Evolution Of The Economics Of Science In The Twenty Century

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Economic Theory in the Twentieth Century, An Intellectual History - Volume I

Author : Roberto Marchionatti
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9783030402969
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Theory in the Twentieth Century, An Intellectual History - Volume I by : Roberto Marchionatti

Download or read book Economic Theory in the Twentieth Century, An Intellectual History - Volume I written by Roberto Marchionatti and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, set out over three volumes, provides a comprehensive history of economic thought in the 20th century with special attention to the cultural and historical background in the development of theories, to the leading or the peripheral research communities and their interactions or controversies, and finally to an assessment and critical appreciation of economic theories throughout these times. It takes as its subject matter the canon of publications by major thinkers who self-consciously conceived of themselves as 'economists' in the modern academic sense of the term. It is a history of how, when and where the discipline of Economics took root in major universities and scientific communities of economists, and evaluates the emergence of different 'schools' of thoughts. Volume I addresses economic theory in the golden age of capitalism. It considers the contributions of Marshall, Pareto, Wicksteed, Schmoller, Bohm-Bawerk, Schumpeter, Wicksell, Fisher, Veblen and other major thinkers, as well as the universities of Cambridge, Lausanne, Vienna, Berlin, and some others in US, before concluding with a look at the impact that the great war had on the discipline. This work provides a significant and original contribution to the history of economic thought and gives insight to the thinking of some of the major international figures in economics as shown in major works published across the last 130 years. It will appeal to students, scholars and the more informed reader wishing to further their understanding of the history of the discipline.

A History of Middle East Economies in the Twentieth Century

Author : Roger Owen
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674398306
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Middle East Economies in the Twentieth Century by : Roger Owen

Download or read book A History of Middle East Economies in the Twentieth Century written by Roger Owen and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text offers an examination of the economic history of the principal Arab countries, Turkey and Israel since 1918. Using the state as its major economic analysis, it charts the growth of national income and issues of welfare and distribution over two periods, 1918-1945 and 1945-1990. Important trends are explored, including the patterns of colonial economic management, import substitution, the impact of the 1970s oil boom, and the current process of liberalization and structural adjustment

How Economics Became a Mathematical Science

Author : E. Roy Weintraub
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822383802
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis How Economics Became a Mathematical Science by : E. Roy Weintraub

Download or read book How Economics Became a Mathematical Science written by E. Roy Weintraub and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2002-05-28 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In How Economics Became a Mathematical Science E. Roy Weintraub traces the history of economics through the prism of the history of mathematics in the twentieth century. As mathematics has evolved, so has the image of mathematics, explains Weintraub, such as ideas about the standards for accepting proof, the meaning of rigor, and the nature of the mathematical enterprise itself. He also shows how economics itself has been shaped by economists’ changing images of mathematics. Whereas others have viewed economics as autonomous, Weintraub presents a different picture, one in which changes in mathematics—both within the body of knowledge that constitutes mathematics and in how it is thought of as a discipline and as a type of knowledge—have been intertwined with the evolution of economic thought. Weintraub begins his account with Cambridge University, the intellectual birthplace of modern economics, and examines specifically Alfred Marshall and the Mathematical Tripos examinations—tests in mathematics that were required of all who wished to study economics at Cambridge. He proceeds to interrogate the idea of a rigorous mathematical economics through the connections between particular mathematical economists and mathematicians in each of the decades of the first half of the twentieth century, and thus describes how the mathematical issues of formalism and axiomatization have shaped economics. Finally, How Economics Became a Mathematical Science reconstructs the career of the economist Sidney Weintraub, whose relationship to mathematics is viewed through his relationships with his mathematician brother, Hal, and his mathematician-economist son, the book’s author.

