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Evaluation Of Mixed Multiple And Paired Stimulus Preference Assessments With Adults With Developmental Disabilities
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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Mixed Multiple- and Paired-stimulus Preference Assessments with Adults with Developmental Disabilities by : Carly Thiessen
Download or read book Evaluation of Mixed Multiple- and Paired-stimulus Preference Assessments with Adults with Developmental Disabilities written by Carly Thiessen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of a Self-instructional Manual for Conducting Paired-stimulus Preference Assessment with Individuals with Developmental Disabilities by : Carly Chand
Download or read book Evaluation of a Self-instructional Manual for Conducting Paired-stimulus Preference Assessment with Individuals with Developmental Disabilities written by Carly Chand and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ample research has shown that direct preference assessment is an effective method for identifying reinforcers for people with developmental disabilities with limited communication skills. Research has also shown that self-instructional manuals are an effective and efficient means for teaching individuals to implement a variety of procedures with individuals with developmental disabilities. I prepared a self-instructional manual to teach individuals to conduct a paired-stimulus (PS) direct preference assessment procedure. I used a concurrent modified multiple-baseline design across participants, combined with an unbalanced crossover design between groups, to evaluate the effectiveness of the manual to teach staff and university students to conduct the assessment. The manual was compared to a description of the assessment procedure adapted from the method sections of published research articles. Four university students and six staff members who work with individuals with developmental disabilities participated. None of the participants had previous experience conducting direct preference assessments. No participant met mastery criterion during simulated preference assessments before training. All participants met mastery criterion (80% correct or higher during a PS preference assessment) after studying the self-instructional manual. No participants met mastery after studying the method description adapted from published studies; participants subsequently met mastery criteria following study of the manual. Across all phases of the study, staff members performed with slightly higher accuracy than students. Training time required to master the self-instructional manual averaged 43 min. Participants' performance remained at high levels during follow-up and generalization sessions. Participants also rated the self-instructional manual more favourably than the method description on a social validity questionnaire. The self-instructional manual offers an efficient, low-cost alternative to face-to-face training for teaching individuals to conduct paired-stimulus preference assessments.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of a Training Manual to Teach Multiple-stimulus Preference Assessment by : Duong Ramon
Download or read book Evaluation of a Training Manual to Teach Multiple-stimulus Preference Assessment written by Duong Ramon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Training Manual -- Preference Assessment -- Developmental Disabilities.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Rate of Challenging Behavior Maintained by Different Reinforcers Across Three Preference Assessments by : Soyeon Kang
Download or read book Evaluation of the Rate of Challenging Behavior Maintained by Different Reinforcers Across Three Preference Assessments written by Soyeon Kang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference is commonly incorporated into educational interventions for individuals with developmental disabilities. Preference assessments have a solid research base indicating that they are more reliable tools for finding preference than the subjective opinions of parents and teachers. As evidence-based practices have been emphasized, the preference assessment has been a regular component of interventions and instructional programs for the population. Along with the utility, research regarding the assessment and relevant variables has also increased. However, many questions still exist and wait for more inquiry. One of the practical issues is the occurrence of challenging behaviors of individuals with disabilities during preference assessments. Highly occurring challenging behavior during an assessment may interrupt the procedure and lead to inaccurate results about the individual's preference. That may ultimately affect the effectiveness of the intervention or instructional program. Using a procedure that does not evoke challenging behavior is necessary for accurate results as well as ethically responsible. Therefore this study examined the relation between functions of challenging behavior and three commonly used preference assessment procedures: Paired-Stimulus (PS), Multiple-Stimulus without Replacement (MSWO), and Free-Operant (FO). This study had two phases: Functional analyses and preference assessments. First, functional analyses were conducted to identify the function of challenging behaviors. The participants were nine children with developmental disabilities whose functional analysis results indicated their challenging behavior was maintained by access to tangible items (5), attention (2), and escape (2) reinforcers. After identifying the behaviors' functions, preference assessments were implemented to compare the rates of the challenging behaviors. Each preference assessment format was conducted 5 times, in a random order for each participant. The results of the study demonstrate that the occurrence of challenging behavior with different functions was different depending on procedure formats. This suggests that there would be a relation between functions of challenging behavior and preference assessment formats. In other words, depending on the function of challenging behavior, the assessment procedure may act as a trigger evoking the challenging behavior. This study discussed practical guidance to prevent challenging behavior during preference assessments.
