Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Evaluation Of Physical And Chemical Pretreatment Methods To Improve Efficiency Of Anaerobic Digestion Of Waste Streams From Grain Processing
Download Evaluation Of Physical And Chemical Pretreatment Methods To Improve Efficiency Of Anaerobic Digestion Of Waste Streams From Grain Processing full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Evaluation Of Physical And Chemical Pretreatment Methods To Improve Efficiency Of Anaerobic Digestion Of Waste Streams From Grain Processing ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Pretreatment Methods to Improve Efficiency of Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Streams from Grain Processing by : Jagannadh Satyavolu
Download or read book Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Pretreatment Methods to Improve Efficiency of Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Streams from Grain Processing written by Jagannadh Satyavolu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, Anaerobic Digestion (AD) industry is booming and biogas, the most sustainable biofuel, produced via AD is in an exponential market growth curve. According to a November 2020 report from US Energy Information Administration (EIA), ,Äú25 large dairies and livestock operations in the United States produced a total of about 224 million kWh (or 0.2 billion kWh) of electricity from biogas,Äù. However, the growth of AD and the cost-effective use of the generated biogas are hindered by the inconsistencies (composition, suspended solids, flow rate, etc.) of the incoming waste stream and the associated biogas quality (due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide gas). A pretreatment step prior to an AD unit can promote consistency in the incoming stream, minimize the suspended solids; and thereby insures the efficiency of AD. In this study, we evaluated the method of pretreatment of waste streams from three grain processing industries, where 1) we adjusted the pH of a stream corresponding to its isoelectric point (zero zeta-potential), 2) removed solids (and their corresponding COD) that precipitated, and 3) produced a consistent composition stream to feed the AD process. For grain processing industry, the precipitated solids can be returned to their process ,Äì thus integrating the pretreatment with the rest of the process. The pH pre-treatment should not add any additional cost to the plant since the pH of the waste streams from grain processing plant needs to be raised per plant permits prior to disposal. Our lab and pilot AD studies showed a positive effect of such pretreatment on these waste streams in terms of increased biogas production (11,Äì60%) and COD removal (12,Äì60%), and in some instances reduction in H2S content in biogas (8%). This study clearly demonstrated that such a pretreatment method is economical and is effective to improve AD performance on waste waters from grain processing industries.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion in Built Environments by : Anna Sikora
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion in Built Environments written by Anna Sikora and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-11-03 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion of biomass to biogas, commonly occurring in natural anoxic ecosystems, is an excellent method for utilizing wastes and producing green energy. This book presents examples of local installations of AD, or their proposals, located at small factories, workplaces, and in rural areas and housing complexes. The facilities consider the specific nature of the region, site conditions, and specificity of the utilized wastes. They protect the environment and ensure dispersed energy production. The latter is of great economic significance due to its closeness to end customers. Small local installations expand the pool of renewable energy on a global scale.
Book Synopsis Pretreatment of Biomass by : Ashok Pandey
Download or read book Pretreatment of Biomass written by Ashok Pandey and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pretreatment of Biomass provides general information, basic data, and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources—biomass for their pretreatment—which is one of the most essential and critical aspects of biomass-based processes development. The quest to make the environment greener, less polluted, and less hazardous has led to the concept of biorefineries for developing bio-based processes and products using biomass as a feedstock. Each kind of biomass requires some kind of pretreatment to make it suitable for bioprocess. This book provides state-of-art information on the methods currently available for this. This book provides data-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment of lignocellulosic and algal biomass for further processing. Pretreatment of biomass is considered one of the most expensive steps in the overall processing in a biomass-to-biofuel program. With the strong advancement in developing lignocellulose biomass- and algal biomass-based biorefineries, global focus has been on developing pretreatment methods and technologies that are technically and economically feasible. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in methods used for the pretreatment of biomass. An entire section is devoted to the methods and technologies of algal biomass due to the increasing global attention of its use. - Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatament processes and technologies for biomass - Covers information on lignocellulosic and algal biomass to work on the principles of biorefinery - Useful for researchers intending to study scale-up - Provides information on integration of processes and technologies for the pretreatment of biomass