Capital in the Twenty-First Century

Author : Thomas Piketty
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674979850
Total Pages : 817 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Capital in the Twenty-First Century by : Thomas Piketty

Download or read book Capital in the Twenty-First Century written by Thomas Piketty and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the grand dynamics that drive the accumulation and distribution of capital? Questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. But satisfactory answers have been hard to find for lack of adequate data and clear guiding theories. In this work the author analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries, ranging as far back as the eighteenth century, to uncover key economic and social patterns. His findings transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about wealth and inequality. He shows that modern economic growth and the diffusion of knowledge have allowed us to avoid inequalities on the apocalyptic scale predicted by Karl Marx. But we have not modified the deep structures of capital and inequality as much as we thought in the optimistic decades following World War II. The main driver of inequality--the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of economic growth--today threatens to generate extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values if political action is not taken. But economic trends are not acts of God. Political action has curbed dangerous inequalities in the past, the author says, and may do so again. This original work reorients our understanding of economic history and confronts us with sobering lessons for today.

How Economics Shapes Science

Author : Paula Stephan
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674267559
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis How Economics Shapes Science by : Paula Stephan

Download or read book How Economics Shapes Science written by Paula Stephan and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-07 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The beauty of science may be pure and eternal, but the practice of science costs money. And scientists, being human, respond to incentives and costs, in money and glory. Choosing a research topic, deciding what papers to write and where to publish them, sticking with a familiar area or going into something new—the payoff may be tenure or a job at a highly ranked university or a prestigious award or a bump in salary. The risk may be not getting any of that. At a time when science is seen as an engine of economic growth, Paula Stephan brings a keen understanding of the ongoing cost-benefit calculations made by individuals and institutions as they compete for resources and reputation. She shows how universities offload risks by increasing the percentage of non-tenure-track faculty, requiring tenured faculty to pay salaries from outside grants, and staffing labs with foreign workers on temporary visas. With funding tight, investigators pursue safe projects rather than less fundable ones with uncertain but potentially path-breaking outcomes. Career prospects in science are increasingly dismal for the young because of ever-lengthening apprenticeships, scarcity of permanent academic positions, and the difficulty of getting funded. Vivid, thorough, and bold, How Economics Shapes Science highlights the growing gap between the haves and have-nots—especially the vast imbalance between the biomedical sciences and physics/engineering—and offers a persuasive vision of a more productive, more creative research system that would lead and benefit the world.

Big Data for Twenty-First-Century Economic Statistics

Author : Katharine G. Abraham
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022680125X
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Big Data for Twenty-First-Century Economic Statistics by : Katharine G. Abraham

Download or read book Big Data for Twenty-First-Century Economic Statistics written by Katharine G. Abraham and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-03-11 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction.Big data for twenty-first-century economic statistics: the future is now /Katharine G. Abraham, Ron S. Jarmin, Brian C. Moyer, and Matthew D. Shapiro --Toward comprehensive use of big data in economic statistics.Reengineering key national economic indicators /Gabriel Ehrlich, John Haltiwanger, Ron S. Jarmin, David Johnson, and Matthew D. Shapiro ;Big data in the US consumer price index: experiences and plans /Crystal G. Konny, Brendan K. Williams, and David M. Friedman ;Improving retail trade data products using alternative data sources /Rebecca J. Hutchinson ;From transaction data to economic statistics: constructing real-time, high-frequency, geographic measures of consumer spending /Aditya Aladangady, Shifrah Aron-Dine, Wendy Dunn, Laura Feiveson, Paul Lengermann, and Claudia Sahm ;Improving the accuracy of economic measurement with multiple data sources: the case of payroll employment data /Tomaz Cajner, Leland D. Crane, Ryan A. Decker, Adrian Hamins-Puertolas, and Christopher Kurz --Uses of big data for classification.Transforming naturally occurring text data into economic statistics: the case of online job vacancy postings /Arthur Turrell, Bradley Speigner, Jyldyz Djumalieva, David Copple, and James Thurgood ;Automating response evaluation for franchising questions on the 2017 economic census /Joseph Staudt, Yifang Wei, Lisa Singh, Shawn Klimek, J. Bradford Jensen, and Andrew Baer ;Using public data to generate industrial classification codes /John Cuffe, Sudip Bhattacharjee, Ugochukwu Etudo, Justin C. Smith, Nevada Basdeo, Nathaniel Burbank, and Shawn R. Roberts --Uses of big data for sectoral measurement.Nowcasting the local economy: using Yelp data to measure economic activity /Edward L. Glaeser, Hyunjin Kim, and Michael Luca ;Unit values for import and export price indexes: a proof of concept /Don A. Fast and Susan E. Fleck ;Quantifying productivity growth in the delivery of important episodes of care within the Medicare program using insurance claims and administrative data /John A. Romley, Abe Dunn, Dana Goldman, and Neeraj Sood ;Valuing housing services in the era of big data: a user cost approach leveraging Zillow microdata /Marina Gindelsky, Jeremy G. Moulton, and Scott A. Wentland --Methodological challenges and advances.Off to the races: a comparison of machine learning and alternative data for predicting economic indicators /Jeffrey C. Chen, Abe Dunn, Kyle Hood, Alexander Driessen, and Andrea Batch ;A machine learning analysis of seasonal and cyclical sales in weekly scanner data /Rishab Guha and Serena Ng ;Estimating the benefits of new products /W. Erwin Diewert and Robert C. Feenstra.

