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Evaluating The Coherence And Time Domain Profile Of Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Combs
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Book Synopsis Evaluating the Coherence and Time-domain Profile of Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Combs by :
Download or read book Evaluating the Coherence and Time-domain Profile of Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Combs written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, much attention has been focused on the generation of optical frequency combs from quantum cascade lasers. We discuss how fast detectors can be used to demonstrate the mutual coherence of such combs, and present an inequality that can be used to quantitatively evaluate their performance. We discuss several technical issues related to shifted wave interference Fourier Transform spectroscopy (SWIFTS), and show how such measurements can be used to elucidate the time-domain properties of such combs, showing that they can possess signatures of both frequency-modulation and amplitude-modulation.
Book Synopsis Mid-Infrared and Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers by : Dan Botez
Download or read book Mid-Infrared and Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers written by Dan Botez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-14 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how the rapidly expanding area of mid-infrared and terahertz photonics has been revolutionized in this comprehensive overview. State-of-the-art practical applications are supported by real-life examples and expert guidance. Also featuring fundamental theory enabling you to improve performance of both existing and future devices.
Book Synopsis Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Combs by : Theodore Peter Letsou
Download or read book Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Combs written by Theodore Peter Letsou and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis outlines the development, characterization and theory of QCL frequency combs operating in the atmospheric transmission window (8 [mu]m - 12 [mu]m)--a spectral region where many chemical species have their fundamental vibrational and absorption bands. By borrowing techniques commonly used in ultra-fast optics, the dispersion of QCLs--which is the primary catalyst for comb formation--can be tuned without the use of mechanically-moving parts. In addition, this thesis utilizes optical coherence techniques to reconstruct the electric field profile of QCL combs, which provides valuable insight on the physics of their formation.
Book Synopsis Frontiers in Optics and Photonics by : Federico Capasso
Download or read book Frontiers in Optics and Photonics written by Federico Capasso and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 1866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a cutting-edge research overview on the latest developments in the field of Optics and Photonics. All chapters are authored by the pioneers in their field and will cover the developments in Quantum Photonics, Optical properties of 2D Materials, Optical Sensors, Organic Opto-electronics, Nanophotonics, Metamaterials, Plasmonics, Quantum Cascade lasers, LEDs, Biophotonics and biomedical photonics and spectroscopy.
Book Synopsis Laser Spectroscopy 1 by : Wolfgang Demtröder
Download or read book Laser Spectroscopy 1 written by Wolfgang Demtröder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-07 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keeping abreast of the latest techniques and applications, this new edition of the standard reference and graduate text on laser spectroscopy has been completely revised and expanded. While the general concept is unchanged, the new edition features a broad array of new material, e.g., ultrafast lasers (atto- and femtosecond lasers) and parametric oscillators, coherent matter waves, Doppler-free Fourier spectroscopy with optical frequency combs, interference spectroscopy, quantum optics, the interferometric detection of gravitational waves and still more applications in chemical analysis, medical diagnostics, and engineering.
Book Synopsis Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb: Principle, Operation and Applications by : Jun Ye
Download or read book Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb: Principle, Operation and Applications written by Jun Ye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-15 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few years, there has been a convergence between the fields of ultrafast science, nonlinear optics, optical frequency metrology, and precision laser spectroscopy. These fields have been developing largely independently since the birth of the laser, reaching remarkable levels of performance. On the ultrafast frontier, pulses of only a few cycles long have been produced, while in optical spectroscopy, the precision and resolution have reached one part in Although these two achievements appear to be completely disconnected, advances in nonlinear optics provided the essential link between them. The resulting convergence has enabled unprecedented advances in the control of the electric field of the pulses produced by femtosecond mode-locked lasers. The corresponding spectrum consists of a comb of sharp spectral lines with well-defined frequencies. These new techniques and capabilities are generally known as “femtosecond comb technology. ” They have had dramatic impact on the diverse fields of precision measurement and extreme nonlinear optical physics. The historical background for these developments is provided in the Foreword by two of the pioneers of laser spectroscopy, John Hall and Theodor Hänsch. Indeed the developments described in this book were foreshadowed by Hänsch’s early work in the 1970s when he used picosecond pulses to demonstrate the connection between the time and frequency domains in laser spectroscopy. This work complemented the advances in precision laser stabilization developed by Hall.
Book Synopsis Terahertz Laser Frequency Combs by : Yang Yang (Ph. D.)