Book Synopsis Development of Effective Pretreatment and Bioconversion Systems for Converting Organic Residuals to Bioenergy by : Xiguang Chen
Download or read book Development of Effective Pretreatment and Bioconversion Systems for Converting Organic Residuals to Bioenergy written by Xiguang Chen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food processing industry wastes and agricultural residues are two major categories of organic wastes available in California. Treatment and disposal of such waste streams in a cost-effective way without causing social and environmental problems has long been an issue for the State. Meanwhile, as a result of rapidly escalating energy prices and increasing concerns about environmental pollution by refining fossil-based fuels, converting organic wastes to renewable energy and other valuable products can bring many economic and environmental benefits to the public. Anaerobic digestion is an in-vessel biological conversion technology that operates in the absence of oxygen that achieves waste treatment and renewable energy production all at once. However, lignocellulosic materials in such waste streams become the obstacle for developing and implementing the anaerobic digestion processes because the complex structural matrix in the lignocellulosic biomass limits the accessibility of microorganisms and enzymes. Pretreatment can alter the structure of the lignocellulosic materials and make the biomass more accessible to the microorganisms, consequently increasing the rate and the yield of conversion, and improving the feasibility of bioenergy production. Alkaline pretreatment NaOH was applied to grape pomace at different NaOH loadings and temperatures to determine the optimum pretreatment conditions for enhancing anaerobic digestibility of grape pomace. The results indicated that grape pomace treated with 6% NaOH at 20°C had the highest biogas yield of 544 mL/g VS after 20 days of anaerobic digestion, which was on average 31% higher than raw pomace. High temperature at 121°C indicated less pretreatment effectiveness than low temperature (20°C) counterpart and also inhibited anaerobic digestion test at the early stage of anaerobic digestion. Energy and mass balance, and economic analysis for the proposed integrated pretreatment and anaerobic digestion system showed that the optimum NaOH loading were 1.9, 3.3, and 4.4% for 50, 150, and 460 ton/day feedstock throughputs, respectively, and 164 ton/day is the minimum facility throughputs to make the project financially attractive. Woody biomass was considered as a supplemental feedstock for the grape pomace digestion facility in order to overcome the seasonal production of pomace. This study revealed that the alkaline pretreatment can effectively increase the biogas yield from woody biomass by 52% and inhibitors removal prior to anaerobic digestion is not necessary for biogas production. Co-digestion of grape pomace and woody biomass presented no synergetic effects, probably because the unbalanced carbon and nitrogen in the co-digestion mixture. Additional nitrogen source for continuously co-digesting grape pomace and woody biomass is expected and recommended for robust anaerobic microorganism consortium and optimum biogas production. Two-step NaOH pretreatment using fresh water as reaction solvent was designed to further increase the biodegradability of rice straw, which structure is more recalcitrant than grape pomace. The results demonstrated that two-step pretreatment improved the lignin removal and glucose production by 11% and 18%, respectively. Moreover, with the purpose of reducing water and chemical consumptions, black liquor separated after pretreatment was reused in substitution of fresh water. The results indicated two-step pretreatment using black liquor had lower (11%) bioconversion efficiency than two-step pretreatment using fresh water, but still improved 5% and 11% from one-step pretreatment using fresh water and one-step pretreatment using black liquor, respectively. Given the significant cost and environmental advantages of black liquor recycle and reuse, a semi-continuous two-step NaOH pretreatment experiment using recycled black liquor was conducted for downstream biogas production through anaerobic digestion. Lignin removal and enzymatic hydrolysis results suggested that the pretreatment effects decreased by replacing fresh water with black liquor but reached steady state after three recycling times using black liquor. However, sodium concentration limited the black liquor recycle times to three, otherwise anaerobic digestion processes could be severely inhibited. Therefore, it could be concluded that four-round two-step pretreatment using recycled black liquor could save 20% NaOH and 58% fresh water addition to the system while no significant decreases in biogas production. Economic analysis showed two-step NaOH pretreatment using black liquor and anaerobic digestion system had 53% higher net present worth than conventional one-step pretreatment and digestion system. However, both proposed projects were not financially viable (negative net present worth) under the assumptions in this study. Post-processing biogas treatment and marketable by-products development are two important factors that can improve the project feasibility based on sensitivity analysis. The recommended further studies based upon the results from this research include investigate mechanisms of two-step NaOH pretreatment and inhibition by lignin and its derivatives, conduct continuous pretreatment and anaerobic digestion test to determine operational parameters, develop digester effluent treatments to produce valuable by-products and release environmental burdens of disposal, and study Federal, State and local regulations that promote renewable energy projects to improve the feasibility of the project.
