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Examination Of Factors Affecting Reproductive Performance And Heat Stress In Lactating Holstein Cows Using Model Trees
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Book Synopsis Examination of Factors Affecting Reproductive Performance and Heat Stress in Lactating Holstein Cows Using Model Trees by : Jonathan Mark Schefers
Download or read book Examination of Factors Affecting Reproductive Performance and Heat Stress in Lactating Holstein Cows Using Model Trees written by Jonathan Mark Schefers and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Heat Stress on Health, Production, and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows by : Alexandre Lelandy Alves Scanavez
Download or read book Impact of Heat Stress on Health, Production, and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows written by Alexandre Lelandy Alves Scanavez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat stress poses major challenges to the dairy industry, disrupting the well-being and productivity of cows. Besides affecting lactating cows, exposure to heat stress during the dry period increases core body temperature (CBT) and alters hormonal profile and mammary gland development, ultimately affecting milk yield in the subsequent lactation. Reproductive performance is severely reduced in dairy cows exposed to heat stress. Even though it is well accepted that estrus expression is reduced during periods of heat stress, it is not clear whether herd-level indicators of estrus-detection efficiency, such as insemination risk, are impacted during periods of heat stress. This dissertation focused on exploring the use of CBT during the dry period as a predictor of postpartum health, production, and reproductive performance during the subsequent lactation. Furthermore, potential implications of heat stress and other seasonal stressors on insemination risk were evaluated. Study 1 investigated the relationships between CBT during the dry period and health, milk production, and reproduction during the subsequent lactation. Dry cows with increased CBT were more susceptible to health disorders and had reduced milk yield early in the subsequent lactation. No association was observed between CBT during the dry period and reproductive performance after parturition. Study 2 explored factors associated with CBT in dry dairy cows and focused on determining the ideal time of the day to assess CBT of heat-stressed dry cows. Core body temperature was increased in cows pregnant with twins and was associated negatively with gestation length. Furthermore, results indicated that 2215 h is the most appropriate time of the day to assess CBT of dry cows exposed to heat stress. Study 3 aimed to compare physiologic and metabolic characteristics of cooled cows classified as having high or low CBT during the dry period. In addition, this study investigated the association between CBT during the dry period and health, milk yield, and reproductive performance after parturition. Cows with high CBT during the dry period had distinct concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein and indicators of energy balance during the transition period and had reduced milk yield compared with low-CBT cows. Furthermore, CBT during the dry period was a useful predictor of postpartum health disorders. Reproductive performance, however, did not differ between cows that had high or low CBT during the dry period. Study 4 investigated temporal patterns of insemination risk in large dairy herds and explored associations between insemination risk and herd-level traits. Seasonal variation of insemination risk was minimal, with increased insemination risk observed during autumn. Greater values of insemination risk were observed in dry-lot herds, with low mortality of cows, and longer voluntary waiting period for primiparous cows. In summary, assessment of CBT in dry cows may be a useful tool to identify groups of cows more likely to present health disorders and impaired productive performance after parturition. In addition, insemination risk is not reduced during the summer, but it is severely affected by herd-level traits such as housing system, mortality of cows, and voluntary waiting period for primiparous cows.
Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of Models for Predicting Reproductive Performance in Large Commercial Dairy Herds by : Daniel Zeraib Caraviello
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Models for Predicting Reproductive Performance in Large Commercial Dairy Herds written by Daniel Zeraib Caraviello and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Supplemental GnRH on Reproductive Performance in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows During the Summer and Winter by : Anna Elizabeth Sweetman
Download or read book The Effects of Supplemental GnRH on Reproductive Performance in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows During the Summer and Winter written by Anna Elizabeth Sweetman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Progesterone, Heat stress, Pregnancy rates.
