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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (256 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Early-age Cracking Sensitivity in Bridge Deck Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Phillip Wayne Pesek
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Temperature, Stress, and Strength Development of Early-age Bridge Deck Concrete written by Phillip Wayne Pesek and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In bridge deck concrete, early-age cracking can lead to substantial serviceability and structural integrity issues over the lifespan of the bridge. An understanding of the temperature, stress, and strength development of concrete can aid determining the early-age cracking susceptibility. This project, funded by the Texas Department of Transportation, evaluated these properties for various bridge deck materials and mixture proportions. The research presented in this thesis involved a laboratory testing program that used a combination of semi-adiabatic calorimetry, rigid cracking frame, free shrinkage frame, and match cured cylinder testing program that allowed the research team to simulate the performance of common bridge deck mixture designs under hot and cold weather conditions. In this program, the semi-adiabatic calorimetry was used, with previously generated models, to generate the temperature profile of the mixture. The rigid cracking frame and free shrinkage frame were used to evaluate the restrained stress development and the unrestrained volume changes, respectively, under the simulated temperatures. The match-cure cylinder testing program allowed the research team to generate a strength development profile for the concrete mixtures under the various simulated temperature profiles. Results from the laboratory program revealed that in hot weather simulations, ground granulated blast furnace slag mixtures developed the lowest stress / strength ratios, and in cold weather simulations, Class F fly ash mixtures developed the lowest stress / strength ratios. In general, use of SCMs and limestone coarse aggregate results in mixtures that generate less heat and lower stress / strength ratios. Isothermal testing showed that shrinkage reducing admixtures were effective in reducing early-age strains from chemical shrinkage. In addition to the laboratory testing program, a field testing program was completed to measure the temperature development of four bridge decks during the winter and summer months. The recorded concrete temperatures and the effects of the environmental conditions at the time of the pour will aid in the calibration and validation of the temperature prediction component of ConcreteWorks for bridge deck construction. In addition, experience gained through these field pours resulted in an optimized instrumentation procedure that will aid in the successful collection of data in future projects.
Author : Jianmin Zhuang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (437 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Concrete Mix Designs to Mitigate Early-age Shrinkage Cracking in Bridge Decks written by Jianmin Zhuang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jafar Allahham
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Review and Specification for Shrinkage Cracks of Bridge Decks written by Jafar Allahham and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An existing standard method ASTM C157 is used to determine the length change or free shrinkage of an unrestrained concrete specimen. However, in bridge decks, the concrete is actually under restrained conditions, and thus free shrinkage test methods do not represent the same condition of bridge decks and are not correlated to in field bridge deck shrinkage. An alternative for restrained shrinkage is to use one of the two existing standards AASHTO T334-08 or ASTM C1581. In these two restrained test methods, the concrete is cast in the circumference around an inner steel ring. The purpose of this study was to construct the apparatus for the AASHTO T334-08 method to estimate the cracking age of concrete mixtures that may be used in bridge decks. In the processes of the apparatus setup, several limitations to the method were discovered, such as the influence of the surrounding environment and the repeatability of the method. Thus, an additional study was done to evaluate the sensitivity of shrinkage measurements (ASTM C157 and AASHTO T334-08) in different surrounding environments, with different mix designs (e.g., varying w/cm, binder content and aggregate size), and different concrete specimen thicknesses. Overall, it was confirmed that most mixtures did not even indicate any cracking unless a high cement volume content of 24% with no coarse aggregates was tested using the existing AASHTO T334-08 restrained ring method. A thinner ring (2” of concrete instead of 3”) had a decreased age of cracking. The free shrinkage ASTM C157 is still the easiest, and a relatively fast method to use and can provide relative comparisons between different mixtures or between different environments.
Author : Pizhong Qiao (Civil engineer)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (668 download)
Download or read book Mitigation Strategies for Early-age Shrinkage Cracking in Bridge Decks written by Pizhong Qiao (Civil engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early-age shrinkage cracking has been observed in many concrete bridge decks in Washington State and elsewhere around the U.S. The cracking increases the effects of freeze-thaw damage, spalling, and corrosion of steel reinforcement, thus resulting in premature deterioration and structural deficiency of the bridges. In this study, the main causes of the early-age cracking in the decks are identified, and concrete mix designs as a strategy to prevent or minimize the shrinkage cracking are evaluated. Different sources (eastern and western Washington) and sizes of aggregates are considered, and the effects of paste content, cementitious materials (cement, fly ash, silica fume, slag), and shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) are evaluated. A series of fresh, mechanical and shrinkage property tests were performed for each concrete mix. The outcomes of this study identify optimum concrete mix designs as appropriate mitigation strategies to reduce or eliminate early-age shrinkage cracking and thus help minimize shrinkage cracking in the concrete bridge decks, potentially leading to longer service life.