Book Synopsis Biogas Production by : Ackmez Mudhoo
Download or read book Biogas Production written by Ackmez Mudhoo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogas Production covers the most cutting-edge pretreatment processes being used and studied today for the production of biogas. As an increasingly important piece of the "energy pie," biogas and other biofuels are being used more and more around the world in every conceivable area of industry and could be a partial answer to the energy problem and the elimination of global warming. This book will highlight the recent advances in the pretreatment and value addition of lignocellulosic wastes (LCW) with the main focus on domestic and agro-industrial residues. Mechanical, physical, and biological treatment systems are brought into perspective. The main value-added products from lignocellulosic wastes are summarized in a manner that pinpoints the most recent trends and the future directions. Physico-chemical and biological treatment systems seem to be the most favored options while biofuels, biodegradable composites, and biosorbents production paint a bright picture of the current and future bio-based products. Engineered microbes seem to tackle the problem of bioconversion of substrates that are otherwise nonconvertible by conventional wild strains. Although the main challenge facing LCW utilization is the high costs involved in treatment and production processes, some recent affordable processes with promising results have been proposed. Future trends are being directed to nanobiotechnology and genetic engineering for improved processes and products.
Download or read book Biogas written by Abd El-Fatah Abomohra and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is by far the most important technology for providing clean renewable energy to millions in rural areas of many developing countries. AD of biowastes produces both biomethane and anaerobic digestate as a byproduct that can be used further as a biofertilizer. Biowastes including sewage, food processing wastes, animal wastes, and lignocellulosic wastes typically produce biogas containing 55%–70% biomethane. In the context of energy consumption, more than 85% of the total energy consumed currently comes from non-renewable fossil resources. Biogas technology can provide sustainable, affordable, and eco-friendly energy through waste recycling. This book provides basic knowledge and recent research on biogas production, focusing on the enhancement of biomethane and production routes integrated with microalgae cultivation or agriculture.
Download or read book Miscellaneous Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes by : J. Mata-Alvarez
Download or read book Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes written by J. Mata-Alvarez and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-08-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes is a comprehensive introduction to both the fundamentals and the more practical aspects of the anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes, particularly those derived from households, that is, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). It can be used as a textbook for specialized courses and also as a guide for practitioners. In the first part, the book covers the relevant aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. The fundamentals and kinetic aspects of AD are reviewed with particular emphasis on the aspects related to solid wastes. This introduction is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the AD process and to understand the practical principles as well as the origin of possible problems arising from the management of the process. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role of kinetics in designing the reactor, paying special attention to existing models, particularly the dynamic ones. Through this introduction, it is intended to facilitate the technology transfer from laboratory or pilot plant experiences to full-scale process, in order to implement improvements in current digesters. Laboratory methods are described for the analysis and optimization of reactor performance, such as methanogenic activity tests or experimental evaluation of the biodegradation kinetics of solid organic waste. The different reaction patterns applied to industrial reactors are outlined. Industrial reactors are classified in accordance with the system they use, pointing out advantages and limitations. Co-digestion, enabling the co-treatment of organic wastes of different origin in a more economically feasible way, is described in detail. Examples of co-digestion are given, with OFMSW as a base-substrate. Finally, full-scale co-digestion plants are discussed. Various types (mechanical, biological, physico-chemical) of pre-treatment to increase the biodegradability, and thus the yields of the process, are reviewed in detail. The use of the fermentation products of anaerobic digesters for biological nutrient removal processes in wastewater treatment plants is described. This constitutes an example of integrated waste management, a field in which both economic and technical advances can be achieved. Balances are given to justify the approach, and a full-scale case study is presented. The important topic of economics and the ecological advantages of the process are emphasized. The use of compost, the integration with composting technology, and advantages over other technologies are detailed in the framework of an environmental impact assessment of biowaste treatment. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of MSW in landfills is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on landfill process enhancement and strategies for its application.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion Processes by : Nigel Horan
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Processes written by Nigel Horan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new application processes in the context of anaerobic digestion (AD), such as phosphorus recovery, microbial fuel cells (MFCs), and seaweed digestion. In addition, it introduces a new technique for the modeling and optimization of AD processes. Chapters 1 and 2 review AD as a technique for converting a range of organic wastes into biogas, while Chapter 3 discusses the recovery of phosphorus from anaerobically digested liquor. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on new techniques for modeling and optimizing AD. Chapters 6 and 7 then describe the state of the art in AD effluent treatment. The book’s final three chapters focus on more recent developments, including microbial fuel cells (MFCs) (Chapter 8), seaweed production (Chapter 9), and enzyme technologies (Chapter 10).
