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Evaluative Research In Transport Safety The Bayesian Alternative
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Author :Ezra Hauer Publisher :University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering ISBN 13 :9780772770226 Total Pages :24 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (72 download)
Book Synopsis Evaluative Research in Transport Safety - the Bayesian Alternative by : Ezra Hauer
Download or read book Evaluative Research in Transport Safety - the Bayesian Alternative written by Ezra Hauer and published by University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering. This book was released on 1981 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transportation Safety Data and Analysis by : Grant G. Schultz
Download or read book Transportation Safety Data and Analysis written by Grant G. Schultz and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research suggests that traditional safety evaluation methods may be inadequate in accurately determining the effectiveness of roadway safety measures. In recent years, advanced statistical methods are being utilized in traffic safety studies to more accurately determine the effectiveness of roadway safety measures. These methods, particularly Bayesian statistical techniques, have the capabilities to account for the shortcomings of traditional methods. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling is a powerful tool that more fully identifies a given problem than a simpler model could. This report explains the process wherein a hierarchical Bayesian model is developed as a tool to analyze the effectiveness of two types of road safety measures: raised medians and cable barrier. Several sites where these safety measures have been implemented in the last 10 years were evaluated using available crash data. The results of this study show that the installation of a raised median is an effective technique to reduce the overall crash frequency and crash severity on Utah roadways. The analysis of cable barrier systems shows that they are effective in decreasing cross-median crashes and crash severity. The tool developed through the research can now be utilized for additional analyses, including hot-spot analysis, before-after change, and general safety modeling. This tool will be an asset to the Utah Department of Transportation Traffic and Safety Division for data analysis in the years to come.
Book Synopsis TIMS/ORSA Bulletin by : Institute of Management Sciences
Download or read book TIMS/ORSA Bulletin written by Institute of Management Sciences and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transportation Statistics by : Brian W. Sloboda
Download or read book Transportation Statistics written by Brian W. Sloboda and published by J. Ross Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, transportation systems have been judged on performance-based outcomes, thus, quantitative methods have become increasingly important to such assessments. This definitive reference will equip you with state-of-the-art statistical tools used in transportation modeling, how to interpret results and analyze the implications of those results.
Download or read book Canadiana written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Causal Inference in Traffic Safety Research by : Jonathan Wood
Download or read book Causal Inference in Traffic Safety Research written by Jonathan Wood and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate estimation of safety treatment effectiveness is an important part of the transportation engineering and research profession. Transportation engineering practitioners use safety treatment effect estimates to identify countermeasures that will mitigate crashes on the highway and street network. Traffic safety researchers develop countermeasure safety effect estimates, so precision and accuracy are both paramount when evaluating treatments. Due to ethical and cost constraints, traffic safety research is limited to observational studies. The current state-of-the-practice to estimate countermeasure safety effectiveness is the empirical Bayes before-after method. This method has been used in a significant number of research evaluations. An alternative method that has been suggested in recent years is the propensity scores-potential outcomes framework. Both the empirical Bayes before-after and propensity scores-potential outcomes methods can be conceptualized using the counterfactual framework. In this thesis, the counterfactuals framework is applied to the empirical Bayes before-after and propensity scores-potential outcomes methods to describe how to generalize the results of both methods to the population of potential entities that could receive the treatment. The findings indicated that: 1. When the empirical Bayes method is used, the reference group should be selected using genetic matching; 2. The empirical Bayes before-after method is accurate for estimating treatment effects when estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) for treatments when the treatment group is selected based on the number of crashes in the before period; and 3. The genetic matching method can be used to accurately estimate treatment effects (ATE) using cross-sectional data when the treatment group is not based on the crash counts in the before period. Finally, based on these findings, guidelines for developing crash modification factors are provided. Based on these guidelines, a flowchart for determining which analysis method to use is developed.
Book Synopsis Highway Safety Analytics and Modeling by : Dominique Lord
Download or read book Highway Safety Analytics and Modeling written by Dominique Lord and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-27 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highway Safety Analytics and Modeling comprehensively covers the key elements needed to make effective transportation engineering and policy decisions based on highway safety data analysis in a single. reference. The book includes all aspects of the decision-making process, from collecting and assembling data to developing models and evaluating analysis results. It discusses the challenges of working with crash and naturalistic data, identifies problems and proposes well-researched methods to solve them. Finally, the book examines the nuances associated with safety data analysis and shows how to best use the information to develop countermeasures, policies, and programs to reduce the frequency and severity of traffic crashes. Complements the Highway Safety Manual by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Provides examples and case studies for most models and methods Includes learning aids such as online data, examples and solutions to problems
Download or read book Safe Mobility written by Dominique Lord and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book increases the level of knowledge on road safety contexts, issues and challenges; shares what can currently be done to address the variety of issues; and points to what needs to be done to make further gains in road safety.
