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Examining The Role Of Social Support And Neighborhood Deprivation In The Relationship Between Multiple Aces And Health Risk Behaviors
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Book Synopsis Examining the Role of Social Support and Neighborhood Deprivation in the Relationship Between Multiple ACEs and Health Risk Behaviors by :
Download or read book Examining the Role of Social Support and Neighborhood Deprivation in the Relationship Between Multiple ACEs and Health Risk Behaviors written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accumulation of multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with the disproportionate development of health risk behaviors (HRBs), such as smoking, substance use, physical inactivity, and risky HIV behaviors. The impact of neighborhood social inequities on the association between multiple ACEs and HRBs is not well known. This study aims to examine the impact of stressors associated with neighborhood deprivation on ACE-related HRBs, the potential protective factor of perceived social support (PSS), as well as better understand disproportionality experienced by racial/ethnic minorities. Through merging data from the 2010 Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (n = 5,447) with the Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI), an NDI value is assigned based on participant zip code. Using structural equation modeling, this study demonstrates neighborhood deprivation mediates the relationship between multiple ACEs and HRBs, while both low and high PSS moderate this relationship. Additionally, the impact of exposure to multiple ACEs on health risk behaviors remained steady regardless of race/ethnicity. Acknowledging the contributions of neighborhood stressors and individual protective resources furthers the ACEs knowledgebase by providing a more integrated model of ACE-related disease production, improving explanatory mechanisms and clarifying the role of socio-structural factors in health disparities. Further, contextualizing the unique variances in ACE-related pathways depending on social and neighborhood factors enables more holistic interventions and preventative action at the community level, including policies targeting poverty, education, and housing conditions and increasing community social support assets.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Health Social Work by : Sarah Gehlert
Download or read book Handbook of Health Social Work written by Sarah Gehlert and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-09 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated third edition of the definitive text on health social work Thoroughly revised and updated, the third edition of Handbook of Health Social Work is an authoritative text that offers a comprehensive review of the diverse field of health social work. With contributions from a panel of international experts in the field, the book is theory driven and solidly grounded in evidence-based practice. The contributors explore both the foundation of social work practice and offer guidance on effective strategies, policies, and program development. The text provides information that is essential to the operations of social workers in health care including the conceptual underpinnings and the development of the profession. The authors explore the practice issues such as theories of health behavior, assessment, communication and the intersections between health and mental health. The authors also examine a wide range of examples of social work practices including settings that involve older adults, nephrology, oncology, and chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, HIV/AIDS, genetics, end of life care, pain management and palliative care, as well as alternative treatments, and traditional healers. This is the only handbook of its kind to unite the body of health social work and: • Offers a wellness, rather than psychopathological perspective and contains treatment models that are evidence-based • Includes learning exercises, further resources, research suggestions, and life-course information. • Contains new chapters on topics such as international health, insurance and payment systems, and implementation of evidence-based practice • Presents information on emerging topics such as health policy in an age of reform, and genomics and the social environment • Reviews new trends in social work and health care including genetics, trans-disciplinary care, and international, national, and state changes in policy Written for social work educators, administrators, students, and practitioners, the revised third edition of Handbook of Health Social Work offers in one volume the entire body of health social work knowledge.
Book Synopsis Role Development for the Nurse Practitioner by : Susan M. DeNisco
Download or read book Role Development for the Nurse Practitioner written by Susan M. DeNisco and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2021-11 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Role Development for the Nurse Practitioner, Third Edition is an integral text that guides students in their transition from the role of registered nurse to nurse practitioner.
Author :Jennifer Hays-Grudo Publisher :American Psychological Association (APA) ISBN 13 :9781433832116 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (321 download)
Book Synopsis Adverse and Protective Childhood Experiences by : Jennifer Hays-Grudo
Download or read book Adverse and Protective Childhood Experiences written by Jennifer Hays-Grudo and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an interdisciplinary lens from which to view the multiple types of effects of enduring childhood experiences, and to recommend evidence-based approaches for protecting and buffering children and repairing the negative consequences of ACEs as adults.