Book Synopsis Effects of Heat Stress and Body Weight on the Performance, Health, Survival, and Physiology of Holstein Dairy Cattle by : Longfei Han
Download or read book Effects of Heat Stress and Body Weight on the Performance, Health, Survival, and Physiology of Holstein Dairy Cattle written by Longfei Han and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving heat-stressed animal health and survival through management, nutrition, and genetics is critical to profitability and sustainability on a dairy farm. The objectives of this dissertation were to estimate genetic parameters of heat tolerance in dairy cattle for the health and survival traits; to investigate the long-term impact of heifer development; and to examine the potential role of ghrelin in thermoregulation during heat stress. Five experiments were conducted and summarized. The first experiment investigated the effect of heifer development (measured as body weight at first calving, BWFC) on milk production and survival. First lactation 305-d milk yield and 24-month milk yield were analyzed with a linear model. Survival analysis was performed to estimate the impact of BWFC on survival. Heifers in the top 60% of body weight at first calving had significantly higher first lactation 305-d milk yield than lighter heifers, but no relationship of BWFC and first lactation 305-d milk yield existed within the top 60%. Relationships between BWFC and 24-month milk yield were not significant. Heifers with higher BWFC lost significantly more body weight in early lactation. While BWFC was a significant predictor of first lactation 305-d milk yield, it accounted for 3% of variation, suggesting that BWFC is not a primary contributor to variation in milk yield. Compared to the lightest heifers, heaviest heifers were 49% more likely to be culled at any given time. These data indicated that, among heifers managed similarly, heavier heifers produced more milk in first lactation than lighter heifers, but lost more BW, faced a higher risk of being culled, and did not produce more milk long-term. The second experiment examined 1), the effect of climatic conditions at birth on organic calf stayability to 365 d of age (STAY) and respiratory disease (RESP) by 365 d of age, and 2), the genetic parameters of organic Holstein calf heat tolerance (HT) for STAY and RESP. HT was defined as the rate of change in STAY and RESP when a calf was born under heat stress. The final dataset included 77,090 calves from 16 USDA certified organic farms and included 35,520 Holsteins for genetic analyses. Phenotypic data were combined with climatic data obtained from local weather stations based on the zip code. Phenotypic analyses were performed with a model that included THI, breed, diurnal THI variation (daily maximum THI -- daily minimum THI; DTV), contemporary group, breed, and genetic effects. Estimated breeding values were calculated for Holstein sires with more than 10 daughters in the dataset. By 365 d of age, 80% of the calves stayed in the herd, and 7% of the calves recorded at least one RESP. Calf STAY decreased and RESP increased when calves were born in THI over 65. The additive genetic HT effect was significant for STAY but not RESP. The heritability for STAY and RESP were 0.100 and 0.025, respectively. In conclusion, calf STAY, RESP, and HT for STAY were heritable in organic herds and can be improved through genetic selection. The third experiment investigated the genetic and environmental effect of heat stress at calving on organic cow health and survival. Health trait were mastitis, reproductive disease, disease during the transition period (TRAN); and stayability to 30 DIM (1 = stayed in the herd, 0 = culled or died by 30 DIM; STAY30). The final dataset included 83,394 lactations from 40,712 cows of 6 different breeds of which Holstein (32,007 lactations, 15,938 cows) were most frequent and were used for genetic analysis. Weather condition at calving was defined as cool (average THI
Book Synopsis The Effects of Supplemental GnRH on Reproductive Performance in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows During the Summer and Winter by :
Download or read book The Effects of Supplemental GnRH on Reproductive Performance in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows During the Summer and Winter written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the summer trial lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to four treatment groups. These groups included a control group that received no hormonal supplement, and three groups that received supplemental gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on either day 5, day 11, or both days 5 and 11 post insemination. The cows during the winter trial were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, a control, and cows receiving hormonal supplements on day 5, or days 5 and 11 post insemination. Blood samples and rectal temperatures were taken 9 and 2 days prior to insemination and every other day there after beginning on day 5 post insemination and ending around day 30. Pregnancy was checked on day 30 and then again between days 45 and 60 by ultrasonography. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures and humidity values were recorded in order to calculate the temperature-humidity index and determine the level of heat stress the cows were experiencing. Serum progesterone (P4) and cortisol concentrations from all samples were analyzed using RIA. Environmental information for the summer indicated that the cows experienced an overall mild heat stress by an average THI of 76, where as the winter environmental data showed an average THI of 43, within the thermo-neutral range. However, on individual days during the summer the THI reached values between 79 and 85, indicating that cows experienced medium heat stress. Serum P4 concentrations were data was analyzed between days 11 through 17 post insemination, the expected luteal phase, during the summer. Treatment groups were compared and indicated that the serum P4 concentration was greater in GnRH-D11 treated cows than control cows (P
