants written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preparation and Characterization of an Improved Borosilicate Glass for the Solidification of High Level Radioactive Fission Product Solutions (HLW) by : L. Kahl
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of an Improved Borosilicate Glass for the Solidification of High Level Radioactive Fission Product Solutions (HLW) written by L. Kahl and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Borosilicate Glass Through Confined Compression Testing with Numerical Validation by :
Download or read book Characterization of Borosilicate Glass Through Confined Compression Testing with Numerical Validation written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes two different techniques utilized to characterize intact and damaged borosilicate glass at pressures up to 2 GPa: triaxial compression and confined sleeve. The results of the characterization experiments-for intact and damaged glass as a function of confinement pressure-are described; the results are interpreted in terms of two pressure-dependent constitutive models: Drucker-Prager and Mohr-Columb. Both constitutive models predict correctly the stress-strain response in numerical simulations of the experiments. The Mohr-Coulomb is successful at predicting the damage pattern. An observation is that the slopes of the two models appears to be independent of the degree of damage (intact, predamaged and severely damaged specimens). The two models are then used to compute the penetration velocity of a gold rod into borosilicate glass as a function of impact velocity. From the penetration experiments it was found that the Drucker-Prager and Mohr-Coulomb models required a cap, and low values of the intercepts (zero-pressure values) to replicate the experiments.
Book Synopsis Borosilicate Glasses Containing Tantalum and Strontium for Application in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by : Nicholas J. Coleman
Download or read book Borosilicate Glasses Containing Tantalum and Strontium for Application in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by Nicholas J. Coleman and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Characterisation and Radiation Resistance Study of a Mixed-modifier Borosilicate Glass for HLW Vitrification by : Jonathan Mark Roderick
Download or read book A Characterisation and Radiation Resistance Study of a Mixed-modifier Borosilicate Glass for HLW Vitrification written by Jonathan Mark Roderick and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conversion of Plutonium-Containing Materials Into Borosilicate Glass Using the Glass Material Oxidation and Dissolution System by : C. W. Forsberg
Download or read book Conversion of Plutonium-Containing Materials Into Borosilicate Glass Using the Glass Material Oxidation and Dissolution System written by C. W. Forsberg and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Borosilicate Glasses Containing Fission Products by : G. Malow
Download or read book Borosilicate Glasses Containing Fission Products written by G. Malow and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Barium and Calcium Borosilicate Glasses by : Tyler Mullenbach
Download or read book Characterization of Barium and Calcium Borosilicate Glasses written by Tyler Mullenbach and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Borosilicate Glass Containing Savannah River Plant Radioactive Waste by : Ned E. Bibler
Download or read book Characterization of Borosilicate Glass Containing Savannah River Plant Radioactive Waste written by Ned E. Bibler and published by . This book was released on 1983* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Glass Fabrication and Product Consistency Testing of Lanthanide Borosilicate Glass for Plutonium Disposition by :
Download or read book Glass Fabrication and Product Consistency Testing of Lanthanide Borosilicate Glass for Plutonium Disposition written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management (DOE/EM) plans to conduct the Plutonium Disposition Project at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, SC, to disposition excess weapons-usable plutonium. A plutonium glass waste form is a leading candidate for immobilization of the plutonium for subsequent disposition in a geologic repository. The objectives of this present task were to fabricate plutonium-loaded lanthanide borosilicate (LaBS) Frit B glass and perform testing to provide near-term data that will increase confidence that LaBS glass product is suitable for disposal in the proposed Federal Repository. Specifically, testing was conducted in an effort to provide data to Yucca Mountain Project (YMP) personnel for use in performance assessment calculations. Plutonium containing LaBS glass with the Frit B composition with a 9.5 wt% PuO2 loading was prepared for testing. Glass was prepared to support glass durability testing via the ASTM Product Consistency Testing (PCT) at Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). The glass was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) prior to performance testing. This characterization revealed some crystalline PuO2 inclusions with disk-like morphology present in the as fabricated, quench-cooled glass. A series of PCTs was conducted at SRNL with varying exposed surface area and test durations. Filtered leachates from these tests were analyzed to determine the dissolved concentrations of key elements. The leachate solutions were also ultrafiltered to quantify colloid formation. Leached solids from select PCTs were examined in an attempt to evaluate the Pu and neutron absorber release behavior from the glass and to investigate formation of alteration phases on the glass surface. A series of PCTs was conducted at 90 C in ASTM Type 1 water to compare the Pu LaBS Frit B glass durability to current requirements for High Level Waste (HLW) glass in a geologic repository. The PCT (7-day static test with powdered glass) results on the Pu-containing LaBS Frit B glass at SA/V of ≈ 2000 m−1 showed that the glass was very durable with an average normalized elemental release value for boron of 0.013 g/m2. This boron release value is ≈ 640X lower than normalized boron release from current Environmental Assessment (EA) glass used for repository acceptance. The PCT-B (7, 14, 28 and 56-day, static test with powdered glass) normalized elemental releases were similar to the normalized elemental release values from PCT-A testing, indicating that the LaBS Frit B glass is very durable as measured by the PCT. Normalized plutonium releases were essentially the same within the analytical uncertainty of the ICP-MS methods used to quantify plutonium in the 0.45 [mu]m-filtered leachates and ultra-filtered leachates, indicating that colloidal plutonium species do not form under the PCT conditions used in this study.
Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Glass by : J. David Musgraves
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Glass written by J. David Musgraves and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 1590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides comprehensive treatment of the current state of glass science from the leading experts in the field. Opening with an enlightening contribution on the history of glass, the volume is then divided into eight parts. The first part covers fundamental properties, from the current understanding of the thermodynamics of the amorphous state, kinetics, and linear and nonlinear optical properties through colors, photosensitivity, and chemical durability. The second part provides dedicated chapters on each individual glass type, covering traditional systems like silicates and other oxide systems, as well as novel hybrid amorphous materials and spin glasses. The third part features detailed descriptions of modern characterization techniques for understanding this complex state of matter. The fourth part covers modeling, from first-principles calculations through molecular dynamics simulations, and statistical modeling. The fifth part presents a range of laboratory and industrial glass processing methods. The remaining parts cover a wide and representative range of applications areas from optics and photonics through environment, energy, architecture, and sensing. Written by the leading international experts in the field, the Springer Handbook of Glass represents an invaluable resource for graduate students through academic and industry researchers working in photonics, optoelectronics, materials science, energy, architecture, and more.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Waste Conditioning by : France. Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA)
Download or read book Nuclear Waste Conditioning written by France. Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA) and published by Le Moniteur Editions. This book was released on 2009 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium by : A.K. Suri
Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium written by A.K. Suri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.