Book Synopsis Teaching Individuals to Conduct Paired-stimulus Preference Assessments for Persons with Developmental Disabilities Using Computer-aided Instruction by : Chelsey Michalyshyn
Download or read book Teaching Individuals to Conduct Paired-stimulus Preference Assessments for Persons with Developmental Disabilities Using Computer-aided Instruction written by Chelsey Michalyshyn and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulus preference assessments are evidence-based methods for identifying preferred items and potential reinforcers for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In Experiment 1, the effectiveness of a Paired-Stimulus Self-Instructional Manual, delivered online using the Computer-Aided Personalized System of Instruction (CAPSI), with added videos, was evaluated. In a concurrent multiple-probe design across four groups of undergraduate university students, no participant met the mastery criterion (80%) on written knowledge tests or during simulated assessments, during baseline or after reading a method description adapted from the published literature. However, 11 of the 12 participants met mastery following the online self-instructional training package. Participants improved from a mean performance accuracy of 45.3% in baseline to a mean of 92.4% at post-CAPSI on written knowledge tests, and from a mean performance accuracy of 26.5% in baseline to 85.4% during post-CAPSI simulated assessments. Generalization assessments conducted 7 to 14 days post-CAPSI, showed that all participants performed above the mastery criterion (M = 93.3%). In Experiment 2, the online training package was implemented and managed by an Autism Consultant in a clinical setting for children with autism spectrum disorder, to teach Autism Tutors to carry out the procedure. In a concurrent multiple-probe design across three Autism Tutors, all met and exceeded the mastery criterion (80%) at post-CAPSI on both written knowledge tests and simulated assessments. Mean performance on written knowledge tests improved from 55.7% in baseline to 94.3% at post-CAPSI, and mean performance on simulated assessments improved from 31.8% in baseline to 90% at post-CAPSI. Generalization assessments conducted 7 to 14 days post-CAPSI showed that all Autism Tutors performed above the mastery criterion (M = 88.7%). The online training package was rated highly on social validity assessments in both experiments.
Book Synopsis Stimulus Preference Assessment with Immediate Versus Delayed Item Access by : Brennan Foidart
Download or read book Stimulus Preference Assessment with Immediate Versus Delayed Item Access written by Brennan Foidart and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For individuals with severe intellectual or developmental disabilities, communicating preferences can be a monumental task. In order to help identify what a person likes or prefers, a formal stimulus preference assessment can be conducted with the individual. Typically, when examining preference in people with developmental disabilities, the individual being tested is given access to their chosen item immediately after a response is made. However, there are many items and activities in everyday situations that cannot be accessed immediately. The present study evaluated whether immediate or delayed access to items during a paired-stimulus preference assessment impacted preference hierarchy concordance for three people with developmental disabilities. The preference hierarchies between immediate and delayed access conditions were positively correlated for all three participants, with Tau coefficients ranging from .35 to .91, although they were not statistically significant. The most preferred item identified in the delayed condition was also the most preferred item in the immediate access condition for two of the three participants.
Book Synopsis A Comparison of Engagement-based Stimulus Preference Assessments (SPA) by : Rebecca Duke
Download or read book A Comparison of Engagement-based Stimulus Preference Assessments (SPA) written by Rebecca Duke and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference assessments are effective assessments that can be used to determine preferences for individuals with developmental disabilities. The two preference assessment methods are: approach-based and engagement-based. Engagement-based preference assessments are shorter in duration and associated with fewer problem behaviors when compared to approach-based assessments. The two types of engagement-based preference assessments are single-stimulus and multiple-stimulus engagement preference assessments. The current study compared outcomes of the single-stimulus engagement (SSE) and multiple-stimulus engagement (MSE) preference assessment methods to determine reinforcing value of the items identified during both assessments and occurrences of problem behavior. The results of the preference assessments also demonstrated that the MSE preference assessment was associated with lower occurrences of problem behavior in comparison to the SSE preference assessment. Also, the reinforcer assessments demonstrated that items never engaged with during the MSE preference assessment did act as moderately effective reinforcers for all four participants. The items engaged with at moderate to high levels during the SSE preference assessment did not act as effective reinforcers for two out of the four participants when tested for reinforcing value. There are several limitations that may have contributed to the findings that are discussed..
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of High Versus Low Preferred Education-based Stimulus Equivalence Protocols for Adults with Developmental Disabilities Outside the Educational System by : Ryan A. Richmond
Download or read book An Evaluation of High Versus Low Preferred Education-based Stimulus Equivalence Protocols for Adults with Developmental Disabilities Outside the Educational System written by Ryan A. Richmond and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study utilized Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 to investigate the role of comparing high and low preferred education-based stimulus equivalence protocols for adults with developmental disabilities outside the educational system. First, participants were exposed to all educational categories and completed a paired choice preference assessment to identify high and low preferred protocols. Next, participants completed high and low preferred protocols following an alternating treatments design, with an initial pretest, training, posttest, and a test for an emergent topography (typing skills). Results showed evidence of higher preference through duration and errors per min measures for two of three participants, with results unclear for a third participant. Furthermore, one participant displayed all equivalence classes expected of the training protocol, while another demonstrated all emergent relations for the high preferred protocol but only one of six for the low preferred protocol, and the last participant exceeded criterion for four of six posttests for the high preferred protocol, and two of six for the low preferred protocol. The results are discussed in terms of measures for preferences, habilitation, modifications to training protocols, the study's limitations, and directions for future research.