Author : R. Springenschmid
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780419187103
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (871 download)
Download or read book Thermal Cracking in Concrete at Early Ages written by R. Springenschmid and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-10-13 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Restraint and intrinsic stresses in concrete at early ages are vitally important for concrete structures which must remain free of water-permeable cracks, such as water-retaining structures, tunnel linings, locks and dams. The development of hydration heat, stiffness and strength, also the degree of restraint and, especially for high-strength concrete, non-thermal effects, are decisive for sensitivity to cracking. Determining thses stresses in the laboratory and in construction components has led to a clearer understanding of how they develop and how to optimize mix design, temperature and curing conditions. New testing equipment has enabled the effects of all the important parameters to be qualified and more reliable models for predictiong restraint stresses to be developed. Thermal Cracking in Conrete at Early Ages contains 56 contributions by leading international specialists presented at the RILEM Symposium held in October 1994 at the Technical University of Munich. It will be valuable for construction and site engineers, concrete technologists and scientists.
Author : Abdul Aziz Salah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)
Download or read book Numerically Modeling Steel Continuous Bridges for Early Age Concrete Deck Cracking written by Abdul Aziz Salah and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early age bridge deck cracking is a common problem throughout the United States. Early age cracking develops shortly after the deck is poured. It reduces the serviceability and lifespan of bridges. Early age cracking can be typically attributed to either of two factors, 1) construction practices, and 2) shrinkage. The Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT) has experienced early age bridge deck cracking. ARDOT currently specifies a sequence deck pour on most of their bridges; however, contractors prefer continuous deck pours because of ease and construction time. During the period of this TRC1903 research project, ARDOT has only approved a few continuous pours for relatively short bridges, 180 to 190 ft. long. Concrete cracking occurs when concrete tensile stresses exceed the concrete's tensile strength. Therefore, early age bridge deck cracking is evaluated in this thesis be monitoring induced concrete tensile stresses and comparing these values with the concrete's concurrent tensile strength. Bridge site visits at bridges constructed using a continuous deck pour process were conducted to study deck cracking patterns in newly constructed bridges and identify deck sections that were experiencing cracking. In addition to a visual approach for identifying sections experiencing cracking, a numerical method was used. Finite element bridge models were created using ABAQUS to compare numerical modeling results to field recorded results attained from a bridge instrumented with strain gauges cast inside the concrete deck. Additional numerical models were made to verify the modeling techniques used by the author by validating calculated stresses with numerical models in the literature. The Finite element models were specifically developed to model the bridge deck construction process. Therefore, time dependent loads and material properties were considered in the numerical model. Concrete material time dependency was estimated using the Eurocode specifications (CEN., 1992). In addition, concrete stresses were calculated in this thesis using the Eurocode modular ratio approach.
Download or read book Mitigation of Early Age Cracking of Concrete for Bridge Decks written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dejian Shen
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811983984
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Cracking Control on Early-Age Concrete Through Internal Curing written by Dejian Shen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-10 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is written based on the author's research on the assessment, control, and repair of cracking of early-age concrete in the recent decade. The technique of internal curing for increasing cracking resistance of early-age concrete is further developed through experimental and theoretical research. It establishes models for predicting the internal relative humidity and autogenous shrinkage of internally cured concrete at early age; reveals the variation law and mechanism of early-age tensile creep of internally cured concrete; and explores the variation law and mechanism of early-age cracking resistance of internally cured concrete under continuous restrained condition or uniaxial restrained condition. It is designed as a reference work for professionals or practitioners and a textbook for undergraduates or postgraduates. As such, this book provides valuable knowledge, useful methods, and practical experience that can be considered in the field of concrete cracking control.
Author : Rajarajan Subramanian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (496 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Shrinkage Cracking Potential of Concrete Used in Bridge Decks in Florida written by Rajarajan Subramanian and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the test data and the analysis results obtained from the 15 concrete mixes tested in this set of experiments, the developed Constrained Long Specimen method demonstrated that it provided reasonable assessment of expected shrinkage-induced stresses in the concrete. Due to the creep of concrete at early age, the shrinkage-induced stress in the concrete is much lower than that estimated by multiplying the shrinkage strain by the elastic modulus of the concrete. Using the CLS test method enables the creep component to be properly considered, and a realistic determination to be made of the expected induced shrinkage stresses in concrete in service. The results of the CLS tests on the 15 concrete mixes showed the possible benefits of using a shrinkage-reducing admixture in reducing the potential shrinkage cracking of concrete in service.
