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Experimental And Computational Exploration Of The Fracture Energy In Fiber Composites When Subject To Crack Parallel Compression
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Book Synopsis Experimental and Computational Exploration of the Fracture Energy in Fiber Composites when Subject to Crack Parallel Compression by : Jeremy Brockmann
Download or read book Experimental and Computational Exploration of the Fracture Energy in Fiber Composites when Subject to Crack Parallel Compression written by Jeremy Brockmann and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the global Mode I fracture energy of a carbon fiber composite subject to a biaxial stress state at a crack tip. Both an experimental campaign, in which a novel test setup for composite materials is designed and developed, and a computational campaign are performed to quantify the effects of the biaxial stress state. Using photomicroscopy (PMG) the results from these efforts are explained via meso-scale damage mechanisms at the crack tip. This research represents a gradational step in the continued development of composite fracture mechanics and, as a salient result, indicates the criticality of modeling fiber composites with a finite width fracture process zone (FPZ) and a fully tensorial damage law when simulating quasi-static fracture. Experimentation is performed via a simple modification to the standard three-point-bend (3PB) test on a single edge notched bend (SENB) specimen. Polypropylene pads with a near perfectly plastic yield plateau are placed adjacent to the crack mouth and are used to apply a constant crack parallel compression prior to a bending moment which is induced by rigid rollers that are engaged only once the pads have yielded. Three different size test specimens, geometrically scaled in-plane and held at a constant thickness, are tested. A pre-impregnated, Toray T800H/3900-2 material system is used, and composite panels are manufactured via hand layup, vacuum bagging, and autoclave curing processes. All test specimens are symmetric cross-ply laminates (comprised only of 0° and 90° plies). Cracks are installed into the specimens manually with a mitre box that guides a thin kerf blade (0.508 mm thick) to the desired crack length. Testing is performed on an Instron 5585H load frame where force data is obtained via a transducer on the load frame and displacement is measured through 2D digital image correlation (DIC). The fracture energy is determined using Bažant’s Type II Size Effect Law (SEL). From which it is found that there is a monotonic decrease in the Mode I fracture energy as the crack parallel compressive stress increases. Compared to the nominal value of fracture energy, where no crack parallel compression is applied, the fracture energy is observed to decrease by up to 37% for a compressive stress equal to 44% of the compressive failure limit of the composite. This weakening effect is attributed to splitting cracks that are induced at the crack tip due to the crack parallel compression. This is a novel result that challenges the century old hypothesis of fracture energy being a constant material property. The experiments are also repeated computationally using finite element analysis (FEA) where two modeling approaches are employed. First, the Hashin damage criterion in conjunction with a crack band model and second, cohesive elements are used to define the crack band with a max stress damage criterion. When using the Hashin damage criterion in the crack band the weakening effect and decrease in fracture energy observed experimentally are accurately captured. Conversely, when cohesive elements and the maximum stress criterion model the crack band the simulations overpredict the fracture energy and are grossly off compared to the experimental results. This is explained by the complexity of the constitutive equations that govern damage initiation within the crack band. That is, the Hashin criteria is fully tensorial, including all experienced crack tip stresses in its failure calculation whereas the maximum stress criteria is a reduced tensorial damage law and the presence of a crack parallel compression is absent. This emphasizes the importance of using a crack band model coupled with a full tensorial damage law to accurately predict fracture in composites.
Book Synopsis Damage and Fracture of Composite Materials and Structures by : Mohd Nasir Tamin
Download or read book Damage and Fracture of Composite Materials and Structures written by Mohd Nasir Tamin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-03 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents recent research findings on fracture properties and behavior of the composites, and their damage and cracking process under both quasi-static and impact loading conditions. Theoretical treatment, experimental investigation and numerical simulation aspects of the mechanics of composites, including sandwich structures are included.
