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Evaluating Science And Policy
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Book Synopsis The Science of Evaluation by : Ray Pawson
Download or read book The Science of Evaluation written by Ray Pawson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation researchers are tasked with providing the evidence to guide programme building and to assess its outcomes. As such, they labour under the highest expectations - bringing independence and objectivity to policy making. They face huge challenges, given the complexity of modern interventions and the politicised backdrop to all of their investigations. They have responded with a huge portfolio of research techniques and, through their professional associations, have set up schemes to establish standards for evaluative inquiry and to accredit evaluation practitioners. A big question remains. Has this monumental effort produced a progressive, cumulative and authoritative body of knowledge that we might think of as evaluation science? This is the question addressed by Ray Pawson in this sequel to Realistic Evaluation and Evidence-based Policy. In answer, he provides a detailed blueprint for an evaluation science based on realist principles.
Author :Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309517982 Total Pages :95 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Evaluating Federal Research Programs by : Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
Download or read book Evaluating Federal Research Programs written by Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-24 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), passed by Congress in 1993, requires that federal agencies write five-year strategic plans with annual performance goals and produce an annual report that demonstrates whether the goals have been met. The first performance reports are due in March 2000. Measuring the performance of basic research is particularly challenging because major breakthroughs can be unpredictable and difficult to assess in the short term. This book recommends that federal agencies use an "expert review" method to examine the quality of research they support, the relevance of that research to their mission, and whether the research is at the international forefront of scientific and technological knowledge. It also addresses the issues of matching evaluation measurements to the character of the research performed, improving coordination among agencies when research is in the same field, and including a human resource development component in GPRA strategic and performance plans.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309476372 Total Pages :79 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Learning from the Science of Cognition and Perception for Decision Making by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Learning from the Science of Cognition and Perception for Decision Making written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning in October 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a set of workshops designed to gather information for the Decadal Survey of Social and Behavioral Sciences for Applications to National Security. The fourth workshop focused on the science of cognition and perception, and this publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop.
Book Synopsis Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by : National Research Council
Download or read book Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-09-25 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the three decades since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created, the agency's scientific and technical practices and credibility have been independently assessed many times in reports from the National Research Council (NRC), EPA Science Advisory Board, General Accounting Office, and many other organizations; in congressional oversight and judicial proceedings; and in countless criticisms and lawsuits from stakeholders with interests in particular EPA regulatory decisions. As a previous independent panel put it in the 1992 report Safeguarding the Future: Credible Science, Credible Decisions, EPA's policy and regulatory work receives a great deal of public attention, but the agency's scientific performance typically receives a similar degree of attention only when the scientific basis for a decision is questioned. Thus, strong scientific performance is important not only to enable EPA to make informed and effective decisions, but also to gain credibility and public support for the environmental protection efforts of EPA and the nation. This report is the fourth and final one in a series prepared by two independent expert committees convened by the NRC in response to a request from Congress and to subsequent, related requests from EPA. The Committee on Research Opportunities and Priorities for EPA - the companion committee in this study - was charged to provide an overview of significant emerging environmental issues, identify and prioritize research themes most relevant to understanding and resolving those issues, and consider the role of EPA's research program in the context of research being conducted or supported by other organizations. That committee published an interim report in 1996 and a final report, Building a Foundation for Sound Environmental Decisions, in 1997. The Committee on Research and Peer Review in EPA was charged to evaluate research management and scientific peer-review practices in the agency. The committee published an interim report in 1995 and this final report.
Book Synopsis A Summary of General Assessment Factors for Evaluating the Quality of Scientific and Technical Information by : United States. Science Policy Council. Assessment Factors Workgroup
Download or read book A Summary of General Assessment Factors for Evaluating the Quality of Scientific and Technical Information written by United States. Science Policy Council. Assessment Factors Workgroup and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Learning from Science and Technology Policy Evaluation by : Philip Shapira
Download or read book Learning from Science and Technology Policy Evaluation written by Philip Shapira and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors analyse and contrast the need and demand for RIT performance measurement and evaluation within the US and European innovation and policy making systems. They assess current US and European RIT evaluation practices and methods in key areas, discuss applications of new evaluative approaches and consider strategies that could lead to improvements in RIT evaluation design and policies.
Book Synopsis Evaluating and Valuing in Social Research by : Thomas A. Schwandt
Download or read book Evaluating and Valuing in Social Research written by Thomas A. Schwandt and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2021-09-17 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much applied research takes place as if complex social problems--and evaluations of interventions to address them--can be dealt with in a purely technical way. In contrast, this groundbreaking book offers an alternative approach that incorporates sustained, systematic reflection about researchers' values, what values research promotes, how decisions about what to value are made and by whom, and how judging the value of social interventions takes place. The authors offer practical and conceptual guidance to help researchers engage meaningfully with value conflicts and refine their capacity to engage in deliberative argumentation. Pedagogical features include a detailed evaluation case, "Bridge to Practice" exercises and annotated resources in most chapters, and an end-of-book glossary.
