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Exploratory Research On Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept Progress Report April 1 1996 June 30 1996
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Book Synopsis Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. Progress Report, April 1, 1996--June 30, 1996 by :
Download or read book Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. Progress Report, April 1, 1996--June 30, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activities this quarter were conducted under Tasks 2, 3, and 5. Task 2 work concentrated on evaluating the effects of low-severity, first-stage reaction conditions on coal conversions of lignite, subbituminous, and bituminous coals. The impact of artificially weathering bituminous coal was investigated. Large quantities of first-stage product were made using the one-liter reactor for subsequent filtration and catalytic upgrading tests. Test conditions and coal conversions for all microautoclave and one-liter tests made this quarter are presented. Filtration tests examined lignite, subbituminous, and bituminous coal products. The effects on resid conversion of second-stage reaction conditions and catalyst recycle were studied. Task 3 work included the successful transfer of first-stage reactor products to a receiver and the design of an interstage filter. Task 5 work included an ongoing review of the technical and patent literature and expansion of the annotated bibliography. Mass and elemental balances were obtained for selected tests.
Book Synopsis Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. July 1 Through September 30, 1996 by :
Download or read book Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. July 1 Through September 30, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activities this quarter were conducted under Tasks 2, 3, and 5. Task 2 work continued to evaluate the effects of low-severity, first-stage reaction conditions on coal conversions of lignite and subbituminous coal. Solvent type, solvent-to-dry-coal ratio, and substitution of CO and CO/methanol for hydride ion reagents were investigated in microautoclave tests. Large quantities of first-stage product were made using the one-liter reactor for subsequent filtration and catalytic upgrading tests. Filtration was performed on three one- liter autoclave products; each one requiring different filtration conditions. A second-stage catalytic upgrading parametric study was completed. In Task 3, designs were completed for both the large-scale filtration apparatus and the large-scale second-stage catalytic reactor system.
Book Synopsis Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1996--December 31, 1996 by :
Download or read book Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1996--December 31, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A goal of this work was to reduce the cost associated with hydrogen ion reagent À.̀ Microautoclave tests were previously conducted using À/̀dry coal = 1.0. This quarter test were completed using a ratio of 2.0. Conversion was poor at the low ratio. Additional reagents did not improve the conversion.
Book Synopsis Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. [Quarterly Report], January 1--March 31, 1996 by :
Download or read book Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. [Quarterly Report], January 1--March 31, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work this quarter concentrated on evaluating the effects of low- severity, first stage reaction conditions on coal conversions, exploring the effect of solvent-to-coal ratio on filtration performance, exploring the effects of pretreatment on dispersed catalysts for hydrotreating tests, and the installation and calibration of a simulated distillation instrument. Additional work included continued review of the technical and patent literature and expansion of the annotated bibliography.
Book Synopsis Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. [Quarterly Report], May 24--September 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. [Quarterly Report], May 24--September 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONSOL Inc., the University of Kentucky/Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER), and LDP Associates are conducting a three-year research program to explore the technical and economic feasibility of a novel direct coal liquefaction concept. The purpose of this research program is to explore a new approach to direct coal liquefaction in which the primary coal dissolution step is effected by chemical rather than thermal cleavage of bonds in the coal. This is done at a temperature which is significantly lower than that typically used in conventional coal liquefaction. Reaction at this low temperature results in high conversion of the coal to a solubilized form, with little hydrocarbon gas make, and avoids the thermally induced retrograde reactions which are unavoidable in conventional thermal processes. In addition, for low-rank coals, a substantial portion of the oxygen in the coal is removed as CO and CO2 during the dissolution. The higher selectivity to liquid products and rejection of oxygen as carbon oxides should result in improved hydrogen utilization. The basis of the novel concept is the discovery made by CONSOL R & D that certain hydride transfer agents are very active for coal dissolution at temperatures in the range of 350°C. Because of the exploratory nature of the research, the project is divided into sequential tasks that are designed to first evaluate key elements of the process is presented for the following tasks: management plan; evaluation of process steps; engineering and economic study and reporting.
