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Evaluating Real Options As A Means For Investment Appraisal Under Uncertainty And Its Degree Of Utilisation By Companies
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Book Synopsis Evaluating real options as a means for investment appraisal under uncertainty and its degree of utilisation by companies by : Andreas Würfel
Download or read book Evaluating real options as a means for investment appraisal under uncertainty and its degree of utilisation by companies written by Andreas Würfel and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2003-10-13 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: This paper evaluates the real options approach (ROA) as a means for appraising capital investments under uncertainty. Globalisation and growing competitiveness have led to an increase in uncertainty with regard to companies decision making. Flexibility to react to this uncertainty has become more important. The question arises whether there is a need for a further investment appraisal technique or whether traditional techniques can cope with that. A growing literature about real options shows that traditional investment appraisal techniques do not value flexibility. That is why ROA has become more important within recent years. However, the degree of its utilisation by companies seems to be rather low. Three possible reasons for that are examined: ROA is not well-known by companies, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises. ROA is only limitedly applicable. ROA is too difficult to use. After traditional investment appraisal techniques have been outlined, the real options approach is illustrated by means of a case study. The possible range of application is assessed by reviewing the literature. A survey was conducted to check whether companies know about or apply that technique, and to identify the tools used by companies. This study shows that while the range of possible applications of real options is rather vast, ROA is rarely known by German and British companies and barely applied. One reason might be, that most books and articles are of rather academic nature. This seems to have been realised since books with a focus on practical application have been published recently. The complexity of ROA seems to be a further reason for its low degree of utilisation. Companies tend to use simpler but more comprehensible techniques although these methods have some major drawbacks. However, business science should not end in itself but serve businesses. Therefore, further emphasis has to be put on making real options approachable for practitioners. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: I.Abstract2 II.Acknowledgements3 III.Table of Contents4 IV.List of Figures7 V.List of Abbreviations8 1.Introduction9 2.Characteristics of Investment Decisions11 2.1What Is a Capital Investment?11 2.2Risk and Uncertainty12 3.Tools for Investment Appraisals15 3.1Static Methods15 3.2Discounted Cash Flow Approaches (Dynamic)17 3.3Approaches Which Try to Deal With Risk20 4.The Real Options Approach24 4.1Why Use Real Options to [...]
Book Synopsis A Stochastic Control Framework for Real Options in Strategic Evaluation by : Alexander Vollert
Download or read book A Stochastic Control Framework for Real Options in Strategic Evaluation written by Alexander Vollert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theoretical foundation for real options goes back to the mid 1980s and the development of a model that forms the basis for many current applications of real option theory. Over the last decade the theory has rapidly expanded and become enriched thanks to increasing research activity. Modern real option theory may be used for the valuation of entire companies as well as for particular investment projects in the presence of uncertainty. As such, the theory of real options can serve as a tool for more practically oriented decision making, providing management with strategies maximizing its capital market value. This book is devoted to examining a new framework for classifying real options from a management and a valuation perspective, giving the advantages and disadvantages of the real option approach. Impulse control theory and the theory of optimal stopping combined with methods of mathematical finance are used to construct arbitrarily complex real option models which can be solved numerically and which yield optimal capital market strategies and values. Various examples are given to demonstrate the potential of this framework. This work will benefit the financial community, companies, as well as academics in mathematical finance by providing an important extension of real option research from both a theoretical and practical point of view.
Book Synopsis Real Options Analysis by : Johnathan Mun
Download or read book Real Options Analysis written by Johnathan Mun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-02 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mun demystifies real options analysis and delivers a powerful, pragmatic guide for decision-makers and practitioners alike. Finally, there is a book that equips professionals to easily recognize, value, and seize real options in the world around them." --Jim Schreckengast, Senior VP, R&D Strategy, Gemplus International SA, France Completely revised and updated to meet the challenges of today's dynamic business environment, Real Options Analysis, Second Edition offers you a fresh look at evaluating capital investment strategies by taking the strategic decision-making process into consideration. This comprehensive guide provides both a qualitative and quantitative description of real options; the methods used in solving real options; why and when they are used; and the applicability of these methods in decision making.