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry by : Pratima Bajpai
Download or read book Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state-of-the-art report on the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents using anaerobic technology. It covers a comprehensive range of topics, including the basic reasons for anaerobic treatment, comparison between anaerobic and aerobic treatment, effluent types suitable for anaerobic treatment, design considerations for anaerobic treatment, anaerobic reactor configurations applied for treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents, present status of anaerobic treatment in pulp and paper industry, economic aspects, examples of full scale installations and future trends.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Recovery and Improvement of Anaerobic Digestion Process by Low Grade Magnesium Oxide Application by :
Download or read book Nutrient Recovery and Improvement of Anaerobic Digestion Process by Low Grade Magnesium Oxide Application written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a worldwide technology to treat organic waste streams, primarily due to its capacity to produce methane as renewable energy. However, there is an increasing interest on nutrient recovery (N and P), which from both environmental and economic reasons have been identified as key feature in anaerobic digestion plants. Controlled struvite formation has been attracting increasing attention as a near mature technology to recover nutrients from anaerobic digestion. However, struvite feasibility is generally limited by the high cost of chemical reagents. Because the economic feasibility of struvite is heavily influenced by reagent cost, several authors have trialled lower-cost magnesium sources. Studies to date on struvite precipitation with MgO have largely focused on the aqueous phase, with little attention given to the preceeding MgO dissolution. However, the observations noted above suggest that there may be opportunity to better understand, intervene and improve dissolution and access to MgO. The present study uses experiments and chemistry modelling to evaluate and better understand TAN removal from pig manure using MgO. Tests were performed with four industrial magnesium oxide (MgO) from natural magnesite calcination: a commercial high grade MgO (HGMgO) as well as a number of low-grade MgO (LGMgOs) by-products. All these MgO reagents were also pre-treated with phosphoric acid and tested separately after pre-treatment. The study focussed on the underlying chemistry to show how reactivity and dissolution of the various magnesium by-products influenced struvite precipitation and TAN removal performance. Moreover, another option to minimise struvite precipitation cost is to combine struvite precipitation and AD in the same reactor. Several authors have studied the addition of magnesium reagents (MgCl2 and Mg(OH)2) to precipitate struvite during anaerobic digestion, causing in some cases inhibition by pH or cation toxicity. However, to our knowledge, no references bave been found evaluating the utilization of magnesium by- products within the reactor to precipitate struvite during anaerobic digestion. In this study struvite precipitation and pig manure anaerobic digestion were coupled in the same reactor in order to mitigate the inhibitory effect of free ammonia and avoid precipitator costs. The stabilizing agent used to facilitate struvite precipitation was formulated with low-grade magnesium oxide by-product; an approach that would notably reduce struvite processing costs. Therefore, the feasibility of coupling anaerobic digestion and struvite precipitation in the same reactor was evaluated to enhance manure anaerobic digestion methane yields through ammonia inhibition mitigation. Five different magnesium sources were tested as struvite (ammonia sequestration agent) precursor, i.e. MgCl2, Mg(OH)2, two industrial by-products rich in MgO but with different reactivity, and a stabilizing agent. The latter was formulated in advance with the low reactivity industrial by-product and phosphoric acid. The effect of each magnesium source on anaerobic digestion as well as its struvite precipitation capacity was evaluated through a series biomethane potential test. However, a long term anaerobic digester operation was required to assess the feasibility of the process and to ensure that the stabilizing agent does not introduce any harmful compound for the anaerobic biomass. In this vein, the -3 addition of 5 and 30 kg m of the stabilizing agent in a pig manure continuous digester 3 -1 3 -1 resulted in a 25% (0.17 m kg ) and a 40% (0.19 m kg ) increase in methane production per mass of volatile solid, respectively, when compared with the reference digester (0.13 3 -1 m kg ). Moreover, the stability of the process during four hydraulic retention times guarantees that the stabilizing agent did not exert a negative effect on the consortium of microorganisms.