Book Synopsis Impacts of Summer Outdoor Access on the Heat Stress and Panting Behaviour of Lactating Holstein Cows Housed in Tie-stall by : Catherine Lussier
Download or read book Impacts of Summer Outdoor Access on the Heat Stress and Panting Behaviour of Lactating Holstein Cows Housed in Tie-stall written by Catherine Lussier and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Heat stress affects the overall profitability of dairy producers as it leads to severe detrimental impacts on milk production, reproduction, and general health and welfare of husbandry animals, with estimated losses to be between $897 to $1500 million per year for the U.S. dairy industry. Based on the information gathered in our literature review, the heat load of dairy cows can be evaluated by looking at predictors of heat stress (e.g., Temperature-Humidity Index (THI)) and at clinical signs of heat stress, such as physiological responses (e.g., respiration rate) and behavioural responses (e.g., panting). The objectives of the study were to; (1) measure the impact of duration of outdoor access (1 h vs. 2 h) on the thermal comfort of lactating cows assessed through the frequency and duration of panting behaviours, and (2) evaluate the heat load status of dairy cows assessed through the frequency and intensity of panting behaviour, as well as the measure of the duration of other heat stress-related behaviours (eating, ruminating, and others) throughout the day. For this study, 15 cows paired by parity and days in milk were enrolled into one of two treatment groups: cows provided with outdoor access (Treatment; 7 cows) and cows that remained in tie stall (Control; 8 cows). Indoor and outdoor ambient temperature and relative humidity, recorded continuously every 5 min intervals, were used to calculate the THI. To assess heat load, (1) both treatment and control cows were observed simultaneously for panting behaviour using instantaneous live scan sampling (7 scans/h) for the duration of outdoor access (1 or 2 hour/day), 3 days/week for 3 consecutive weeks, and (2) all cows were recorded for 10 min at 4 specific times of the day (before outings, 30 minutes after outings, before afternoon milking, and late evenings), one day a week for 3 consecutive weeks. All Control and Outdoor cows were observed during 3 specific bouts of 1 min per video for the description of panting behaviour. Indoor and outdoor THI values were on average (± SD) 70.8 ± 2.4 and 69.0 ± 2.9, respectively. The THI values during video observations were on average 73.6 ± 3.4. Descriptive results from live scan sampling observations showed that 50% of the observations corresponded to panting cows, while that proportion reached 64% for video recording observations. Rapid movement of flanks was the most observed panting behaviour during instantaneous live scan sampling (46% of panting cows), while the most observed panting behaviour during video observations corresponded to the simultaneous movements of the flanks, head, and body (52% of panting cows). Results from our statistical analysis showed no difference for panting frequencies between the 1-hour Outdoor cows and 1-hour Control cows and the 2-hour Outdoor cows and 2-hour Control cows (LSmean ± SE; -0.5 ± 6.38; P = 0.93 and -1.3 ± 6.73; P= 0.85, respectively. Even though a numerical difference is noticeable when comparing the first hour to the second hour of treatment application of Control and Outdoor cows for the proportion of scans in which they were observed panting, no statistically significant difference application was found for both Outdoor and Control cows after correction for multiple comparisons (-27.5 ± 7.35; P = 0.0003 (n.s), and 3.9 ± 6.35; P = 0.5395, respectively. Providing lactating cows with 1 h of outdoor access in mild THI does not seem to impact their heat load status. This research study provides new information about dairy cow's thermal comfort when provided with short duration of outdoor access during the summer. Ultimately, this study contributes to the development of a new heat load assessment tool that could be routinely used by dairy producers"--
Book Synopsis Heat Stress and Animal Productivity by : Anjali Aggarwal
Download or read book Heat Stress and Animal Productivity written by Anjali Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Anjali Aggarwal is working as a Senior Scientist at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). She holds a PhD degree in Animal Physiology and is involved in research and teaching at post-graduate level. Her area of research work is stress and environmental physiology. She has more than 50 publications, two technical bulletins, four manuals and many book chapters to her credit. She has successfully guided many post-graduate and PhD students. Her major research accomplishments are on microclimatic modification for alleviation of heat and cold stress, mist and fan cooling systems for cows and buffaloes, and use of wallowing tank in buffaloes. Her work involves the use of technology of supplementing micronutrients during dry period and early lactation