Book Synopsis 2021 6th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Engineering (ICITE 2021) by : Zhenyuan Zhang
Download or read book 2021 6th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Engineering (ICITE 2021) written by Zhenyuan Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 1238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features high-quality, peer-reviewed papers from the 2021 6th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Engineering (ICITE 2021), held in Beijing, China, on October 29–31, 2021. Presenting the latest developments and technical solutions in Intelligent Transportation engineering, it covers a variety of topics, such as intelligent transportation, traffic control, road networking, intelligent automobile and vehicle operation & management. The book will be a valuable reference for graduate and postgraduate audiences, researchers and engineers, working in Intelligent Transportation Engineering.
Book Synopsis Integrated Safety Management Process by : Geni Bahar
Download or read book Integrated Safety Management Process written by Geni Bahar and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2003 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising awareness of and increased attention to sexual harassment has resulted in momentum to implement sexual harassment prevention efforts in higher education institutions. Work on preventing sexual harassment is an area that has recently garnered a lot of attention, especially around education and programs that go beyond the standard anti-sexual harassment trainings often used to comply with legal requirements. On April 20-21, 2021, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the workshop Developing Evaluation Metrics for Sexual Harassment Prevention Efforts. The workshop explored approaches and strategies for evaluating and measuring the effectiveness of sexual harassment interventions being implemented at higher education institutions and research and training sites, in order to assist institutions in transforming promising ideas into evidence-based best practices. Workshop participants also addressed methods, metrics, and measures that could be used to evaluate sexual harassment prevention efforts that lead to change in the organizational climate and culture and/or a change in behavior among community members. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
Book Synopsis Transportation Research Trends by : Peter O. Inweldi
Download or read book Transportation Research Trends written by Peter O. Inweldi and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book focuses on passenger and freight transportation modes: policy analysis, formulation and evaluation; planning; interaction with the political, socioeconomic and physical environment; design, management and evaluation of transportation systems.
Book Synopsis Bayesian Approaches on Observational Before-after Highway Safety Analysis by : Daxiao Liu
Download or read book Bayesian Approaches on Observational Before-after Highway Safety Analysis written by Daxiao Liu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Observational before-after evaluation of roadway safety treatments effect is a necessary and challenging study area for traffic safety engineers. In decades, empirical Bayesian approach has been widely adopted among researchers in this area. In this approach, the researcher combined before period observation data with a safety performance function estimated from similar groups to estimate the expected number of crashes that would have occurred in the after period without the treatment. Comparing this estimate with the number of crashes observed in the after period, the researcher evaluated the effectiveness of the treatment. This approach accounts for well-known regression-to-the-mean effects. However, as a result of the recent progress in numerical methods made in recent years, more attention has been given on the fully Bayesian approach. The fully Bayesian approach implemented via hierarchical models is believed to have more advantages over the empirical Bayesian approach. The fully Bayesian approach required less data for untreated reference sites, it better accounts for uncertainty in data used, and it provides more detailed causal inferences and more flexibility in selecting crash count distributions. The objective of this study is to compare the differences of the empirical Bayesian procedure and the fully Bayesian procedure for before-after road safety evaluation studies. An illustrative example is included with a step-by-step procedure for both approaches. Throughout three approaches in the example, the estimated safety effects are calculated for MODOT's reference"--Abstract, leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Transportation and Traffic Theory 2009: Golden Jubilee by : William H. K. Lam
Download or read book Transportation and Traffic Theory 2009: Golden Jubilee written by William H. K. Lam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: th It is our great privilege and honor to present the proceedings of the 18 International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory (ISTTT), held at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Hong Kong, China on 16-18 July 2009. th The 18 ISTTT is jointly organized by the Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies and Department of Civil and Structural Engineering of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The ISTTT series is the main gathering for the world’s transportation and traffic theorists, and those who are interested in contributing to or gaining a deep understanding of traffic and transportation phenomena in order to better plan, design and manage the transportation system. Although it embraces a wide range of topics, from traffic flow theories and demand modeling to road safety and logistics and supply chain modeling, the ISTTT is hallmarked by its intellectual innovation, research and development excellence in the treatment of real-world transportation and traffic problems. The ISTTT prides itself in the extremely high quality of its proceedings. Previous ISTTT conferences were held in Warren, Michigan (1959), London (1963), New York (1965), Karlsruhe (1968), Berkeley, California (1971), Sydney (1974), Kyoto (1977), Toronto (1981), Delft (1984), Cambridge, Massachusetts (1987), Yokohama (1990), Berkeley, California (1993), Lyon (1996), Jerusalem (1999), Adelaide (2002), College Park, Maryland (2005), and London (2007). th th This 18 ISTTT celebrates the 50 Anniversary of this premier conference series.