Book Synopsis A Tapestry of Values by : Kevin C. Elliott
Download or read book A Tapestry of Values written by Kevin C. Elliott and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of values in scientific research has become an important topic of discussion in both scholarly and popular debates. Pundits across the political spectrum worry that research on topics like climate change, evolutionary theory, vaccine safety, and genetically modified foods has become overly politicized. At the same time, it is clear that values play an important role in science by limiting unethical forms of research and by deciding what areas of research have the greatest relevance for society. Deciding how to distinguish legitimate and illegitimate influences of values in scientific research is a matter of vital importance. Recently, philosophers of science have written a great deal on this topic, but most of their work has been directed toward a scholarly audience. This book makes the contemporary philosophical literature on science and values accessible to a wide readership. It examines case studies from a variety of research areas, including climate science, anthropology, chemical risk assessment, ecology, neurobiology, biomedical research, and agriculture. These cases show that values have necessary roles to play in identifying research topics, choosing research questions, determining the aims of inquiry, responding to uncertainty, and deciding how to communicate information. Kevin Elliott focuses not just on describing roles for values but also on determining when their influences are actually appropriate. He emphasizes several conditions for incorporating values in a legitimate fashion, and highlights multiple strategies for fostering engagement between stakeholders so that value influences can be subjected to careful and critical scrutiny.
Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Research by Scientometric Indicators by : Peter Vinkler
Download or read book The Evaluation of Research by Scientometric Indicators written by Peter Vinkler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-01-20 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed at academics, academic managers and administrators, professionals in scientometrics, information scientists and science policy makers at all levels. This book reviews the principles, methods and indicators of scientometric evaluation of information processes in science and assessment of the publication activity of individuals, teams, institutes and countries. It provides scientists, science officers, librarians and students with basic and advanced knowledge on evaluative scientometrics. Especially great stress is laid on the methods applicable in practice and on the clarification of quantitative aspects of impact of scientific publications measured by citation indicators. Written by a highly knowledgeable and well-respected scientist in the field Provides practical and realistic quantitative methods for evaluating scientific publication activities of individuals, teams, countries and journals Gives standardized descriptions and classification of the main categories of evaluative scientometrics
Download or read book Citizen Science written by Susanne Hecker and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citizen science, the active participation of the public in scientific research projects, is a rapidly expanding field in open science and open innovation. It provides an integrated model of public knowledge production and engagement with science. As a growing worldwide phenomenon, it is invigorated by evolving new technologies that connect people easily and effectively with the scientific community. Catalysed by citizens’ wishes to be actively involved in scientific processes, as a result of recent societal trends, it also offers contributions to the rise in tertiary education. In addition, citizen science provides a valuable tool for citizens to play a more active role in sustainable development. This book identifies and explains the role of citizen science within innovation in science and society, and as a vibrant and productive science-policy interface. The scope of this volume is global, geared towards identifying solutions and lessons to be applied across science, practice and policy. The chapters consider the role of citizen science in the context of the wider agenda of open science and open innovation, and discuss progress towards responsible research and innovation, two of the most critical aspects of science today.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Evaluation by : Taylor, David
Download or read book The Politics of Evaluation written by Taylor, David and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2005-01-19 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation has become a central tool in the development of contemporary social policy. Its widespread popularity is based on the need to provide evidence of the effectiveness of policies and programmes. This book sees evaluation as an inherently political activity, as much about forms of governance as scientific practice. Using a wide range of examples from neighbourhood renewal, health and social care and other aspects of social policy, it relates practical issues in evaluation design to their political contexts. With contributions from leading academics and evaluation practitioners, the book considers key issues in the politics of evaluation including: governance and evaluation; participatory evaluation; partnerships and evaluation; and learning from evaluation. The politics of evaluation is important reading for academics, social researchers, policy makers, service providers and professionals across the public services as well as professional evaluators. It will be a valuable resource for students on a range of social science and professional courses and those concerned with recent developments in social research methodology.
Book Synopsis Peerless Science by : Daryl E. Chubin
Download or read book Peerless Science written by Daryl E. Chubin and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the structure and operation of peer review as a family of quality control mechanisms and looks at the burdens placed on the various forms of peer review. Assuming that peer review is central to the functioning of U.S. science policy, Chubin and Hackett explore the symbolic and practical value of peer review in the making, implementing, and analysis of this policy.