Book Synopsis A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1--June 30, 1996 by :
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1--June 30, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to support the DOE direct coal liquefaction process development program and to improve the useful application of chemical analyses to direct coal liquefaction process development. Independent analyses by well-established methods are obtained of samples produced in direct coal liquefaction processes under evaluation by DOE. Additionally, new analytical instruments and techniques to examine coal-derived samples are being evaluated. The data obtained form this study are used to guide process development and to develop an improved data base on coal and coal liquids properties. A sample bank, established and maintained for use in this project, is available for use by other researchers. The reactivity of the non-distillable resids toward hydrocracking at liquefaction conditions (i.e., resid reactivity) is being examined. From the literature and experimental data, a kinetic model of resid conversion will be constructed. Such a model will provide insights to improve process performance and the economics of direct coal liquefaction.
Book Synopsis Exploratory Research on Solvent Refined Coal Liquefaction by :
Download or read book Exploratory Research on Solvent Refined Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. Technical Report by :
Download or read book Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insaniat written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Advanced Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. Technical Progress, October 1--December 31, 1995 by :
Download or read book Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept. Technical Progress, October 1--December 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this coordinated research program is to explore a new approach to direct coal liquefaction in which the primary coal dissolution step is effected by chemical rather than thermal cleavage of bonds in the coal. This is done at a temperature which is significantly lower than that typically used in conventional coal liquefaction. Reaction at this low temperature results in high conversion of the coal to a solubilized form, with little hydrocarbon gas formed, and avoids the thermally induced retrograde reactions which are unavoidable in conventional thermal processes. In addition, for low-rank coals, a substantial portion of the oxygen in the coal is removed as CO and CO2 during the dissolution. The higher selectivity to liquid products and rejection of oxygen as carbon oxides should result in improved hydrogen utilization. The basis of this novel concept is the discovery made by CONSOL R & D that certain hydride transfer agents are very active for coal dissolution at temperatures in the range of 350°C. Activities during this quarter were conducted under Tasks 2 and 5. The Task 2 work was concentrated on evaluating the effects of first-stage reaction variables on coal conversion using the microautoclave, construction of a 1L reactor system for producing large quantities of first-stage reaction products, microfiltration tests with the first-stage products, and trial operation of the second-stage hydrotreater. Task 5 work was concentrated on the literature survey and defining the cost of production of the hydride ion reagent.
Book Synopsis EXPLORATORY RESEARCH ON NOVEL COAL LIQUEFACTION CONCEPT. by :
Download or read book EXPLORATORY RESEARCH ON NOVEL COAL LIQUEFACTION CONCEPT. written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report presents a summary the work performed under DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-95PC95050. Investigations performed under Task 4--Integrated Flow Sheet Testing are detailed. In this program, a novel direct coal liquefaction technology was investigated by CONSOL Inc. with the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research and LDP Associates. The process concept explored consists of a first-stage coal dissolution step in which the coal is solubilized by hydride ion donation. In the second stage, the products are catalytically upgraded to refinery feedstocks. Integrated first-stage and solids-separation steps were used to prepare feedstocks for second-stage catalytic upgrading. An engineering and economic evaluation was conducted concurrently with experimental work throughout the program. Approaches to reduce costs for a conceptual commercial plant were recommended at the conclusion of Task 3. These approaches were investigated in Task 4. The economic analysis of the process as it was defined at the conclusion of Task 4, indicates that the production of refined product (gasoline) via this novel direct liquefaction technology is higher than the cost associated with conventional two-stage liquefaction technologies.
Book Synopsis Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exploratory Research on Solvent-refined Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1-September 30, 1980 by :
Download or read book Exploratory Research on Solvent-refined Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1-September 30, 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work continued on the study of disposable catalysts and the effect of specific additives in both the SRC I and SRC II processing modes. At 450°C, 2250 psig and 1.0 hour residence time with Loveridge coal in the SRC II mode, yields and hydrogen consumptions were essentially the same for runs with 5 wt % added pyrite or 3.3 wt % added ferric oxide. When Loveridge coal was impregnated with 0.7 wt % molybdenum, slightly higher oil yields and slightly lower hydrocarbon gas, SRC and IOM yields were obtained than with the iron compounds above. When Loveridge coal was processed in the SRC I mode at 450°C, 1900 psig and 26 minutes residence time, there was a 3.7% increase in total oil yield with a corresponding decrease in SRC yield when pyrite was added to the feed slurry. There was a smaller effect with a FeS2/Fe2O3 combination and little or no effect when ferric oxide alone was added.