Author : Pizhong Qiao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (668 download)
Download or read book Mitigation Strategies for Early-age Shrinkage Cracking in Bridge Decks written by Pizhong Qiao and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early-age shrinkage cracking has been observed in many concrete bridge decks in Washington State and elsewhere around the U.S. The cracking increases the effects of freeze-thaw damage, spalling, and corrosion of steel reinforcement, thus resulting in premature deterioration and structural deficiency of the bridges. In this study, the main causes of the early-age cracking in the decks are identified, and concrete mix designs as a strategy to prevent or minimize the shrinkage cracking are evaluated. Different sources (eastern and western Washington) and sizes of aggregates are considered, and the effects of paste content, cementitious materials (cement, fly ash, silica fume, slag), and shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) are evaluated. A series of fresh, mechanical and shrinkage property tests were performed for each concrete mix. The outcomes of this study identify optimum concrete mix designs as appropriate mitigation strategies to reduce or eliminate early-age shrinkage cracking and thus help minimize shrinkage cracking in the concrete bridge decks, potentially leading to longer service life.
Author : Heinere Howard Ah-Sha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Early Age Shrinkage and Cracking of Nevada Concrete Bridge Decks written by Heinere Howard Ah-Sha and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Fragkoulis Kanavaris
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030729214
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)
Download or read book International RILEM Conference on Early-Age and Long-Term Cracking in RC Structures written by Fragkoulis Kanavaris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-18 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations and applications in the field of crack control in concrete, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the International RILEM Conference on Early-age and Long-term Cracking in RC Structures (CRC 2021), held in Paris, France on April 9, 2021. It covers early-age and long-term imposed deformations in concrete, analytical formulations for calculating crack widths in concrete, numerical simulations of early-age and long-term restrained behaviour of concrete elements, experimental investigations on cracking, on-site monitoring of imposed deformations and cracking, crack control and repair, and sustainability of design and remediation. The conference demonstrated that a comprehensive approach to this problem requires the design of robust experimental techniques, the development of multiscale models and the evaluation of code-based and other analytical approaches relevant to crack control in concrete. The contributions, which were selected through a rigorous international peer-review process, share exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations.
Author : Yunping Xi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (528 download)
Download or read book Assessment of the Cracking Problem in Newly Constructed Bridge Decks in Colorado written by Yunping Xi and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early age cracking on concrete bridge decks has been experienced by many state departments of transportation (DOTs). In Colorado the cracking problem on newly constructed bridge decks has not been completely solved. In this study, the extent and causes of the cracking problem were investigated, and necessary changes to alleviate the cracking problem were identified. To achieve these goals, current Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) practice was reviewed and compared with other DOTs practices for construction of bridge decks. A database analysis of field inspection results was performed.
Author : Dejian Shen
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819714958
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)
Download or read book Early-age Cracking Control on Modern Concrete written by Dejian Shen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Samuel Spann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Concrete Deck Curing Regimens Using Capillary Pressure Sensing System written by Samuel Spann and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early-age plastic shrinkage cracking is a common problem with the construction of concrete bridge decks due to the high surface area-to-volume ratio and exposure to potentially detrimental environmental effects. Curing regimens are utilized to mitigate cracking risk during the plastic stage of the concrete; the curing regimens evaluated for this study were wet burlap-polyethylene sheeting, two acrylic curing compounds, and one lithium compound. Capillary pressure in the water filled pores has been shown to correlate to the plastic shrinkage cracking risk of concrete. A new portable system has been developed to measure the capillary pressure that could potentially be used in the field on fresh bridge deck concrete. Individual test slabs were performed to test the curing regimens using the capillary pressure sensor system (CPSS). The system contains multiple sensors that contain pressure transducers that measure the capillary pressure changes during the plastic stage. Overall, wet burlap-polyethylene sheeting was shown to be the most effective curing regimen, with the lithium curing compound performing similarly to the control slab with no curing regimen applied. Both acrylic compounds were shown to perform comparatively well, completely mitigating early-age plastic shrinkage cracking in some instances, and allowing small shrinkage cracks to form in others. While the CPSS exhibited the ability to show when cracking occurred in most cases, the magnitude of the capillary pressure at which plastic shrinkage cracks formed varied significantly across tests.
Author : M. Ala Saadeghvaziri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Cause and Control of Transverse Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks written by M. Ala Saadeghvaziri and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many concrete bridge decks develop transverse cracking and most of these cracks develop at early ages, some right after construction and some after the bridge has been opened to traffic for a period of time. Structural design factors have not been the subject of much research in the past and they were the main thrust of this research study. Using 2-D and 3-D linear and nonlinear finite element models many design factors such as girder stiffness, deck thickness, girder spacing, relative stiffness of deck to girder, amount of reinforcements, etc., were studied. The research study also included a comprehensive review of the existing literature as well as survey of 24 bridges in the state of New Jersey. Results of each research task are presented and discussed in detail. Furthermore, based on analytical results and literature review, the effect of various factors are quantified and specific recommendations for possible consideration in design are made.