Economics Evolving

Author : Agnar Sandmo
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691148422
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Economics Evolving by : Agnar Sandmo

Download or read book Economics Evolving written by Agnar Sandmo and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-17 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the history of economic thought, focusing on the development of economic theory from Adam Smith's 'Wealth of Nations' to the late twentieth century. The text concentrates on the most important figures in the history of the economics. The book examines how important economists have reflected on the sometimes conflicting goals of efficient resource use and socially acceptable income distribution.--[book cover].

Beyond Positivism

Author : Bruce Caldwell
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134838638
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Positivism by : Bruce Caldwell

Download or read book Beyond Positivism written by Bruce Caldwell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-20 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its publication in 1982, Beyond Positivism has become established as one of the definitive statements on economic methodology. The book‘s rejection of positivism and its advocacy of pluralism were to have a profound influence in the flowering of work methodology that has taken place in economics in the decade since its publication. This editi

History, Methodology and Identity for a 21st Century Social Economics

Author : Wilfred Dolfsma
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429577478
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis History, Methodology and Identity for a 21st Century Social Economics by : Wilfred Dolfsma

Download or read book History, Methodology and Identity for a 21st Century Social Economics written by Wilfred Dolfsma and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to advance social economic analysis, economic methodology, and the history of economic thought in the context of twenty-first-century scholarship and socio-economic concerns. Bringing together carefully selected chapters by leading scholars it examines the central contributions that John Davis has made to various areas of scholarship. In recent decades, criticisms of mainstream economics have rekindled interest in a number of areas of scholarly inquiry that were frequently ignored by mainstream economic theory and practice during the second half of the twentieth century, including social economics, economic methodology and history of economic thought. This book contributes to a growing literature on the revival of these areas of scholarship and highlights the pivotal role that John Davis’s work has played in the ongoing revival. Together, the international panel of contributors show how Davis’s insights in complexity theory, identity, and stratification are key to understanding a reconfigured economic methodology. They also reveal that Davis’s willingness to draw from multiple academic disciplines gives us a platform for interrogating mainstream economics and provides the basis for a humane yet scientific alternative. This unique volume will be essential reading for advanced students and researchers across social economics, history of economic thought, economic methodology, political economy and philosophy of social science.

Rethinking Home Economics

Author : Sarah Stage
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501729942
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking Home Economics by : Sarah Stage

Download or read book Rethinking Home Economics written by Sarah Stage and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, historians tended to dismiss home economics as little more than a conspiracy to keep women in the kitchen. This landmark volume initiates collaboration among home economists, family and consumer science professionals, and women's historians. What knits the essays together is a willingness to revisit the subject of home economics with neither indictment nor apology. The volume includes significant new work that places home economics in the twentieth century within the context of the development of women's professions. Rethinking Home Economics documents the evolution of a profession from the home economics movement launched by Ellen Richards in the early twentieth century to the modern field renamed Family and Consumer Sciences in 1994. The essays in this volume show the range of activities pursued under the rubric of home economics, from dietetics and parenting, teaching and cooperative extension work, to test kitchen and product development. Exploration of the ways in which gender, race, and class influenced women's options in colleges and universities, hospitals, business, and industry, as well as government has provided a greater understanding of the obstacles women encountered and the strategies they used to gain legitimacy as the field developed.