to crossbred and indigenous cows for alleviating metabolic and oxidative stress and improved health and productivity. Studies are also done in her lab on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes as a result of exercise or exposure to heat stress. Dr. R.C. Upadhyay is working as Head, Dairy Cattle Physiology Division at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). He graduated in Veterinary Sciences and obtained his PhD degree in Animal Physiology. His area of recent research is climate change, stress, and environmental physiology. His major research accomplishment is on climate change impact assessment of milk production and growth in livestock. His work also involves studying methane conversion and emission factors for Indian livestock and use of IPCC methodology of methane inventory of Indian livestock. Heat shock protein-70 expression studies in cattle and buffaloes are also done in his lab. Draught animal power evaluation, fatigue assessment, work-rest cycle and work limiting factors form the highlights of his work. Studies on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes and electrocardiographic studies in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat are also undertaken in his lab. He has more than 75 research papers, four books and several book chapters to his credit. Technologies developed and research done by him include methodology of methane measurement: open and closed circuit for cattle and buffaloes; inventory of methane emission from livestock using IPCC methodology; livestock stress index: thermal stress measurement based on physiological functions; and draught power evaluation system and large animal treadmill system. He received training in Radio-nuclides in medicine at Australian School of Nuclear Technology, Lucas heights, NSW, Australia in 1985 and Use of radioisotopes in cardiovascular investigations at CSIRO, Prospect, NSW, Australia, during 1985-86. He has guided several post-graduate and PhD students. He is recipient of Hari Om Ashram Award-1990 (ICAR) for outstanding research in animal sciences.
Book Synopsis Effect of Environment on Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals by : National Research Council
Download or read book Effect of Environment on Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1981-02-01 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bioclimatology and the Adaptation of Livestock by : H. D. Johnson
Download or read book Bioclimatology and the Adaptation of Livestock written by H. D. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Livestock's Long Shadow by : Henning Steinfeld
Download or read book Livestock's Long Shadow written by Henning Steinfeld and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The assessment builds on the work of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative"--Pref.
Book Synopsis Adaptation of Domestic Animals by : Elsayed Saad Eldin Hafez
Download or read book Adaptation of Domestic Animals written by Elsayed Saad Eldin Hafez and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological and bioclimatological aspects. Basic physiological mechanisms. Adaptation to specific environments. Species-specific adaptations. Techniques of investigations.
Book Synopsis Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation by : Veerasamy Sejian
Download or read book Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation written by Veerasamy Sejian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses in detail both livestock’s role in climate change and the impacts of climate change on livestock production and reproduction. Apart from these cardinal principles of climate change and livestock production, this volume also examines the various strategies used to mitigate livestock-related GHG emissions, and those which can reduce the impacts of climate change on livestock production and reproduction. Presenting information and case studies collected and analyzed by professionals working in diversified ecological zones, the book explores the influence of climate change on livestock production across the globe. The most significant feature of this book is that it addresses in detail the different adaptation strategies and identifies targets for different stakeholders in connection with climate change and livestock production. Further, it puts forward development plans that will allow the livestock industries to cope with current climate changes and strategies that will mitigate the effects by 2025. Lastly, it provides researchers and policymakers several researchable priorities to help develop economically viable solutions for livestock production with less GHG emissions, promoting a cleaner environment in which human beings and livestock can live in harmony without adverse effects on productivity. Given that livestock production systems are sensitive to climate change and at the same are themselves a contributor to the phenomenon, climate change has the potential to pose an increasingly formidable challenge to the development of the livestock sector. However, there is a dearth of scientific information on adapting livestock production to the changing climate; as such, well-founded reference material on sustaining livestock production systems under the changing climate scenarios in different agro-ecological zones of the world is essential. By methodically and extensively addressing all aspects of climate change and livestock production, this volume offers a valuable tool for understanding the hidden intricacies of climatic stress and its influence on livestock production.