Book Synopsis Pathogen Destruction Efficiency In High Temperature Digestion by : Donald M. D. Gray (Gabb)
Download or read book Pathogen Destruction Efficiency In High Temperature Digestion written by Donald M. D. Gray (Gabb) and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare various thermophilic anaerobic digestion processes for meeting U.S. EPA biosolids Class A pathogen standards. The project was split into three phases. Phase 1 screened three bench-scale thermophilic anaerobic process configurations at three different thermophilic temperatures based on their fecal coliform destruction efficiency. All three of the thermophilic process configurations tested were capable of achieving the Class A fecal coliform standard and were included in Phase 2. In Phase 2, bench-scale anaerobic digesters were fed primary sludge seeded with E.coli, helminth ova, poliovirus, and Salmonella to evaluate pathogen destruction. Two process configurations, the thermophilic single-stage and the two-stage mesophilic acid-phase/thermophilic methane-phase system, met Class A requirements at 50oC. In Phase 3, the single-stage thermophilic anaerobic digestion process was compared to the single-stage mesophilic process at full scale (1.5-MG digesters) based on fecal coliform and pathogen destruction, process performance, digested sludge dewaterability, and odor generation. Pathogen destruction and process performance comparisons of the various process configurations are presented for each phase of the study. Based on the fecal coliform data presented here, an empirical model was developed for quantitatively comparing multiple stage and single-stage thermophilic anaerobic digester performance. The model demonstrates that various combinations of thermophilic temperatures, staging, and residence times can achieve the Class A fecal coliform requirement. This study also suggests that anaerobic digesters operating in the lower thermophilic temperature range (approximately 50?C) are not only capable of achieving Class A requirements but may also produce digested sludges with less odor and lower volatile solids than digesters operating at higher thermophilic temperatures.
Download or read book Bioenergy written by Yebo Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BIOENERGY: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS BIOENERGY: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS With growing concerns over climate change and energy insecurity coupled with dwindling reserves of fossil energy resources, there is a growing search for alternative, renewable energy resources. Energy derived from renewable bioresources such as biomass (energy crops, agri- and forest residues, algae, and biowastes) has received significant attention in recent years. With the growing interest in bioenergy, there has been increasing demand for a broad-ranging, introductory textbook that provides an essential overview of this very subject to students in the field. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications offers an invaluable introduction to both fundamental and applied aspects of bioenergy feedstocks and their processing, as well as lifecycle and techno-economic analyses, and policies as applied to bioenergy. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications provides readers with foundational information on first-, second-, and third-generation bioenergy, ranging from plant structure, carbohydrate chemistry, mass and energy balance, thermodynamics, and reaction kinetics to feedstock production, logistics, conversion technologies, biorefinery, lifecycle and techno-economic analyses, and government policies. This textbook gives students and professionals an incomparable overview of the rapidly growing field of bioenergy. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications will be an essential resource for students, engineers, researchers, and industry personnel interested in, and working in, the bioenergy field.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Anuj Chandel
Download or read book Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Anuj Chandel and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides important aspects of sustainable degradation of lignocellulosic biomass which has a pivotal role for the economic production of several value-added products and biofuels with safe environment. Different pretreatment techniques and enzymatic hydrolysis process along with the characterization of cell wall components have been discussed broadly. The following features of this book attribute its distinctiveness: This book comprehensively covers the improvement in methodologies for the biomass pretreatment, hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown into fermentable sugars, the analytical methods for biomass characterization, and bioconversion of cellulosics into biofuels. In addition, mechanistic analysis of biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have been discussed in details, highlighting key factors influencing these processes at industrial scale.