Book Synopsis Evaluating Stimulus Inclusion Methods in Multiple-stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments by : Sara Jeglum
Download or read book Evaluating Stimulus Inclusion Methods in Multiple-stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments written by Sara Jeglum and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple-stimulus without replacement preference assessments (MSWO) have been well-documented in the literature as evidence-based methods of identifying possible reinforcers to occasion desired behavior (e.g., task completion) for individuals with and without disabilities. Stimuli included in the MSWO are typically chosen through structured interviews, arbitrary experimenter selection, observation, informal interview with caregivers or teachers, or self-report. Based on systematic review on preference assessments with adolescents with autism or developmental disabilities, stimuli for the MSWO are primarily selected based on informal report by relevant stakeholders, or inclusion procedures are not specified. Only two out of thirty studies used student self-report of preferences to identify stimuli for inclusion. While MSWOs are efficacious, the methods by which the initial stimuli are selected for an MSWO array are highly variable or not described in the extant literature, limiting the effectiveness of interventions.This study sought to elucidate a standard for stimulus inclusion methods for adolescents with autism and other developmental disabilities. Using a single-case multi-element design, four adolescent boys with autism completed MSWOs based on the various methods of identifying stimuli for the array. Reinforcer assessments were conducted to verify the most effective stimulus inclusion procedure. The identified highest preferred stimuli were delivered contingent on completion of each participant's individualized academic work. Task performance was compared using percentage of differentiation. A social validity measure was administered to stakeholders.Results indicated that for all four participants, informants endorsed vastly different stimuli for inclusion in MSWOs. When comparing these stimuli, however, there was no differentiation in the reinforcer assessment for time to task completion. One participant engaged in rates of noncompliance that differentiated between informants and the control condition. Therefore, no uniform standard for stimulus selection was identified. Acceptability data indicate that all participants were satisfied with the preference assessment procedures and found that making choices was important for the adolescents. These results suggest that it is incumbent upon those who work with adolescents on the spectrum to gather report from multiple informants to ascertain an appropriate range of possible reinforcers. Factors contributing to the efficacy of various stimulus inclusion methods are discussed.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of a Progressive Model for Identifying Preferred Stimuli for Children with Developmental Disabilities by : Amanda M. Karsten
Download or read book Evaluation of a Progressive Model for Identifying Preferred Stimuli for Children with Developmental Disabilities written by Amanda M. Karsten and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference assessments for individuals with disabilities differ along many dimensions, including time requirements for implementation and probability of identifying a hierarchy of relative preferences. Some methods of assessment are also more conductive to use with individuals who exhibit problem behavior or certain prerequisite skills. Inaccurate results and loss of valuable treatment time are among the risks associated with selecting ineffective or unnecessarily lengthy procedures. The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate a progressive model for conducting preference assessments which incorporates many of the aforementioned considerations. Concurrent-operant reinforcer evaluations were used to verify assessment findings. Based on 17 participants completed to date, the majority (i.e., 76% of all participants) progressed to reinforcer evaluation following the initial multiple-stimulus without replacement (MSWO) assessment. The free-operant method was the second most commonly implemented approach (i.e., 18% of all participants). Subsequent reinforcer evaluations confirmed assessment findings in all but two cases. Results from the investigation are discussed in terms of the utility of this particular model and possibilities for the application of alternative algorithms to behavior analytic technologies.
Book Synopsis Examination of Choice Overload During Stimulus Preference Assessments by : Jeffrey R. Miller
Download or read book Examination of Choice Overload During Stimulus Preference Assessments written by Jeffrey R. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice overload is characterized by individuals experiencing a decrease in preference strength and satisfaction (Chemey, 2003) in conjunction with increases in disappointment and regret regarding a chosen option (Schwartz, 2000). Choice overload has been examined in a variety of situations, however choice overload has not been examined with individuals with developmental disabilities or during stimulus preference assessments. While extensive research has been conducted regarding stimulus preference assessments, no research has been conducted evaluating the most effective number of items to use during preference assessments. The purpose of the present study was to compare using six and 18 item arrays during a multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessment, to evaluate the accuracy of both procedures with a reinforcer assessment, and to evaluate the behavior of participants for characteristics of choice overload during the preference and reinforcer assessments. The results of the present study suggest that the results between the six and 18 item preference assessments are strongly consistent; however the six item assessments overestimated the reinforcer efficacy of numerous items in comparison to the 18 item preference assessment. The results also suggest that two participants displayed characteristics associated with choice overload and that a certain level of cognitive functioning may be required for choice overload to occur.