Book Synopsis Advanced Coal Liquefaction. Final Quarterly Report, April 1, 1996--June 30, 1996 by :
Download or read book Advanced Coal Liquefaction. Final Quarterly Report, April 1, 1996--June 30, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular level liquid phase separations were explored using modified microporous ceramic membrane with pore size reduced from 40Å via chemical vapor deposition. At room temperature, membranes with pore sizes 30Å were sufficient to achieve97% rejection of Naphthyl-bibenzyl-methane (NBBM) from toluene, which was primarily attributed to size exclusion due to hindered diffusion. The rejection diminishes dramatically as the temperature is increased. At 400°C, very small pore sizes are required to separate NBBM from tetralin. In addition to size based separation, active transport at the surface of the membrane was observed at appropriate pore sizes. Also, it was found that the rejection increases along with the transmembrane pressure, probably attributed to the pore size distribution of the membrane. The smaller pore sizes become accessible to the solvent at the higher pressure. Decomposition of NBBM took place at 400°C in a modified membrane packed with the catalyst synthesized using the similar protocol as membranes. The separation property of this membrane at 400°C was analyzed indirectly based upon the reaction product distribution.
Book Synopsis A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1996--September 30, 1996 by :
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1996--September 30, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONSOL completed characterization of 64 samples from five run conditions of HTI Run ALC-1 (227-94), in which raw and cleaned (oil-agglomerated at low pH) Black Thunder Mine subbituminous coal was fed and processed using only dispersed catalysts in the liquefaction reactors. Extraction of THF-soluble resid from the pressure-filter cakes was more complete when agglomerates were fed, leaving only 5% or less THF solubles in the extracted cakes. When raw coal was fed, the extracted cakes contained 9-34% THF solubles. HTI also observed improved filtration during the periods that agglomerates were fed. Improved operability, if verified by additional work, could be an economically significant benefit of coal cleaning by oil agglomeration at low pH. An apparently higher Mo addition rate (see fourth bullet) may have contributed to the benefits of using oil-agglomerated coal. Other stream sample characteristics changed when oil-agglomerated coal was fed in Conditions 2-4, relative to when uncleaned coal was fed in Conditions 1 and 5. The ash content of the 0-6 bottoms samples was lower when oil-agglomerates were fed. The THF-soluble 524°C+ resid concentration in the feed slurry doubled when agglomerated coal was fed. Three factors may have influenced these characteristics. Higher coal conversion would have produced more resid. More efficient toluene-extraction of the filter cake would have recycled more resid. Removal of distillate as product to offset oil fed as part of the agglomerated coal would preferentially recycle the heaviest components.
Book Synopsis Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept - Task 2: Evaluation of Process Steps by :
Download or read book Exploratory Research on Novel Coal Liquefaction Concept - Task 2: Evaluation of Process Steps written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel direct coal liquefaction technology is being investigated in a program being conducted by CONSOL Inc. with the University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research and LDP Associates under DOE Contract DE-AC22-95PC95050. The novel concept consists of a new approach to coal liquefaction chemistry which avoids some of the inherent limitations of current high-temperature thermal liquefaction processes. The chemistry employed is based on hydride ion donation to solubilize coal at temperatures (350-400[degrees]C) significantly lower than those typically used in conventional coal liquefaction. The process concept being explored consists of two reaction stages. In the first stage, the coal is solubilized by hydride ion donation. In the second, the products are catalytically upgraded to acceptable refinery feedstocks. The program explores not only the initial solubilization step, but integration of the subsequent processing steps, including an interstage solids-separation step, to produce distillate products. A unique feature of the process concept is that many of the individual reaction steps can be decoupled, because little recycle around the liquefaction system is expected. This allows for considerable latitude in the process design. Furthermore, this has allowed for each key element in the process to be explored independently in laboratory work conducted under Task 2 of the program.
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