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Evidence Theory And Its Applications
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Book Synopsis Evidence Theory and Its Applications by : Jiwen W. Guan
Download or read book Evidence Theory and Its Applications written by Jiwen W. Guan and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an easy-to-read, updated evidence theory and its applications, built on the Dempster-Shafer theory. The Dempster-Shafer theory significantly generalizes classic Bayesian statistics, and has been rapidly developed recently because of its many found applications in a variety of areas such as artificial intelligence, expert systems, information systems, decision making, statistics and mathematics. The volume gives an introduction to the Dempster-Shafer theory, introduces Barnett's methodology to linearize the time complexity of computation of evidential functions, discusses separable mass functions, and deals with rule strengths in expert systems. engineers, system developers and managers in information systems, computer science, and business management. The guide is adaptable for both lectures and self-study and is intended to strengthen the reader's background and problem solving abilities.
Book Synopsis Probability and Forensic Evidence by : Ronald Meester
Download or read book Probability and Forensic Evidence written by Ronald Meester and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-08 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the role of statistics and probability in the evaluation of forensic evidence, including both theoretical issues and applications in legal contexts. It discusses what evidence is and how it can be quantified, how it should be understood, and how it is applied (and, sometimes, misapplied). After laying out their philosophical position, the authors begin with a detailed study of the likelihood ratio. Following this grounding, they discuss applications of the likelihood ratio to forensic questions, in the abstract and in concrete cases. The analysis of DNA evidence in particular is treated in great detail. Later chapters concern Bayesian networks, frequentist approaches to evidence, the use of belief functions, and the thorny subject of database searches and familial searching. Finally, the authors provide commentary on various recommendation reports for forensic science. Written to be accessible to a wide audience of applied mathematicians, forensic scientists, and scientifically-oriented legal scholars, this book is a must-read for all those interested in the mathematical and philosophical foundations of evidence and belief.
Book Synopsis Application of Evidence Theory to Construction Projects by : Desmond Adair
Download or read book Application of Evidence Theory to Construction Projects written by Desmond Adair and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crucial decisions are necessary throughout the life-cycle of large-scale construction projects. Such decisions are critical in that they have a direct impact upon the outcomes and success of a given project. To improve the decision process, an evidential reasoning framework based on the Dezert-Smarandache theory of plausible and paradoxical reasoning, where heterogeneous evidence sources are fused together, is described and used here.
Book Synopsis The Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence in Reasoning by : Enrique Cortés-Rello
Download or read book The Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence in Reasoning written by Enrique Cortés-Rello and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Belief Functions: Theory and Applications by : Thierry Denoeux
Download or read book Belief Functions: Theory and Applications written by Thierry Denoeux and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of belief functions, also known as evidence theory or Dempster-Shafer theory, was first introduced by Arthur P. Dempster in the context of statistical inference, and was later developed by Glenn Shafer as a general framework for modeling epistemic uncertainty. These early contributions have been the starting points of many important developments, including the Transferable Belief Model and the Theory of Hints. The theory of belief functions is now well established as a general framework for reasoning with uncertainty, and has well understood connections to other frameworks such as probability, possibility and imprecise probability theories. This volume contains the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Belief Functions that was held in Compiègne, France on 9-11 May 2012. It gathers 51 contributions describing recent developments both on theoretical issues (including approximation methods, combination rules, continuous belief functions, graphical models and independence concepts) and applications in various areas including classification, image processing, statistics and intelligent vehicles.
Book Synopsis Combination of Evidence in Dempster-Shafer Theory by : Kari Sentz
Download or read book Combination of Evidence in Dempster-Shafer Theory written by Kari Sentz and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dempster-Shafer theory offers an alternative to traditional probabilistic theory for the mathematical representation of uncertainty. The significant innovation of this framework is that it allows for the allocation of a probability mass to sets or intervals. Dempster-Shafer theory does not require an assumption regarding the probability of the individual constituents of the set or interval. This is a potentially valuable tool for the evaluation of risk and reliability in engineering applications when it is not possible to obtain a precise measurement from experiments, or when knowledge is obtained from expert elicitation. An important aspect of this theory is the combination of evidence obtained from multiple sources and the modeling of conflict between them. This report surveys a number of possible combination rules for Dempster-Shafer structures and provides examples of the implementation of these rules for discrete and interval-valued data.