Book Synopsis Real Options and Corporate Strategy by : Christian Berner
Download or read book Real Options and Corporate Strategy written by Christian Berner and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2000-03-01 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Every investment, for example new facilities, new products, or strategic partnerships is driven by the pursuit of creating values . Major changes are going on in the valuation of investments. Although the classic shareholder value concept is still a valuable source for identification of value drivers of strategic management, it needs to be extended in terms of its ability to evaluate long-term investment choices. Far too long capital budgeting has only been considered under aspects of its contribution to an overall added economic value rather than focusing on a firm s resources. Recent research emphasized the strategic value of resources leading to formulate the approach of a resource-based view of a firm s activities. Usually management tries to capture future development with static methods of capital budgeting, i.e. future cash-flows are discounted with a fixed risk-adjusted discount rate. However, the finding of present values and capitalized values could produce pitfalls in investment decisions. Strategic investment decisions are often characterized by a wide range of possibilities to react flexibly to the changing business environment. This area of tolerance in investment decisions could not be captured with traditional instruments of investment evaluation. In the 1970s, the discounted-cash-flow analysis (DCF) emerged and proved its practicability. This method assumes a now or never approach in undertaking a project. Some authors suggest adding the theory of option prices to investment decisions, as in the 1970s and the 1980s developments in the valuation of capital-investment opportunities based on option pricing revolutionized capital budgeting. Option pricing allows adaptation and revision of future decisions in order to capture managerial flexibility and to finally capitalize on any possible future development. To incorporate these real options means to limit losses and offers a vital contribution to long-term corporate success, especially in those marketplaces characterized by uncertainty and rapid change. This method also explains the value of waiting for the initial project and considers its value in comparison to the opportunity costs of waiting. These costs are dictated by the behavior of competitors and loss of cash-flow streams from the project. Incorporating this method could possibly lead to a better understanding of the importance of resource allocation, the value of strategic investments and [...]
Book Synopsis Real Options and Investment Under Uncertainty by : Eduardo S. Schwartz
Download or read book Real Options and Investment Under Uncertainty written by Eduardo S. Schwartz and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of investment under uncertainty was stagnant for several decades until developments in real options revitalized the field. The topics covered in this book include the reasons behind the under-investment programme.
Book Synopsis A Generalized Real Options Methodology for Evaluating Investments Under Uncertainty with Application to Air Transportation by : Bruno Miller
Download or read book A Generalized Real Options Methodology for Evaluating Investments Under Uncertainty with Application to Air Transportation written by Bruno Miller and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) The analysis shows that investors can use the numerical results of the real options evaluation to determine the investment limits on the different stages of the aircraft program, that managers can use insights from the real options approach to restructure the program to improve the financial feasibility of the project, and that both investors and managers can use the output of derivative analyses to define minimum requirements (in terms of aircraft orders) to ensure program success.
Book Synopsis Real Options in Practice by : Marion A. Brach
Download or read book Real Options in Practice written by Marion A. Brach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-04-07 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores real option theory applied in practice Real options are quickly becoming the valuation and decision-making method of choice for many companies, including oil and gas companies, utilities and natural resource companies, pharmaceutical and biotech companies, Internet companies, and many others. Real Options in Practice allows readers to view the world of real options from the vantage point of a corporate practitioner applying real option valuation techniques on a regular basis. Expert Marion Brach describes the challenges of implementing a real option framework in practice within a corporate setting. Touching on the real options most firms care about, Real Options in Practice identifies the classic types of real options-deferral, abandonment, switching, expansion, and compound-and explores the main concepts critical to understanding real option theory. Through Brach's own three-step real option valuation method readers will learn how the theory of real options is now being applied to drive better, more profitable corporate decision-making. Marion A. Brach, MD, MBA (Hagen, Germany), has undertaken financial valuation of business opportunities and acquisitions using scenario and real option valuation in the biotech industry. A recognized expert on real option theory and practice, Brach received her MBA from the Manchester Business School and frequently speaks at real option seminars.