Book Synopsis Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers by : Shang-Tian Yang
Download or read book Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers written by Shang-Tian Yang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sets the stage for large-scale production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals In response to diminishing supplies as well as the environmental hazards posed by fossil fuels and petrochemicals, interest and demand for green, sustainable biofuels and bio-based chemicals are soaring. Biomass may be the solution. It is an abundant carbon-neutral renewable feedstock that can be used for the production of fuels and chemicals. Currently, biorefineries use corn, soybeans, and sugarcane for bioethanol and biodiesel production; however, there are many challenges facing biorefineries, preventing biomass from reaching its full potential. This book provides a comprehensive review of bioprocessing technologies that use lignocellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels, biochemicals, and biopolymers. It begins with an overview of integrated biorefineries. Next, it covers: Biomass feedstocks, including sugar, starch, oil, and energy crops as well as microalgae Pretreatment technologies for lignocellulosic biomass Hydrolytic enzymes used in biorefineries for the hydrolysis of starch and lignocelluloses Bioconversion technologies for current and future biofuels such as ethanol, biodiesel, butanol, hydrogen, and biogas Specialty chemicals, building block chemicals, and biopolymers produced via fermentation Phytochemicals and functional food ingredients extracted from plant materials All the chapters have been written and edited by leading experts in bioprocessing and biorefining technologies. Contributions are based on a thorough review of the literature as well as the authors' firsthand experience developing and working with bioprocessing technologies. By setting forth the current state of the technology and pointing to promising new directions in research, Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers will enable readers to move towards large-scale, sustainable, and economical production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Lignocellulosic Waste by : Luis Isidoro Romero García
Download or read book Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Lignocellulosic Waste written by Luis Isidoro Romero García and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.
Book Synopsis Investigating Various Types of Pre-treatments of Whiskey Distillery and Brewery Wastes for Anaerobic Digestion by : Burcu Gunes
Download or read book Investigating Various Types of Pre-treatments of Whiskey Distillery and Brewery Wastes for Anaerobic Digestion written by Burcu Gunes and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste to energy conversion potential of whiskey distilleries and breweries is attracting more and more interest due to the high energy demands of manufacturing processes as well as environmental concerns regarding typical waste disposal methods. Whiskey distillery/brewery waste streams, commonly known as pot ale and spent grain, are classified as lignocellulosic material. A pre-treatment step prior to anaerobic digestion is therefore necessary to obtain sufficient lignin degradation and to achieve an increased hydrolysis rate. In this research project, a combination of alkaline pre-treatment with beating, microwave and ultrasonic pre-treatments were introduced to the literature as novel pre-treatment methods for whiskey distillery/brewery waste streams. Alkaline-beating hybrid pre-treatment was applied and optimised for both pot ale alone and a pot ale-spent grain mixture. The biogas generation of non-treated pot ale and pot ale-spent grain with a 50% inoculum on a wet basis was found to be 205 ± 21.4 ml biogas/g VS with 19.3% CH4 and 239 ± 3 ml biogas/g VS with 49.1± 2% CH4 respectively. A significant enhancement was seen after the implementation of a 1M NaOH and 7.5 min beating pre-treatment, and the biogas yields increased to 550±6 ml/g VS with a CH4 content of 54.3% and to 360±10 ml/g VS with 49.1% CH4 respectively. Response Surface Modelling was employed for modelling, statistical analysis and optimisation of the process. The most powerful design factor was identified as inoculum amount. Therefore, seeding ratio was scanned from 50 - 95% on wet basis with application of thermochemical pre-treatment. A 3-fold increase was achieved in biogas yield by reaching 2768±234 ml/g VS with combined 1 M NaOH alkaline and 240 W microwave pre-treatment prior to anaerobic digestion of pot ale with a 95% inoculum. On the other hand, no significant difference was seen in biogas yield after implementation of alkaline-ultrasonic pre-treatment. However, combined 3 M NaOH alkaline and 1 amplitude ultrasonic pre-treatment for 2 hours on pot ale offered a reduction in COD of 57±6.1% and a reduction of 60±3.3% in BOD. The mineral quality of the digestate (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) was analysed to assess it's potential for agricultural use as a fertilizer; this compared favourably with an industrial digestate. A full-scale AD plant for industrial application was modelled based on the experimental results; CAPEX/OPEX estimations were obtained from published resources with data from 7 AD plant. It was determined that CSTR with an inoculum ratio of 65 - 95% in combination with CHP.