Book Synopsis Statistical Methods and Highway Safety Performance by :
Download or read book Statistical Methods and Highway Safety Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2515, explores 15 papers related to statistical methods and highway safety performance, including: Multivariate Full Bayesian Hot Spot Identification and Ranking: New Technique; Modeling Crash Rates for a Mountainous Highway by Using Refined-Scale Panel Data; Exploring Piecewise Linear Effects of Crash Contributing Factors with a Novel Poisson-Mixed Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines Model; Classification of Gaps at Uncontrolled Intersections and Midblock Crossings Using Support Vector Machines; Safety Impacts of a Statewide Centerline Rumble Strip Installation Program; Evaluation of the Safety Effectiveness of the Conversion of Two-Lane Roadways to Four-Lane Divided Roadways: Bayesian Versus Empirical Bayes; Is Horizontal Curvature a Significant Factor of Safety in Rural Multilane Highways?; Developing Calibration Factors for Crash Prediction Models with Consideration of Crash Recording Threshold Change; Empirical Bayes Before-After Study on Safety Effect of Narrow Pavement Widening Projects in Texas; Transferability and Calibration of Highway Safety Manual Performance Functions and Development of New Models for Urban Four-Lane Divided Roads in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Safety Analysis of Freeway Segments with Random Parameters; Strength of the Variable: Calculating and Evaluating Safety Performance Function Calibration Factors for the State of Ohio; Statistical Evaluation of Different Sample Sizes for Local Calibration Process in the Highway Safety Manual; Results and Lessons from Local Calibration Process of the Highway Safety Manual for the State of Maryland; Validation Technique Applied to Oregon Safety Performance Function Arterial Segment Models." -- Publisher's description
Book Synopsis Highway and Traffic Safety by : National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Download or read book Highway and Traffic Safety written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation Research Record contains the following papers: Method for identifying factors contributing to driver-injury severity in traffic crashes (Chen, WH and Jovanis, PP); Crash- and injury-outcome multipliers (Kim, K); Guidelines for identification of hazardous highway curves (Persaud, B, Retting, RA and Lyon, C); Tools to identify safety issues for a corridor safety-improvement program (Breyer, JP); Prediction of risk of wet-pavement accidents : fuzzy logic model (Xiao, J, Kulakowski, BT and El-Gindy, M); Analysis of accident-reduction factors on California state highways (Hanley, KE, Gibby, AR and Ferrara, T); Injury effects of rollovers and events sequence in single-vehicle crashes (Krull, KA, Khattack, AJ and Council, FM); Analytical modeling of driver-guidance schemes with flow variability considerations (Kaysi, I and Ail, NH); Evaluating the effectiveness of Norway's speak out! road safety campaign : The logic of causal inference in road safety evaluation studies (Elvik, R); Effect of speed, flow, and geometric characteristics on crash frequency for two-lane highways (Garber, NJ and Ehrhart, AA); Development of a relational accident database management system for Mexican federal roads (Mendoza, A, Uribe, A, Gil, GZ and Mayoral, E); Estimating traffic accident rates while accounting for traffic-volume estimation error : a Gibbs sampling approach (Davis, GA); Accident prediction models with and without trend : application of the generalized estimating equations procedure (Lord, D and Persaud, BN); Examination of methods that adjust observed traffic volumes on a network (Kikuchi, S, Miljkovic, D and van Zuylen, HJ); Day-to-day travel-time trends and travel-time prediction form loop-detector data (Kwon, JK, Coifman, B and Bickel, P); Heuristic vehicle classification using inductive signatures on freeways (Sun, C and Ritchie, SG).
Book Synopsis Statistical Methods by : National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Download or read book Statistical Methods written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Transportation Research Record contains 28 papers dealing with statistical methods in highway safety research; highway safety data, analysis, and evaluation; occupant protection; and systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The papers address such topics as risk and crash prediction models, crashes on freeways and at signalized intersections, multivehicle crash prediction, speed and safety, red light running crashes, freeway lane closures, ramp design, accident exposure, rumble strip benefits, collisions with median trees, intersection safety, accident reconstruction, safety effects of speed limit changes, geometric design and head-on crashes, deer-vehicle crashes, sport utility vehicle rollover, vehicle occupancy and crash risk, a logit model for studying injury severity, abdominal injuries in rail passengers, healthy transport policies, and meta-analysis.
Book Synopsis Improved Safety Information to Support Highway Design by : Ronald C. Pfefer
Download or read book Improved Safety Information to Support Highway Design written by Ronald C. Pfefer and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1999 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