Book Synopsis Stimulus Preference Assessments by : Allison Nicole Radomski
Download or read book Stimulus Preference Assessments written by Allison Nicole Radomski and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulus preference assessments have been compared multiple ways for efficiency and effectiveness in identifying reinforcers. Researchers have compared verbal, pictorial and tangible assessments among individuals with intellectual disabilities, and have found that all three methods are valid. However, few studies have evaluated these methods in populations outside of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The purpose of the current study was to compare verbal-only and tangible-verbal preference assessment methods in a paired-choice format. Four participants, 4-6 years old, without language delays were employed. Participants selected stimuli during each type of preference assessment, creating a hierarchy for each. A reinforcer assessment was then conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of selected stimuli. Correlation coefficients were then calculated to determine the extent to which each preference assessment method was accurate. Results show that the verbal-only preference assessment method was more effective in identif'ying preference for two participants, and the verbal-tangible preference assessment method was more effective for the other two participants.
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Preferences Identified During Single-stimulus, Paired-stimulus, and Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessment Procedures and Reinforcer Potency by : Steven Edward Lindauer
Download or read book The Relationship Between Preferences Identified During Single-stimulus, Paired-stimulus, and Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessment Procedures and Reinforcer Potency written by Steven Edward Lindauer and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating video modeling to teach caregivers to conduct paired-stimulus preference assessments by : Cristina D. Andersen
Download or read book Evaluating video modeling to teach caregivers to conduct paired-stimulus preference assessments written by Cristina D. Andersen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preference Assessments with Individuals with Severe Disabilities by : Amanda R. Yeager
Download or read book Preference Assessments with Individuals with Severe Disabilities written by Amanda R. Yeager and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Three children with mental retardation and/or autism participated in a study evaluating the reinforcing effectiveness of moderate- and low-preference stimuli. Nine full array Multiple-Stimulus Without Replacement (MSWO) preference assessments were conducted assessing tangible and edible stimuli. The items categorized as moderate- and low-preference using the Ciccone, Graff, and Ahearn (2005) point weighting scoring method were reassessed. The items ranked high-, moderate-, and low-preference from the assessments were then evaluated during the reinforcer assessments. An alternating treatments design was implemented and data were compared to baseline using an A-B design. Two participants' responding increased as the low-, moderate-, and high-preference reinforcement contingencies were implemented. For one participant, the moderate- and high-preference stimuli produced responding at 100%. One participant had minimal responding relative to baseline across all three stimuli. This study extends previous research by demonstrating the MSWO is an effective and efficient technique to identify reinforcers.
Book Synopsis Validation of Preference Assessment Involving Persons with Varying Degrees of Multiple Disabilities Through Contingent and Non-contingent Stimulus Use in Daily Activity Routines by : Vanetta R. LaRosa
Download or read book Validation of Preference Assessment Involving Persons with Varying Degrees of Multiple Disabilities Through Contingent and Non-contingent Stimulus Use in Daily Activity Routines written by Vanetta R. LaRosa and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most challenging issues confronting individuals with severe/profound and multiple disabilities and their caretakers is the identification of stimulus preferences or reinforcing stimuli. Methodologies used to identify stimulus preferences typically rely on the individual emitting a selection response such as choosing stimuli from an array of options. For some individuals, however, this identification is difficult or impossible due to sensory disabilities and the lack of reliable voluntary responses. As an alternative, this study conducted a three phase investigation of preference identification and use within activities of daily living instruction. In Phase 1, experienced caregiver recommendations of stimulus preferences were obtained for each of three severely or profoundly disabled children or young adults. In Phase 2, the validity of the presumed preferences was evaluated by conducting structured observations of participants' mood in the presence of different stimuli, including caregiver recommended and randomly selected stimuli. In Phase 3, an alternating treatments multiple-baseline single subject design was used to evaluate antecedent (noncontingent), consequent (contingent), and combined antecedent-consequent access to the most preferred stimuli as part of the students' Adaptive Daily Living (ADL) training. Dependent measures collected during these observations included mood, cooperativeness, and success at achieving ADL target behaviors. Results of the study generally supported the expectations that (a) caregivers' recommendations, obtained through a structured interview (the RAISD), were accurate predictors of stimuli that raised participants' mood; (b) access to the stimuli during ADL training improved mood, cooperativeness, and success compared to these measures at Baseline; (c) antecedent presentation of the stimuli was as effective as consequent presentation, and (d) the combination of both was best overall. Identifying and presenting potent positive reinforcers by means of the techniques described here should serve the dual purpose of improving quality of life and improving progress in federally-mandated training programs.
Book Synopsis Ledyard Stebbins, 94 (obituary). by :
Download or read book Ledyard Stebbins, 94 (obituary). written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