Download or read book Terahertz Laser Frequency Combs written by Yang Yang (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, there has been growing interest in chip-scale frequency combs, such as micro-resonator combs and semiconductor mode-locked sources. From the mid-infrared to the terahertz regime, it has been shown that quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are capable of forming a frequency comb state where dispersed cavity modes of the Fabry-Perot cavity are synchronized by third order nonlinearity. With proper dispersion engineering, we have shown that it is possible to create QCL frequency combs at terahertz wavelengths, which possess broadband coverage in a compact package. These QCL combs are particularly attractive as sources for high-sensitivity laser spectroscopy: by using a dual-comb technique, it is possible to perform broadband spectroscopy only using chip-scale components, making it an intriguing candidate for spectroscopic applications in the open field. Moreover, due to the semi-continuous nature of the temporal output from such combs, tracking the instantaneous phase and timing signals of the dual-comb waveform in the time domain becomes feasible. This enables a computational coherent averaging scheme of the dual-comb signal even without external reference. The first part of this thesis describes the development for better THz laser frequency combs. To realize all expectations in the spectroscopy applications using such devices, three main aspects of improvement are highly desired. First, the laser device should have a robust comb state that ideally can operate from device's threshold current, I[subscript th], to its maximum current, I[subscript m]. In addition, the comb states should have a broad spectral coverage: its bandwidth should cover at least an octave span to stabilize its carrier offset. Furthermore, the comb state should have a flexible tunability that allows tuning across the entire free spectral range for gapless sensing. All listed aspects are investigated during the course of this thesis and as a result, a THz QCL device featuring comb state performance over the entire lasing bias range has been demonstrated. Meanwhile, we show that, by compensating cavity dispersion up to higher orders, the comb bandwidth from the full dispersion compensated devices can reach 80 % of its gain bandwidth. One common method to achieve very broadband coverage relies on using the heterogeneous gain media. This comes at the cost of reduced peak gain and hampered temperature performance. Also, engineering the dispersion of such a broadband gain medium becomes extremely challenging, which might not lead to a broader comb coverage albeit its broader gain. However, a unique feature of the metal-metal waveguide is that it is completely agnostic about its bonded gain media. Therefore, it is possible to bond multiple gain media together onto the same chip. The lateral heterogeneous integration scheme is investigated as an alternative method to expand the comb's spectral coverage. We show that using this strategy we can couple the output of combs at vastly different wavelengths without the trade-off with its temperature performance, yet maintain a compact package. Dual-comb spectroscopy allows for high-resolution spectra to be measured over broad bandwidth, but in order to achieve high resolution and acquire low-uncertainty spectroscopic information, the capability for coherent averaging is of the most importance. An essential requirement for coherent averaging is the availability of a phase reference. Usually, this means that the combs' phase and timing errors must be measured and either minimized by stabilization or removed by correction. These hardware-based solutions often require extra electronic or optical components, thus complicates the overall system and further limits the technique's applicability. We demonstrate that it is possible to extract the phase and timing signals of a multiheterodyne spectrum in a completely computational fashion without any extra measurements, which can potentially simplify any dual-comb system. Other works in this thesis include the first proof-of-principle demonstration of THz dual-comb spectroscopy using laser frequency combs, THz hyper-spectral imaging for pharmaceutical compound identification, and the exploratory work on the development of the germanium-on-gallium arsenide platform, a passive on-chip platform showing potential to bridge the THz and mid-infrared regime.
Book Synopsis Frequency Standards by : Fritz Riehle
Download or read book Frequency Standards written by Fritz Riehle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all measurement units, frequency is the one that may be determined with the highest degree of accuracy. It equally allows precise measurements of other physical and technical quantities, whenever they can be measured in terms of frequency. This volume covers the central methods and techniques relevant for frequency standards developed in physics, electronics, quantum electronics, and statistics. After a review of the basic principles, the book looks at the realisation of commonly used components. It then continues with the description and characterisation of important frequency standards from atomic clocks, to frequency stabilised lasers. The whole is rounded of with a discussion of topical applications in engineering, telecommunications, and metrology.