Karl Polanyi

Author : Gareth Dale
Publisher : Polity
ISBN 13 : 0745640710
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Karl Polanyi by : Gareth Dale

Download or read book Karl Polanyi written by Gareth Dale and published by Polity. This book was released on 2010-06-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation is generally acclaimed as being among the most influential works of economic history in the twentieth century, and remains as vital in the current historical conjuncture as it was in his own. In its critique of nineteenth-century ‘market fundamentalism’ it reads as a warning to our own neoliberal age, and is widely touted as a prophetic guidebook for those who aspire to understand the causes and dynamics of global economic turbulence at the end of the 2000s. Karl Polanyi: The Limits of the Market is the first comprehensive introduction to Polanyi’s ideas and legacy. It assesses not only the texts for which he is famous – prepared during his spells in American academia – but also his journalistic articles written in his first exile in Vienna, and lectures and pamphlets from his second exile, in Britain. It provides a detailed critical analysis of The Great Transformation, but also surveys Polanyi’s seminal writings in economic anthropology, the economic history of ancient and archaic societies, and political and economic theory. Its primary source base includes interviews with Polanyi’s daughter, Kari Polanyi-Levitt, as well as the entire compass of his own published and unpublished writings in English and German. This engaging and accessible introduction to Polanyi’s thinking will appeal to students and scholars across the social sciences, providing a refreshing perspective on the roots of our current economic crisis.

Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction

Author : Robert C. Allen
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 019162053X
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction by : Robert C. Allen

Download or read book Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction written by Robert C. Allen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are some countries rich and others poor? In 1500, the income differences were small, but they have grown dramatically since Columbus reached America. Since then, the interplay between geography, globalization, technological change, and economic policy has determined the wealth and poverty of nations. The industrial revolution was Britain's path breaking response to the challenge of globalization. Western Europe and North America joined Britain to form a club of rich nations by pursuing four polices-creating a national market by abolishing internal tariffs and investing in transportation, erecting an external tariff to protect their fledgling industries from British competition, banks to stabilize the currency and mobilize domestic savings for investment, and mass education to prepare people for industrial work. Together these countries pioneered new technologies that have made them ever richer. Before the Industrial Revolution, most of the world's manufacturing was done in Asia, but industries from Casablanca to Canton were destroyed by western competition in the nineteenth century, and Asia was transformed into 'underdeveloped countries' specializing in agriculture. The spread of economic development has been slow since modern technology was invented to fit the needs of rich countries and is ill adapted to the economic and geographical conditions of poor countries. A few countries - Japan, Soviet Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, and perhaps China - have, nonetheless, caught up with the West through creative responses to the technological challenge and with Big Push industrialization that has achieved rapid growth through investment coordination. Whether other countries can emulate the success of East Asia is a challenge for the future. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Agreement on Demand

Author : Philip Mirowski
Publisher : Annual Supplement to History o
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Agreement on Demand by : Philip Mirowski

Download or read book Agreement on Demand written by Philip Mirowski and published by Annual Supplement to History o. This book was released on 2006 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the theory of demand—that consumers buy more as prices fall and buy less as they rise—is decidedly uncontroversial in mainstream economics, the absence of controversy belies the theory’s contentious and complicated history. This volume provides a better understanding of the history of demand theory and its relationship to major theoretical developments in twentieth-century microeconomics. Contributors investigate demand theory as it stabilized in the first half of the twentieth century by examining the Hicks-Allen composite commodity, French mathematician Jean Ville’s contribution to consumption theory, Walrasian theories of markets with adverse selection, and the Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu theorem. They analyze the relationship between demand theory and both the broader program of neoclassical economics and developments within contemporary economic theory. This volume demonstrates that demand theory is more complicated than it is generally imagined to be. Contributors. H. Spencer Banzhaf, John S. Chipman, Manuel Fernandez-Grela, François Gardes, Pierre Garrouste, J. Daniel Hammond, D. Wade Hands, Alan Kirman, Kyu Sang Lee, Jean-Sébastien Lenfant, Philip Mirowski, S. Abu Turab Rizvi, Maarten Pieter Schinkel, Esther-Mirjam Sent, Shyam Sunder, Fernando Tohmé