Book Synopsis Fracture Mechanics of Composites by : G. P. Sendeckyj
Download or read book Fracture Mechanics of Composites written by G. P. Sendeckyj and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1975 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computational and Experimental Investigation Into Fracture of Brittle Fiber - Brittle Matrix Composite Systems by :
Download or read book Computational and Experimental Investigation Into Fracture of Brittle Fiber - Brittle Matrix Composite Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental and computational analyses provided an improved understanding of quasi-static fracture in model composite systems. Constant displacement compression tests using borosilicate glass double cleavage drilled compression test templates provided qualitative assessments of localized toughening for crack growth near cylindrical inclusions. Large crack-tip stress fields induced interfacial slip and separation prior to arrival of the main crack. Debonding and the proliferation of secondary matrix cracks characterized the role of bridging fibers along weak interfaces. Strong residual normal compressive interfacial stresses diminished the influence of crack-tip stresses; however, slip was still observed. VHS tape and computer enhanced photos record a history of crack propagation and interfacial slip. Experimental data was used to validate a fully three-dimensional computational code capable of analyzing fracture near and around cylindrical inclusions. Consistent variations in the shape of the crack periphery renders confidence in the elasticity solution.
Book Synopsis Application of Fracture Mechanics to Composite Materials by : K. Friedrich
Download or read book Application of Fracture Mechanics to Composite Materials written by K. Friedrich and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multiauthor volume provides a useful summary of current knowledge on the application of fracture mechanics to composite materials. It has been written to fill the gap between the literature on fundamental principles of fracture mechanics and the special publications on the fracture properties of conventional materials, such as metals, polymers and ceramics.The data are represented in the form of about 420 figures (including diagrams, schematics and photographs) and 80 tables. The author index covers more than 500 references, and the subject index more than 1000 key words.
Download or read book Fiber Fracture written by M. Elices and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-11-15 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea for this book came out of the EURESCO Conference on High Performance Fibers: Euroconference on Fiber Fracture in 2000. Many of the books that are currently available look at different aspects of fiber processing, properties, or applications, but none are focussed on the fracture behaviour of fibers. This book presents the mechancisms and models of fiber fracture currently available for both natural and synthetic fibers, and it is expected that increasingly there will be cross fertilization between the fields, opening new frontiers in academic research and more competitive products for industry. It covers the following areas of fiber fracture: ceramic fibers; glass fibers; carbon filters; metallic fibers and thin wires; polymeric fibers; and carbon nanotubes.
Book Synopsis Fracture Failure Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites by : Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
Download or read book Fracture Failure Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites written by Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unified approach to fracture behavior of natural and synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer composites on the basis of fiber orientation, the addition of fillers, characterization, properties and applications. In addition, the book contains an extensive survey of recent improvements in the research and development of fracture analysis of FRP composites that are used to make higher fracture toughness composites in various applications.The FRP composites are an emerging area in polymer science with many structural applications. The rise in materials failure by fracture has forced scientists and researchers to develop new higher strength materials for obtaining higher fracture toughness. Therefore, further knowledge and insight into the different modes of fracture behavior of FRP composites are critical to expanding the range of their application.
Book Synopsis Application of Fracture Mechanics to Cementitious Composites by : S.P. Shah
Download or read book Application of Fracture Mechanics to Cementitious Composites written by S.P. Shah and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portland cement concrete is a relatively brittle material. As a result, mechanical behavior of concrete, conventionally reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, and fiber reinforced concrete is critically influenced by crack propagation. It is, thus, not surprising that attempts are being made to apply the concepts of fracture mechanics to quantify the resistance to cracking in cementious composites. The field of fracture mechanics originated in the 1920's with A. A. Griffith's work on fracture of brittle materials such as glass. Its most significant applications, however, have been for controlling brittle fracture and fatigue failure of metallic structures such as pressure vessels, airplanes, ships and pipe lines. Considerable development has occurred in the last twenty years in modifying Griffith's ideas or in proposing new concepts to account for the ductility typical of metals. As a result of these efforts, standard testing techniques have been available to obtain fracture parameters for metals, and design based on these parameters are included in relevant specifications. Many attempts have been made, in the last two decades or so, to apply the fracture mechanics concepts to cement, mortar, con crete and reinforced concrete. So far, these attempts have not led to a unique set of material parameters which can quantify the resistance of these cementitious composites to fracture. No standard testing methods and a generally accepted theoretical analysis are established for concrete as they are for metals.