Book Synopsis Neighborhood Environment, Stress, and Obesogenic Behaviors Among Adults by : Wendy E. Barrington
Download or read book Neighborhood Environment, Stress, and Obesogenic Behaviors Among Adults written by Wendy E. Barrington and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Socio-ecologic models convey a conceptualization of how levels of environment surrounding individuals impact health behaviors and subsequent health outcomes. Neighborhood context, defined as area-level social or physical systems or structures, has been recognized as an important social determinant of many health outcomes across the lifespan. The overall goal of this dissertation was to evaluate the effects of worksite and home neighborhood contexts on biobehavioral pathways associated with stress. In particular, this dissertation evaluates whether workplace neighborhood context contributed to obesity-related behaviors, as most research to date has been in relation to the home neighborhood. It also examines how neighborhood contexts of the home and workplace influence levels of stress, a hypothesized pathway for the embodiment of contextual effectson chronic disease processes. Methods: Chapters 1 and 2 used Promoting Changes in Activity and Eating (PACE) data, which included approximately 2400 individuals at follow-up within randomly selected smaller worksites in Seattle, to evaluate associations. Chapter 3 evaluated associations among 510 non-Hispanic white women in Seattle who represented a broad range of individual and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES). Chapter 4 evaluated associations among 541 older professional white men and women within the British civil service. To evaluate neighborhood and individual-level associations, all analyses used models that accounted for multiple sources of variance (i.e. random effects models, generalized estimating equations (GEE)) and included relevant covariates. Results: We found in chapter 1 that higher worksite-level SES was significantly associated with more walking for at least 10 minutes in the previous week among employees. Built environment attributes were also significantly and independently associated with obesity-related behaviors. Specifically, higher residential density around the worksite was significantly associated with walking and eating 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables, independent of worksite-level SES. More food and activity destinations as well as more intersections around the worksite were also significantly associated with more walking before accounting for worksite-level SES. We also found that higher residential density mediated the association of higher worksite-level SES with eating 5 or more servings of fruit and vegetables and with walking. Chapter 2 evaluated associations between social and built environment attributes surrounding worksites, perceived global and work-related stress, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation that is associated with stress. We concluded that worksite context was not significantly associated with perceived stress or CRP in these data. Worksite contextual variables were associated with work demands and worker social support, however, and these relationships varied by gender. Specifically, work demands varied significantly by both worksite-level SES and surrounding residential density among men. White-collar worksite class was also associated with fewer work demands and greater social support. Among women, a significant linear trend between higher residential density and greater work demands was demonstrated. Worker social support also varied significantly by residential density. Chapter 3 evaluated associations between home neighborhood SES and general perceptions of stress and found relationships which depended on individual-level SES. Specifically, measures of higher neighborhood SES were associated with lower stress among lower educated women whereas the opposite was suggested for higher educated women. Similar relationships were suggested when using family income as a measure of individual-level SES, albeit not as consistent. Strong associations between perceived neighborhood characteristics and stress were exhibited for all women. Specifically, greater neighborhood problems and dissatisfaction as well as lower perceived walkability were all highly significantly associated with greater stress. Chapter 4 evaluated associations between home neighborhood SES (i.e. income and employment deprivation), perceived neighborhood characteristics (i.e. social control, neighborhood threat, fear of crime), and stress reactivity (i.e. cortisol). Income and employment deprivation were significantly associated with lower social control, higher neighborhood threat and greater fear of crime after accounting for individual demographic characteristics. Fully adjusted models also indicated that higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation were associated with cortisol non-response, an indicator of a "blunted" cortisol profile which has been associated with chronic disease risk. Perceived neighborhood characteristics were also significantly associated with cortisol non-response independent of individual-level demographic covariates. Mediation analyses indicated that the association between neighborhood SES and cortisol non-response was partially mediated by social control and neighborhood threat. Conclusion: These studies contribute to the collective understanding of how environments may impact health behaviors and subsequent risk of disease among adults through the stress process. Importantly, findings indicate that multiple neighborhood contexts may be salient to biobehavioral processes associated with stress. Perceived measures of the neighborhood are important determinants of stress which not only work independently, but also mediate relationships between neighborhood-level SES and the stress process. These more modifiable factors may provide targets for addressing neighborhood disparities in health associated with stress.