Book Synopsis Scientific Evidence by : Peter Achinstein
Download or read book Scientific Evidence written by Peter Achinstein and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2005-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physicists think they have discovered the top quark. Biologists believe in evolution. But what precisely constitutes evidence for such claims, and why? Scientists often disagree with one another over whether or to what extent some evidence counts in favor of a theory because they are operating with different concepts of scientific evidence. These concepts need to be critically explored. Peter Achinstein has gathered some prominent philosophers and historians of science for critical and lively discussions of both general questions about the meaning of evidence and specific ones about evidence for particular scientific theories. Contributors: Peter Achinstein, The Johns Hopkins University; Steven Gimbel, Gettysburg College; Gary Hatfield, University of Pennsylvania; Frederick M. Kronz, University of Texas–Austin; Helen Longino, University of Minnesota; Deborah G. Mayo, Virginia Tech; Amy L. McLaughlin, Florida Atlantic University; John Norton, University of Pittsburgh; Lawrence M. Principe, The Johns Hopkins University; Richard Richards, University of Alabama; Alex Rosenberg, Duke University; Sherrilyn Roush, Rice University; Laura J. Snyder, St. Johns University; Kent Staley, St. Louis University.
Book Synopsis On The Validity of Dempster's Rule of Combination of Evidence by : Lotfi A. Zadeh
Download or read book On The Validity of Dempster's Rule of Combination of Evidence written by Lotfi A. Zadeh and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 1979-10-01 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a seminal paper published in 1967, Dempster has described a rule for combining independent sources of information. More recently, Dempster's rule has been employed as a basis for a mathematical theory of evidence. It is suggested in this note that there is a serious flaw in Dempster's rule which restricts its use in many applications.
Book Synopsis An Application of Evidence Theory in Knowledge Based Systems by : Hans U. Buhl
Download or read book An Application of Evidence Theory in Knowledge Based Systems written by Hans U. Buhl and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring Uncertainty within the Theory of Evidence by : Simona Salicone
Download or read book Measuring Uncertainty within the Theory of Evidence written by Simona Salicone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph considers the evaluation and expression of measurement uncertainty within the mathematical framework of the Theory of Evidence. With a new perspective on the metrology science, the text paves the way for innovative applications in a wide range of areas. Building on Simona Salicone’s Measurement Uncertainty: An Approach via the Mathematical Theory of Evidence, the material covers further developments of the Random Fuzzy Variable (RFV) approach to uncertainty and provides a more robust mathematical and metrological background to the combination of measurement results that leads to a more effective RFV combination method. While the first part of the book introduces measurement uncertainty, the Theory of Evidence, and fuzzy sets, the following parts bring together these concepts and derive an effective methodology for the evaluation and expression of measurement uncertainty. A supplementary downloadable program allows the readers to interact with the proposed approach by generating and combining RFVs through custom measurement functions. With numerous examples of applications, this book provides a comprehensive treatment of the RFV approach to uncertainty that is suitable for any graduate student or researcher with interests in the measurement field.
Book Synopsis A Mathematical Theory of Evidence by : Glenn Shafer
Download or read book A Mathematical Theory of Evidence written by Glenn Shafer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both in science and in practical affairs we reason by combining facts only inconclusively supported by evidence. Building on an abstract understanding of this process of combination, this book constructs a new theory of epistemic probability. The theory draws on the work of A. P. Dempster but diverges from Depster's viewpoint by identifying his "lower probabilities" as epistemic probabilities and taking his rule for combining "upper and lower probabilities" as fundamental. The book opens with a critique of the well-known Bayesian theory of epistemic probability. It then proceeds to develop an alternative to the additive set functions and the rule of conditioning of the Bayesian theory: set functions that need only be what Choquet called "monotone of order of infinity." and Dempster's rule for combining such set functions. This rule, together with the idea of "weights of evidence," leads to both an extensive new theory and a better understanding of the Bayesian theory. The book concludes with a brief treatment of statistical inference and a discussion of the limitations of epistemic probability. Appendices contain mathematical proofs, which are relatively elementary and seldom depend on mathematics more advanced that the binomial theorem.