Book Synopsis Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena by : Jean-Claude Diels
Download or read book Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena written by Jean-Claude Diels and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena, Second Edition serves as an introduction to the phenomena of ultra short laser pulses and describes how this technology can be used to examine problems in areas such as electromagnetism, optics, and quantum mechanics. Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena combines theoretical backgrounds and experimental techniques and will serve as a manual on designing and constructing femtosecond ("faster than electronics") systems or experiments from scratch. Beyond the simple optical system, the various sources of ultrashort pulses are presented, again with emphasis on the basic concepts and how they apply to the design of particular sources (dye lasers, solid state lasers, semiconductor lasers, fiber lasers, and sources based on frequency conversion). Provides an easy to follow guide through "faster than electronics" probing and detection methods THE manual on designing and constructing femtosecond systems and experiments Discusses essential technology for applications in micro-machining, femtochemistry, and medical imaging
Book Synopsis Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Combs for Spectroscopy Applications by : Gustavo Filipe Ferreira Villares
Download or read book Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Combs for Spectroscopy Applications written by Gustavo Filipe Ferreira Villares and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exploring the World with the Laser by : Dieter Meschede
Download or read book Exploring the World with the Laser written by Dieter Meschede and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition contains carefully selected contributions by leading scientists in high-resolution laser spectroscopy, quantum optics and laser physics. Emphasis is given to ultrafast laser phenomena, implementations of frequency combs, precision spectroscopy and high resolution metrology. Furthermore, applications of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics are widely covered. This book is dedicated to Nobel prize winner Theodor W. Hänsch on the occasion of his 75th birthday. The contributions are reprinted from a topical collection published in Applied Physics B, 2016. Selected contributions are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com. Please see the copyright page for further details.
Book Synopsis Long-wave Infrared Frequency Combs Based on Quantum Cascade Lasers by : Tianyi Zeng
Download or read book Long-wave Infrared Frequency Combs Based on Quantum Cascade Lasers written by Tianyi Zeng and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the invention of quantum cascade laser (QCL), the performance and the flexibility in design has made it a desirable source for a wide range of applications, such as trace-chemical sensing, health monitoring, frequency metrology, noninvasive imgaing and infrared countermeasures. The LWIR region (or mid-infrared region), roughly ranging from 2-20 [mu]m, is of particular importance to spectroscopy applications, since many molecular species have their strongest rotational-vibrational absorption bands in that area. Infrared laser spectroscopy began about 40 years ago and has been using a variety of different tunable laser-based sources, particularly lead salt diodes, color center lasers, difference frequency generation and optical parametric oscillators. The large tunabilitiy in the design (lasing frequency, tunability, power, material system, etc.) and the compactness in fabrication and packaging has made QCL an ideal source for laser-based spectroscopy. Traditional spectroscopy systems suffer from problems like large physical dimensions, long data-processing times and spectral resolution restrictions. Therefore the development of a simple, robust, compact and inexpensive optical source/system like QCL frequency combs can largely benefit spectroscopy systems. In the past few years, QCLs have proven to be able to form comb radiation in both LWIR and THz regions. And dual comb spectroscopy has been demonstrated using QCL frequency combs with very short acquisition time ([mu]s). The development of a broadband, high power, narrow linewidth and stable LWIR frequency comb based on quantum cascade laser is the key to realizing such broadband ultrafast spectrometer in the mid-infrared range. This thesis explores the design, fabrication and characterization techniques towards the development of LWIR QCL frequency comb devices for spectroscopic purposes. A complete wet etch epi-up fabrication process is reported, with preliminary results on the dry-etch technique to incorporate dispersion compensation strucutre and epi-down fabricaiton for high power CW mode QCL device. Formation of comb(-like) regime has been observed in two devices, with the Gires-Tournois Interferometer (GTI) mirror providing dispersion from the rear facet. In order to improve the comb performance of these devices, dispersion of the device is measured to provide essential information for the design of chirped top cladding for dispersion compensation. This thesis provides an important step towards the realization of a room temperature, broadband, CW mode LWIR QCL frequency comb device for spectroscopic purposes.
Book Synopsis Laser Physics at the Limits by : Hartmut Figger
Download or read book Laser Physics at the Limits written by Hartmut Figger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published on the occasion of Theodor Hänsch's 60th Birthday emphasis is placed on precision related to results in a variety of fields, such as atomic clocks, frequency standards, and the measurement of physical constants in atomic physics. Furthermore, illustrations and engineering applications of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics are widely covered. It has contributions by Nobel prize winners Norman F. Ramsey, Steven Chu, and Carl E. Wieman.