Book Synopsis Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Association with Chronic Disease and Health Service Use in the Welsh Adult Population by : Kathryn Ashton
Download or read book Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Association with Chronic Disease and Health Service Use in the Welsh Adult Population written by Kathryn Ashton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Community Psychology by : John Moritsugu
Download or read book Community Psychology written by John Moritsugu and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-07-22 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community Psychology, 5/e focuses on the prevention of problems, the promotion of well-being, empowerment of members within a community, the appreciation of diversity, and an ecological model for the understanding of human behavior. Attention is paid to both “classic” early writings and the most recent journal articles and reviews by today’s practitioners and researchers. Historical and alternative methods of effecting social change are explored in this book, with the overall theme that the environment is as important as the individual in it. This text is available in a variety of formats – digital and print. Learning Goals Upon completing this book, readers will be able to: Understand the historical and contemporary principles of community psychology. Apply theory and research to social services, mental health, health, legal, and public health systems
Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Social Psychiatry by : Dinesh Bhugra
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Social Psychiatry written by Dinesh Bhugra and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-28 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Textbook of Social Psychiatry serves as a comprehensive reference to the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of social psychiatry, and its role in the management of psychiatric disorders. Written and edited by leading experts and rising stars in the field of social psychiatry, this textbook provides an authoritative and global look at social psychiatry, covering a wealth of topics and up-to-date research in 79 chapters. Divided into eight sections, this resource covers an overview of the history and development of social psychiatry, as well as the social world of families, culture, and identity, focusing on key issues such as globalisation, pandemics, trauma, spirituality, and gender. Clinical conditions and special vulnerable groups are also explored, with topics such as the mental health of prisoners, somatisation, and eating disorders. Case studies of specific geographical locations provide a critical overview of global mental health today and the challenges faced in different setting, such as low- and middle-income countries.
Book Synopsis Social Hierarchy and Health Among Adolescents by : Miranda Lucia Ritterman
Download or read book Social Hierarchy and Health Among Adolescents written by Miranda Lucia Ritterman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a well-established inverse graded relationship between social class and infant, child, and adult health but this gradient is inconsistent and understudied among adolescents. The empirical inquiry into health inequalities among adolescents is of particular significance because health in adulthood is strongly influenced by early life circumstances. Current research suggests that social stratification, as reflected by adolescent perceived class identity, may be an important determinant of adolescent health independent of traditional objective social class indicators. This dissertation research was conducted using data Mexican adolescents living in poverty with the following objectives: 1) to examine the associations between adolescent risk behaviors and adolescent perceived class identity, using two subjective social status (SSS) scales and introducing a new indicator: "anticipated social mobility"; 2) to examine whether or not these associations persist after controlling for traditional indicators of socioeconomic position; and 3) to investigate demographic, psychosocial and socioeconomic correlates of adolescent class identity within a new national context and among a socioeconomically homogenous cohort. Adolescents were from households that qualified for the Mexican government's poverty alleviation program, "Oportunidades". Individual, household and neighborhood data were collected on urban households in seven states in Mexico in 2004 as part of the evaluation of this welfare program. The adolescent module was completed by approximately 7900 adolescents aged twelve to twenty-two. This dissertation highlights the known and unknown dimensions of adolescent class identity and health, filling in gaps in the scientific understanding of the social gradient in health during adolescence. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the dissertation. Chapter 2 reports on the shape of social class gradients for substance use among Mexican adolescents. Multiple logistic regressions are used to estimate the associations of objective indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and SSS--at both community and societal levels-with smoking, alcohol and drug use. Chapter 3 examines multiple dimensions of social position in relation to obesity-related behaviors. Multiple objective and subjective measures of social position are used including parental education, household expenditures, community and society SSS, and school dropout status. Ordinal logistic regressions are used to estimate the associations between parental, household and adolescent indicators of social position and obesity risk. The first objective of Chapter 4 is to examine the association between adolescent risk behaviors and a new indicator of adolescent relative social position, adolescent anticipated social mobility. Anticipated social mobility was calculated for each subject by taking the difference between their rankings on two 10-rung ladder scales that measured (1) projected future social status and (2) current SSS within Mexican society. This chapter then investigates potential underlying demographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial determinants of this indicator. Multiple logistic regression analyzes are used to estimate the strength of associations in this chapter. Chapter 5 provides a summary of the findings from Chapters 2, 3 and 4. In addition, suggested future research directions and policy implications are discussed. This dissertation has contributed to the literature on health inequities by providing data on cross-sectional associations between objective and subjective indicators of social class and multiple risk behaviors in a vulnerable urban adolescent population. Findings provide evidence that there is a social gradient in health during adolescence. Adolescents who have dropped out of school and perceive themselves as having little control over their destinies are more likely to perceive themselves as having low social status and being downwardly mobile. Subjective measures of adolescent class identity, including subjective social status and anticipated social mobility, may be more effective than conventional indicators of social class in explaining the association between social position and health during this transitional period. The conclusion from this work suggests the usefulness of subjective indicators of adolescent class identity for further studies of adolescent populations, particularly those with a restricted range of socioeconomic statuses.