Book Synopsis Interface Fracture and Delaminations in Composite Materials by : Leslie Banks-Sills
Download or read book Interface Fracture and Delaminations in Composite Materials written by Leslie Banks-Sills and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part I of this SpringerBrief presents the problem of a crack between two dissimilar isotropic materials and describes the mathematical background. A fracture criterion is discussed and Methods for calculating fracture parameters such as stress intensity factors using the finite element method and three post-processors are considered. Actual test data and both deterministic and statistical failure curves are presented.In Part II of the book, similar descriptions are given for delaminations in composite laminates. The mathematical treatment of this type of damage including the first term of the asymptotic expansion of the stress and displacement fields is considered. Numerical post-processors for determining stress intensity factors for these cases are reviewed. Two examples of specific laminates are presented: one with a failure curve and the other with a failure surface. Finally, beam specimens used for testing such failures are discussed.
Book Synopsis Fracture and Fatigue by : Lawrence J. Broutman
Download or read book Fracture and Fatigue written by Lawrence J. Broutman and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Damage and Fracture Mechanics of Composite Materials by :
Download or read book Damage and Fracture Mechanics of Composite Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interlaminar Fracture of Composites by : Erian A. Armanios
Download or read book Interlaminar Fracture of Composites written by Erian A. Armanios and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE MODELING & ANALYSIS . II. EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION & CHARACTERIZATION . III. INFLUENCE OF MATRIX MATERIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS . IV. DELAMINATION BUCKLING . V. DELAMINATION RESISTANCE CONCEPTS .
Book Synopsis Fracture and Damage of Composites by : M. H. Aliabadi
Download or read book Fracture and Damage of Composites written by M. H. Aliabadi and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering various aspects of dynamic fractures this book contains state-of-the-art contributions from leading scientists in the field of crack dynamics.
Book Synopsis A New Approach to Fracture of Layered Fibrous Composites by : Seung Jae Song
Download or read book A New Approach to Fracture of Layered Fibrous Composites written by Seung Jae Song and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721014330 Total Pages :80 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (143 download)
Book Synopsis Test-Free Fracture Toughness by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Test-Free Fracture Toughness written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational simulation results can give the prediction of damage growth and progression and fracture toughness of composite structures. The experimental data from literature provide environmental effects on the fracture behavior of metallic or fiber composite structures. However, the traditional experimental methods to analyze the influence of the imposed conditions are expensive and time consuming. This research used the CODSTRAN code to model the temperature effects, scaling effects and the loading effects of fiber/braided composite specimens with and without fiber-optic sensors on the damage initiation and energy release rates. The load-displacement relationship and fracture toughness assessment approach is compared with the test results from literature and it is verified that the computational simulation, with the use of established material modeling and finite element modules, adequately tracks the changes of fracture toughness and subsequent fracture propagation for any fiber/braided composite structure due to the change of fiber orientations, presence of large diameter optical fibers, and any loading conditions.Minnetyan, Levon and Chamis, Christos C. (Technical Monitor)Glenn Research CenterFRACTURE STRENGTH; COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION; FIBER COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; COMPUTER PROGRAMS; OPTICAL FIBERS; FIBER ORIENTATION; STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; CRACK PROPAGATION; LOADS (FORCES); SHEAR PROPERTIES
Book Synopsis Fracture Resistance of Engineered Fiber Cementitious Composites and Implications to Structural Behavior by : Mohamed Maalej
Download or read book Fracture Resistance of Engineered Fiber Cementitious Composites and Implications to Structural Behavior written by Mohamed Maalej and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fracture Toughness of Random Glass Fiber Epoxy Composites by : LJ. Broutman
Download or read book Fracture Toughness of Random Glass Fiber Epoxy Composites written by LJ. Broutman and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation to determine the applicability of linearelastic fracture mechanics to a randomly oriented, discontinuous fiber epoxy composite is described. Two epoxy resins differing in ductility were reinforced by a glass fiber mat such that the volume fraction of glass could be varied from 20 to 45 percent. The candidate stress-intensity factor (KQ) was measured using single-edge notched (SEN), double-edge notched (DEN), and notched bend tests (NBT). The effect of specimen thickness, notch-root radius, and a/w ratio was investigated. It is suggested that a conservative value of stress-intensity factor representative of the onset of fiber-matrix debonding (KD) be utilized for design purposes. It is shown that good correlation for KQ exists between the various types of specimens and that KQ is independent of specimen thickness. KQ is also independent of the a/w ratio for DEN and NBT specimens. It is also shown by calculation that the magnitude of the fracture energy is dominated by the fiber-matrix debonding energy and the fiber pull-out energy.