Book Synopsis Mid-infrared Optoelectronics by : Eric Tournié
Download or read book Mid-infrared Optoelectronics written by Eric Tournié and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-19 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mid-infrared Optoelectronics: Materials, Devices, and Applications addresses the new materials, devices and applications that have emerged over the last decade, along with exciting areas of research. Sections cover fundamentals, light sources, photodetectors, new approaches, and the application of mid-IR devices, with sections discussing LEDs, laser diodes, and quantum cascade lasers, mid-infrared optoelectronics, emerging research areas, dilute bismide and nitride alloys, Group-IV materials, gallium nitride heterostructures, and new nonlinear materials. Finally, the most relevant applications of mid-infrared devices are reviewed in industry, gas sensing, spectroscopy, and imaging. This book presents a key reference for materials scientists, engineers and professionals working in R&D in the area of semiconductors and optoelectronics. Provides a comprehensive overview of mid-infrared photodetectors and light sources and the latest materials and devices Reviews emerging areas of research in the field of mid-infrared optoelectronics, including new materials, such as wide bandgap materials, chalcogenides and new approaches, like heterogeneous integration Includes information on the most relevant applications in industry, like gas sensing, spectroscopy and imaging
Book Synopsis Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing by : Gianluca Gagliardi
Download or read book Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing written by Gianluca Gagliardi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book reviews the dramatic recent advances in the use of optical resonators for high sensitivity and high resolution molecular spectroscopy as well as for chemical, mechanical and physical sensing. It encompasses a variety of cavities including those made of two or more mirrors, optical fiber loops, fiber gratings and spherical cavities. The book focuses on novel techniques and their applications. Each chapter is written by an expert and/or pioneer in the field. These experts also provide the theoretical background in optics and molecular physics where needed. Examples of recent breakthroughs include the use of frequency combs (Nobel prize 2005) for cavity enhanced sensing and spectroscopy, the use of novel cavity materials and geometries, the development of optical heterodyne detection techniques combined to active frequency-locking schemes. These methods allow the use and interrogation of optical resonators with a variety of coherent light sources for trace gas detection and sensing of strain, temperature and pressure.
Book Synopsis Nitride Semiconductors: Volume 482 by : Materials Research Society. Meeting
Download or read book Nitride Semiconductors: Volume 482 written by Materials Research Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1998-04-20 with total page 1274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is on recent experimental and theoretical progress in the rapidly growing field of III-V nitrides. Issues related to crystal growth (bulk and thin films), structure and microstructure, formation of defects, doping, alloying, formation of heterostructures, determination of physical properties and device fabrication and evaluation are addressed. Papers show much progress in the growth and understanding of III-V nitrides and in the production of optoelectronic devices based on these materials. Most exciting is the fact that light-emitting diodes and laser diodes have now reached amazing levels of performance which forecasts a revolution in lighting, optical storage, printing, and display technologies. Topics include: crystal growth- bulk growth, early stages of epitaxy; crystal growth- MOCVD; growth techniques - MBE and HVPE; novel substrates and growth techniques; structural properties; electronic properties; luminescence and recombination; characterization, elemental and stress analysis; physical modelling; device processing, implantation, annealing; device characterization, contacts, degradation; and injection laser diodes and applications.
Book Synopsis Toward High Performance Broad-band Frequency Comb Operation of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers by : Chao Xu
Download or read book Toward High Performance Broad-band Frequency Comb Operation of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers written by Chao Xu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser (THz QCL) development are pushing this technology ever closer to practical application, particularly within the spectroscopic field. For this reason, optimizing the operation of THz QCL frequency combs, which can potentially provide unprecedented accuracy and stability to the optical spectra in a broad frequency band, is of particular interest to the research community. The THz QCLs frequency comb was only recently realized using two separate techniques: either a broad-gain active region or a group velocity dispersion controlled waveguide. However, due to residual optical dispersion from both the gain medium and the cold waveguide, comb formation in these reported THz QCLs can only sustain a limited current injection region and the observed comb frequency range is much narrower than the bandwidth of the designed gain medium. To overcome these limitations, this thesis targets a new THz QCL frequency comb device design that simultaneously exploits the broadband gain active region and a group velocity dispersion (GVD)-compensated waveguide over an octave frequency band of 2-4 THz. In designing a broadband gain active region, two heterogeneous structures are proposed and simulated, with one combining three different bound-to-continuum (BTC) active regions operating at a temperature of 25 K, and another one consisting of four different resonant-phonon (RP) active regions operating at the liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) or higher. The simulation results show that both active region designs can provide a broadband and 'flat-top' gain profile covering the frequency range from 2 to 4 THz. To design a group velocity dispersion-compensated waveguide, strategies are explored for simulating chirped Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) that can serve as THz QCL metal-metal waveguides, and one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) modeling approaches are established and verified. A novel two-section chirped DBR is proposed, which provides substantially-improved group delay compensation over a broadband octave frequency range from 2 to 4 THz. Two THz QCL structures are grown using in-house molecular beam epitaxy and THz QCL devices equipped with a metal-metal waveguides are fabricated in the University of Waterloo Quantum-Nano-Centre clean-room fabrication lab. The experimental results demonstrate that the new THz QCL active region design can operate up to a maximum lasing temperature of 111 K, and with a broad lasing spectrum covering frequencies from 2.36 to 2.86 THz under pulse mode, at temperature of 13 K. The combined theoretical and experimental work would ultimately lead to the demonstration of improved THz QCL frequency comb operation over the broadband range from 2 to 4 THz.