Book Synopsis Essentials of Health Justice: Law, Policy, and Structural Change by : Elizabeth Tobin-Tyler
Download or read book Essentials of Health Justice: Law, Policy, and Structural Change written by Elizabeth Tobin-Tyler and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2022-06-17 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building and expanding upon the prior edition of Essentials of Health Justice, the new second edition of this unparalleled text explores the historical, structural, and legal underpinnings of racial, ethnic, gender-based, and ableist inequities in health, and provides a framework for students to consider how and why health inequity is tied to the ways that laws are structured and enforced. Additionally, it offers analysis of potential solutions and posits how law may be used as a tool to remedy health injustice. Written for a wide, interdisciplinary audience of students and scholars in public health, medicine, and law, as well as other health professions, this accessible text discusses both the systems and policies that influence health and explores opportunities to advocate for legal and policy change by public health practitioners and policymakers, physicians, health care professionals, lawyers, and lay people.
Book Synopsis Neighborhoods and Problem Behaviors Among At-risk Adolescents by : Miyoung Yoon
Download or read book Neighborhoods and Problem Behaviors Among At-risk Adolescents written by Miyoung Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neighborhood environment has been considered as an important context for adolescent development. Using a high-risk sample of adolescents from low socioeconomic backgrounds with a history of prenatal substance exposure, the current study examined two potential mediators (i.e., perceived social capital, perceived neighborhood disorder) of the association between neighborhood structural characteristics (i.e., neighborhood disadvantage) and adolescent problem behaviors (i.e., externalizing behavior, substance use). This study used data derived from two sources: a prospective longitudinal study of prenatal cocaine and polydrug exposure; and the 2010 U.S. Census. The study sample included 350 (190 girls, 160 boys) 15-year-old adolescents recruited at birth. Adolescent addresses at age 15 were linked to census tract data. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted to examine the associations of neighborhood factors with problem behaviors among at-risk adolescents. Both the measurement model and the structural equation model with externalizing behavior had a good model fit. Neighborhood disadvantage was not directly associated with externalizing behavior. The association between neighborhood disadvantage and externalizing behavior was mediated by both social capital and disorder. Greater neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower levels of perceived social capital, which contributed to greater perceived neighborhood disorder, and greater externalizing behavior. Additionally, lower levels of perceived environmental support were directly associated with greater externalizing behavior. The measurement model as well as the structural equation model with substance use demonstrated a good fit. Only one pathway was found in the substance use model. Greater neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower levels of perceived social capital, leading to greater perceived neighborhood disorder, which in turn was associated with substance use. The direct path from perceived social capital to substance use was not significant. Neighborhood structural characteristics were not directly associated with adolescent problem behaviors in the presence of subjective perceptions of social capital and neighborhood disorder. Both social capital and disorder mediated the relationship between neighborhood structural characteristics and problem behaviors. The findings from this study suggest that community practice needs to focus on subjective perceptions of neighborhood social capital and neighborhood disorder when developing intervention programs on problem behaviors among at-risk adolescents.