Download or read book Climate-Smart Food written by Dave Reay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book asks just how climate-smart our food really is. It follows an average day's worth of food and drink to see where it comes from, how far it travels, and the carbon price we all pay for it. From our breakfast tea and toast, through breaktime chocolate bar, to take-away supper, Dave Reay explores the weather extremes the worlds farmers are already dealing with, and what new threats climate change will bring. Readers will encounter heat waves and hurricanes, wildfires and deadly toxins, as well as some truly climate-smart solutions. In every case there are responses that could cut emissions while boosting resilience and livelihoods. Ultimately we are all in this together, our decisions on what food we buy and how we consume it send life-changing ripples right through the global web that is our food supply. As we face a future of 10 billion mouths to feed in a rapidly changing climate, its time to get to know our farmers and herders, our vintners and fisherfolk, a whole lot better. Dave Reay is Professor of Carbon Management at the University of Edinburgh, UK. He has studied climate change for over 20 years, from warming impacts in the Southern Ocean, through carbon fluxes in forests, to greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands and agriculture. In 2018 he received the Chancellors Award for Teaching for his work in climate change education. His latest project involves managing a large area of coastal land in Scotland to regrow native tree species and trap a lifetimes carbon.
Book Synopsis Precision Dairy Farming 2016 by : Claudia Kamphuis
Download or read book Precision Dairy Farming 2016 written by Claudia Kamphuis and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The supply of new innovative precision dairy farming technologies is steadily increasing. It aims to help farmers to be more labour efficient and to support them in their daily management decisions. At the same time, since many technologies are developed from an engineering perspective, adoption of these technologies is sometimes limited since knowledge on economic benefits and farmers' needs is often incomplete. This book covers the current status of precision dairy farming technologies and what farmers expect from them. It also includes insights and future perspectives on managing, analysing, and combining sensor information. Moreover, new innovative ideas that may better fit farmers' needs and expectation are introduced, ranging from technologies or innovations that aim at improved animal health and welfare, to those technologies that result in a more efficient use of feed and improved grazing management. This book is unique because science and engineering are combined to develop precision dairy farming technologies that are to be applied in practice. The book will serve as a stepping stone for new and innovative ideas within this rapidly growing area within dairy farming.
Author :American Association for the Advancement of Science. Section on Agriculture Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :416 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (1 download)
Book Synopsis Ground Level Climatology by : American Association for the Advancement of Science. Section on Agriculture
Download or read book Ground Level Climatology written by American Association for the Advancement of Science. Section on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production by : Veerasamy Sejian
Download or read book Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production written by Veerasamy Sejian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the importance of livestock to the global economy, there is a substantial need for world-class reference material on the sustainable management of livestock in diverse eco-regions. With uncertain climates involving unpredictable extreme events (e.g., heat, drought, infectious disease), environmental stresses are becoming the most crucial factors affecting livestock productivity. By systematically and comprehensively addressing all aspects of environmental stresses and livestock productivity, this volume is a useful tool for understanding the various intricacies of stress physiology. With information and case studies collected and analyzed by professionals working in diversified ecological zones, this book explores the influence of the environment on livestock production across global biomes. The challenges the livestock industry faces in maintaining the delicate balance between animal welfare and production are also highlighted.