The Rise of the Public Authority

Author : Gail Radford
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022603786X
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise of the Public Authority by : Gail Radford

Download or read book The Rise of the Public Authority written by Gail Radford and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-07-19 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late nineteenth century, public officials throughout the United States began to experiment with new methods of managing their local economies and meeting the infrastructure needs of a newly urban, industrial nation. Stymied by legal and financial barriers, they created a new class of quasi-public agencies called public authorities. Today these entities operate at all levels of government, and range from tiny operations like the Springfield Parking Authority in Massachusetts, which runs thirteen parking lots and garages, to mammoth enterprises like the Tennessee Valley Authority, with nearly twelve billion dollars in revenues each year. In The Rise of the Public Authority, Gail Radford recounts the history of these inscrutable agencies, examining how and why they were established, the varied forms they have taken, and how these pervasive but elusive mechanisms have molded our economy and politics over the past hundred years.

Economics and the Philosophy of Science

Author : Deborah A. Redman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195082745
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Economics and the Philosophy of Science by : Deborah A. Redman

Download or read book Economics and the Philosophy of Science written by Deborah A. Redman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists and other social scientists in this century have often supported economic arguments by referring to positions taken by philosophers of science. This important new book looks at the reliability of this practice and--in the process--provides economists, social scientists, and historians with the necessary background to discuss methodological matters with authority. Redman presents an accurate, critical, yet neutral survey of the modern philosophy of science from the Vienna Circle to the present, focusing particularly on logical positivism, sociological explanations of science (Polanyi, Fleck, Kuhn), the Popper family, and the history of science. She then deals with economic methodology in the twentieth century, looking at a wide range of methodological positions, especially those supported by positions from the philosophy of science.

Slouching Towards Utopia

Author : J. Bradford DeLong
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0465023363
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Slouching Towards Utopia by : J. Bradford DeLong

Download or read book Slouching Towards Utopia written by J. Bradford DeLong and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2022-09-06 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An instant New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller from one of the world’s leading economists, offering a grand narrative of the century that made us richer than ever, but left us unsatisfied “A magisterial history.”—Paul Krugman Named a Best Book of 2022 by Financial Times * Economist * Fast Company Before 1870, humanity lived in dire poverty, with a slow crawl of invention offset by a growing population. Then came a great shift: invention sprinted forward, doubling our technological capabilities each generation and utterly transforming the economy again and again. Our ancestors would have presumed we would have used such powers to build utopia. But it was not so. When 1870–2010 ended, the world instead saw global warming; economic depression, uncertainty, and inequality; and broad rejection of the status quo. Economist Brad DeLong’s Slouching Towards Utopia tells the story of how this unprecedented explosion of material wealth occurred, how it transformed the globe, and why it failed to deliver us to utopia. Of remarkable breadth and ambition, it reveals the last century to have been less a march of progress than a slouch in the right direction.

The Ordinary Business of Life

Author : Roger E. Backhouse
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691252017
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ordinary Business of Life by : Roger E. Backhouse

Download or read book The Ordinary Business of Life written by Roger E. Backhouse and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-23 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic history of economic thought through the ages—now fully updated and expanded Hesiod defined the basic economic problem as one of scarce resources, a view still held by economists today. Diocletian tried to save the Roman Empire with wage and price fixes—a strategy that has not gone entirely out of style. Roger Backhouse takes readers from the ancient world to the frontiers of game theory, mechanism design, and engagements with climate science, presenting an essential history of a discipline that economist Alfred Marshall called “the study of mankind in the ordinary business of life.” Backhouse introduces the many fascinating figures who have thought about money and markets down through the centuries—from philosophers and theologians to politicians and poets—and shows how today’s economic ideas have their origins in antiquity. This updated edition of The Ordinary Business of Life includes a new chapter on contemporary economics and the rest of the book has been thoroughly revised.