Book Synopsis Social Networks and Health Inequalities by : Andreas Klärner
Download or read book Social Networks and Health Inequalities written by Andreas Klärner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-21 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book applies insights from the network perspective in health research to explain the reproduction of health inequalities. It discusses the extant literature in this field that strongly correlates differences in social status with health behaviours and outcomes, and add to this literature by providing a coherent theoretical explanation for the causes of these health inequalities. It also shows that much research is needed on the precise factors and the social and socio-psychological mechanisms that are at play in creating and cementing social inequalities in health behaviours. While social support and social relations have received considerable attention within social and behavioural science research on health inequalities, this book considers the whole network of interpersonal relations, structures and influence mechanisms. This is the perspective of the social network analytical approach which has recently gained much attention in health research. The chapters of this book cover state-of-the-art research, open research questions, and perspectives for future research. The book provides network analyses on health inequalities from the perspective of sociology, psychology, and public health and is of interest to a wide range of scholars, students and practitioners trying to understand how health inequalities are reproduced across generations.
Book Synopsis The WHO World Mental Health Surveys by : Ronald C. Kessler
Download or read book The WHO World Mental Health Surveys written by Ronald C. Kessler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-08-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides mental health professionals and healthcare policy planners with an unprecedented reference on the cross-national descriptive epidemiology of mental disorders.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology by : Michael Lewis
Download or read book Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology written by Michael Lewis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-09 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When developmental psychologists set forth the theory that the roots of adult psychopathology could be traced to childhood experience and behavior, the idea quickly took hold. Subsequently, as significant research in this area advanced during the past decade, more sophisticated theory, more accurate research methodologies, and improved replication of empirical findings have been the result. The Third Edition of the Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology incorporates these research advances throughout its comprehensive, up-to-date examination of this diverse and maturing field. Integrative state-of-the-art models document the complex interplay of risk and protective factors and other variables contributing to normal and pathological development. New and updated chapters describe current refinements in assessment methods and offer the latest research findings from neuroscience. In addition, the Third Edition provides readers with a detailed review across the spectrum of salient topics, from the effects of early deprivation to the impact of puberty. As the field continues to shift from traditional symptom-based concepts of pathology to a contemporary, dynamic paradigm, the Third Edition addresses such key topics as: Early Childhood disorders, including failure to thrive and attachment disorders. Aggression, ADHD, and other disruptive conditions. Developmental models of depression, anxiety, self-injury/suicide, and OCD. The autism spectrum and other chronic developmental disorders. Child maltreatment and trauma disorders. The Third Edition of the Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology is a discipline-defining, forward-looking resource for researchers, clinicians, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students in such fields as developmental psychology, psychiatry, social work, child and school psychology, educational psychology, and pediatrics.“p>
Book Synopsis Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology by : James Eric Stevenson
Download or read book Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology written by James Eric Stevenson and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1985 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a selection of papers presented at the 10th International Congress of the International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, held in Dublin in 1982. Developments currently taking place in child psychiatry and clinical child psychology are represented, and in particular, the two themes of processes within families and evaluation of intervention reflect important aspects of research activities that have emerged recently.
Book Synopsis Promoting Health by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Promoting Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-03-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the dawn of the twenty-first century, Americans enjoyed better overall health than at any other time in the nation's history. Rapid advancements in medical technologies, breakthroughs in understanding the genetic underpinnings of health and ill health, improvements in the effectiveness and variety of pharmaceuticals, and other developments in biomedical research have helped develop cures for many illnesses and improve the lives of those with chronic diseases. By itself, however, biomedical research cannot address the most significant challenges to improving public health. Approximately half of all causes of mortality in the United States are linked to social and behavioral factors such as smoking, diet, alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle, and accidents. Yet less than five percent of the money spent annually on U.S. health care is devoted to reducing the risks of these preventable conditions. Behavioral and social interventions offer great promise, but as yet their potential has been relatively poorly tapped. Promoting Health identifies those promising areas of social science and behavioral research that may address public health needs. It includes 12 papersâ€"commissioned from some of the nation's leading expertsâ€"that review these issues in detail, and serves to assess whether the knowledge base of social and behavioral interventions has been useful, or could be useful, in the development of broader public health interventions.