Book Synopsis Classic Works of the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Belief Functions by : Ronald R. Yager
Download or read book Classic Works of the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Belief Functions written by Ronald R. Yager and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-01-22 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of classic research papers on the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. The book is the authoritative reference in the field of evidential reasoning and an important archival reference in a wide range of areas including uncertainty reasoning in artificial intelligence and decision making in economics, engineering, and management. The book includes a foreword reflecting the development of the theory in the last forty years.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722253202 Total Pages :34 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (532 download)
Book Synopsis Fuzzy Sets, Rough Sets, and Modeling Evidence by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Fuzzy Sets, Rough Sets, and Modeling Evidence written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence is applied to a multiattribute decision making problem whereby the decision maker (DM) must compromise with available alternatives, none of which exactly satisfies his ideal. The decision mechanism is constrained by the uncertainty inherent in the determination of the relative importance of each attribute element and the classification of existing alternatives. The classification of alternatives is addressed through expert evaluation of the degree to which each element is contained in each available alternative. The relative importance of each attribute element is determined through pairwise comparisons of the elements by the decision maker and implementation of a ratio scale quantification method. Then the 'belief' and 'plausibility' that an alternative will satisfy the decision maker's ideal are calculated and combined to rank order the available alternatives. Application to the problem of selecting computer software is given. Dekorvin, Andre Unspecified Center NCC9-16; RICIS PROJ. SR-01...
Book Synopsis Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice by : Jo Rycroft-Malone
Download or read book Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice written by Jo Rycroft-Malone and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-07 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Evidence-Based Nursing Series is co-published with Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI). The series focuses on implementing evidence-based practice in nursing and mirrors the remit of Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, encompassing clinical practice, administration, research and public policy. Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence- Based Practice: Linking Evidence to Action looks at ways of implementing evidence gained through research and factors that influence successful implementation. It acknowledges the gap that exists between obtaining evidence and the practicalities of putting it into practice and provides direction to help to close this gap. This, the first book in the series, helps the reader to make decisions about the appropriateness of using various models and frameworks. A selection of models and frameworks are examined in detail including examples of their use in practice. The book concludes with an analysis and synthesis of the included models and frameworks. The models and frameworks that have been included are based on a number of criteria: that they are internationally recognised, have undergone widespread evaluation and testing, are transferable across different settings, and can be used by different disciplines. Models and frameworks include: Stetler Model Ottowa Model of Research Use IOWA model of evidence-based practice Advancing Research and Clinical Practice through Close Collaboration (ARCC) model Dobbins’ dissemination and use of research evidence for policy and practice framework Joanna Briggs Institute model Knowledge to Action framework Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) Key Points: Includes an overview of implementation issues and the use of theory and frameworks in implementing evidence into practice Chapters are written by the developers of the model or framework Each chapter provides background on an implementation model or framework, suitable applications, underlying theory and examples of use Each chapter examines strengths and weaknesses of each model alongside barriers and facilitators for its implementation
Book Synopsis Trial Technique and Evidence by : Michael R. Fontham