Book Synopsis Science Evaluation and Its Management by : Václav Pačes
Download or read book Science Evaluation and Its Management written by Václav Pačes and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation of scientific research, particularly of research which is supported by government funds, is a matter of growing concern in virtually every nation. It is no longer adequate to expect that the value of investments in research will be judged in long-term historical perspective. Resources are scarce and policy-makers are looking for ways to assure that these resources are used in the most effective way. From the life-or-death evaluations of academic research institutes in the post-communist countries to the Government Performance and Results Act(GPRA) in the United States, research evaluation has become a topic of utmost importance in science policy. Evaluation often has substantial consequences for researchers and research institutions, including restructuring, shifting of priorities, budget reductions, or evenclosures. Therefore it is essential that evaluation is done systematically and objectively, with methodologies that can be understood and trusted by those concerned. This book is based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop, co-organized by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. It describes a range of the most up-to-date methods of science evaluation and the experience with their implementation in many countries. This book can be of interest to researchers, policy-makers, practitioners of science evaluation and many others interested in science policy.
Book Synopsis Evaluating Public Policy by : Frank Fischer
Download or read book Evaluating Public Policy written by Frank Fischer and published by Wadsworth Publishing Company. This book was released on 1995 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of dollars are spent each year on the evaluation of domestic and foreign policies. Policy analysis has emerged as an important component of the policy-making process in American government. This text differs from others--not only does it teach students how to evaluate the empirical aspects of a public policy--but also provides an analytical framework for assessing the value judgements that infuse policy decisions. Students learn to assess whether a program reflects the kinds of things that society ought to be doing.
Download or read book Mind the Gap written by Jos Vaessen and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 2011-12-31 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past twenty to thirty years, evaluation has become increasingly important to the field of public policy. The number of people involved and specializing in evaluation has also increased markedly. Evidence of this trend can be found in the International Atlas of Evaluation, the establishment of new journals and evaluation societies, and the increase in systems of evaluation. Increasingly, the main reference point has become an assessment of the merit and value of interventions as such rather than the evaluator's disciplinary background. This growing importance of evaluation as an activity has also led to an increasing demand for the type of competencies evaluators should have. Evaluation began as a niche area within the social and behavioral sciences. It subsequently became linked to policy research and analysis, and has, more recently, become trans-disciplinary. This volume demonstrates an association between the evaluation tradition in a particular country or policy field and the nature of the relationship between social and behavioral science research and evaluative practice. This book seeks to offer comprehensive data, which lead to conclusions about patterns that transcend the gap between evaluation and the social scientific disciplines. Mind the Gap has a twofold aim. The first is to highlight and characterize the gap between evaluation practices and debates, and the substantive knowledge debates within the social and behavioral sciences. The second is to show why this gap is problematic for the practice of evaluation, while at the same time illustrating possible ways to build bridges. The book is centered on the value of producing useful evaluations grounded in social science theory and research.
Book Synopsis Impact Evaluation in Practice, Second Edition by : Paul J. Gertler
Download or read book Impact Evaluation in Practice, Second Edition written by Paul J. Gertler and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of the Impact Evaluation in Practice handbook is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to impact evaluation for policy makers and development practitioners. First published in 2011, it has been used widely across the development and academic communities. The book incorporates real-world examples to present practical guidelines for designing and implementing impact evaluations. Readers will gain an understanding of impact evaluations and the best ways to use them to design evidence-based policies and programs. The updated version covers the newest techniques for evaluating programs and includes state-of-the-art implementation advice, as well as an expanded set of examples and case studies that draw on recent development challenges. It also includes new material on research ethics and partnerships to conduct impact evaluation. The handbook is divided into four sections: Part One discusses what to evaluate and why; Part Two presents the main impact evaluation methods; Part Three addresses how to manage impact evaluations; Part Four reviews impact evaluation sampling and data collection. Case studies illustrate different applications of impact evaluations. The book links to complementary instructional material available online, including an applied case as well as questions and answers. The updated second edition will be a valuable resource for the international development community, universities, and policy makers looking to build better evidence around what works in development.
Book Synopsis Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science by : National Research Council
Download or read book Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the scale and complexity of scientific research. The growing scale of science has been accompanied by a shift toward collaborative research, referred to as "team science." Scientific research is increasingly conducted by small teams and larger groups rather than individual investigators, but the challenges of collaboration can slow these teams' progress in achieving their scientific goals. How does a team-based approach work, and how can universities and research institutions support teams? Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science synthesizes and integrates the available research to provide guidance on assembling the science team; leadership, education and professional development for science teams and groups. It also examines institutional and organizational structures and policies to support science teams and identifies areas where further research is needed to help science teams and groups achieve their scientific and translational goals. This report offers major public policy recommendations for science research agencies and policymakers, as well as recommendations for individual scientists, disciplinary associations, and research universities. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science will be of interest to university research administrators, team science leaders, science faculty, and graduate and postdoctoral students.