Download or read book Trial Technique and Evidence written by Michael R. Fontham and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2013-06-28 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence and Trial Advocacy are often taught as if in practice; the topics are not related. The original edition of this title pioneered the concept that instruction on trial technique and evidence rules in the same volume is an effective way to teach either an evidence or trial advocacy course. This combination provides students with the foundation for becoming skilled trial advocates within the boundaries of the rules of evidence. Trial Technique and Evidence explains the purpose and application of each evidence rule. The practical methods of presenting evidence are balanced against the requirements of the rules. Indeed, many evidence rules are "practice" rules, either not covered in the formal rules of evidence or not addressed in detail. The basis for introducing demonstrative exhibits, for example, is not included in the federal rules, and impeaching witnesses in trial requires knowledge of practical technique. Trial Technique and Evidence allows a professor to incorporate practical requirements with evidence theory. The text also includes practical steps for compliance with the rules, with examples to facilitate the student's understanding, and addresses recent developments such as: • Jury persuasion • Application of rules to electronic evidence • Trends in applying the Daubert factors for assessing expert testimony • Amendments to the Federal Rules of Evidence
Book Synopsis X-Efficiency: Theory, Evidence and Applications by : Roger S. Frantz
Download or read book X-Efficiency: Theory, Evidence and Applications written by Roger S. Frantz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My interest in X-Efficiency (XE) dates back to 1978. At the time, I was writing the dissertation for my Ph. D. at Washington State University. My dissertation was concerned with the role of attitudes in the school-to-work transition among young men. I was advised by Professor Millard Hastay (a member of my committee) to look at Leibenstein's "new" book, Beyond Economic Man. One of the things that caught my attention was his be havioral description of (selective) rationality. It seemed that Leibenstein's behavioral description of a (selectively) rational individual was very similar to what psychologists such as Abraham Maslow were reporting as being the product of a particular motivational system. In other words, I was im pressed with the idea that what Leibenstein was referring to as X-ineffi ciency was being discussed by psychologists as "the way it (often) is. " So from the beginning I always considered the concept of X-(in)efficiency to be a valuable one for understanding human behavior. I have since come to believe that this is particularly true when considering behavior in non market environments, i. e. , within the firm. Work on this book, however, can most realistically said to have started with work which I began in 1982 while I was a Visiting Scholar at Harvard University. Professor Leibenstein suggested that I consider how some em pirical evidence which was being cited as evidence for the role of property rights might also be consistent with XE theory.
Book Synopsis Advances and Applications of DSmT for Information Fusion (Collected works) by : Florentin Smarandache
Download or read book Advances and Applications of DSmT for Information Fusion (Collected works) written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2004 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers collected from researchers in fusion information, such as: Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert, Hongshe Dang, Chongzhao Han, Frederic Dambreville, Milan Daniel, Mohammad Khoshnevisan, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Albena Tchamova, Tzvetan Semerdjiev, Pavlina Konstantinova, Hongyan Sun, Mohammad Farooq, John J. Sudano, Samuel Corgne, Gregoire Mercier, Laurence Hubert-Moy, Anne-Laure Jousselme, Patrick Maupin and others on Dezert-Smarandache Theory of Plausible and Paradoxical Reasoning (DSmT).. The principal theories available until now for data fusion are the probability theory, the fuzzy set theory, the possibility theory, the hint theory and the theory of evidence. Since last two years J. Dezert and F. Smarandache are actively developing a new theory of plausible and paradoxical reasoning, called DSmT (acronym for Dezert-Smarandache Theory), for information fusion of uncertain and highly conflicting sources of information. The DSmT can be interpreted as a generalization of the Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) but goes far beyond the DST. The free-DSmT model, which assumes that the ultimate refinement of the frame of discernment of the fusion problem is not accessible due to the intrinsic nature of its elements, is opposite to the Shafer's model (on which is based the DST) assuming the exhaustivity and exclusivity of all elements of the frame of discernment. The DSmT proposes a new theoretical framework for data fusion based on definition of hyper-power sets and a new simple commutative and associative rule of combination. Recently, it has been discovered, through a new DSm hybrid rule of combination, that DSmT can be also extended to problems involving hybrid-models (models including some exclusivity and/or non-existentially constraints). This new important theoretical result offers now to the DSmT a wider class of fusion applications and allows potentially to attack the next generation of complex dynamical/temporal fusion problems. DSmT can also provide a theoretical issue for the fusion of neutrosophic information (extension of fuzzy information proposed by F. Smarandache in nineties - see http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/FirstNeutConf.htm for details about the neutrosophy logic and neutrosophy set theory).