Book Synopsis The Real Options Solution by : F. Peter Boer
Download or read book The Real Options Solution written by F. Peter Boer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-11-08 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harness the power of real options Real options theory is based on the Nobel Prize--winning work on financial options, and has captured the interest of executives, managers, and investors who need to understand the future profitability of an asset. Originally developed to value technology initiatives and companies, the method is now being applied broadly across various businesses and industries. The Real Options Solution offers comprehensive coverage of the real options approach with a five-step framework and examples for applying the author's unique total value model based on real options analysis. This approach will help executives and investors minimize the risk of committing to new ventures and delivers a framework flexible enough to apply to business initiatives in all types of companies.
Book Synopsis Real Options Theory by : Jeffrey J. Reuer
Download or read book Real Options Theory written by Jeffrey J. Reuer and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2007-07-05 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the ways in which real options theory can contribute to strategic management. This volume offers conceptual pieces that trace out pathways for the theory to move forward and presents research on the implications of real options for strategic investment, organization, and firm performance.
Book Synopsis Real Options and Investment Incentives by : Gunther Friedl
Download or read book Real Options and Investment Incentives written by Gunther Friedl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-07 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work analyzes the problem of delegated decision-making within firms when investment projects are characterized by the possibility to make subsequent decisions after the initial investment decision has been made. By analyzing this question, the monograph combines and unifies two important lines of literature: on the one hand the literature on controlling investment decisions, on the other hand the investment valuation literature.
Book Synopsis Real Options Analysis by : Johnathan Mun
Download or read book Real Options Analysis written by Johnathan Mun and published by . This book was released on 2016-01-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real Options Analysis, Third Edition, provides a novel view of evaluating capital investment strategies by taking into consideration the strategic decision-making process. The book provides a qualitative and quantitative description of real options, the methods used in solving real options, why and when they are used, and the applicability of these methods in decision making. In addition, multiple business cases and real-life applications are discussed. These discussions present and frame the real options problems, as well as introduce a stepwise quantitative process developed by the author for solving these problems using the different methodologies inherent in real options. Included are technical presentations of models and approaches used as well as their theoretical and mathematical justifications. The book covers the qualitative discussions of real options; the quantitative analysis and mathematical concepts; and practical applications of real options. The first part of the book looks at the qualitative nature of real options, providing actual business cases and scenarios of real options in the industry, as well as high-level explanations of how real options provide the much-needed insights in decision making. The second part of the book looks at the step-by-step quantitative analysis, complete with worked-out examples and mathematical formulae. The third part illustrates the use of the Real Options Valuation's Super Lattice Solver software and Risk Simulator software both developed by the author. In this section, more detailed business cases are solved using the software.This book is targeted at both the uninitiated professional as well as those well-versed in real options applications. It is also applicable for use as a second-year M.B.A. level textbook or introductory Ph.D. reference book.
Download or read book Real Options written by Martha Amram and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investment Decision Tool by : Pankaj M. Madhani
Download or read book Investment Decision Tool written by Pankaj M. Madhani and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real options approach is a method of evaluating and managing strategic investments decisions in an uncertain business environment. Current era is characterized by increased uncertainty because of changed market conditions, globalization, increased competition, emerging technologies etc. The typical approaches to project investment evaluation are based on DCF based measures like NPV and IRR. However it demonstrates weaknesses in dealing with uncertainty, complexity, and flexibility. The techniques only use tangible factors and do not take into account intangible factors such as future competitive advantage, future opportunities, and managerial flexibility. Paper discusses application of real options in emerging technologies such as RFID.
Book Synopsis Real Options, Irreversible Investment and Firm Uncertainty by : Laarni T. Bulan
Download or read book Real Options, Irreversible Investment and Firm Uncertainty written by Laarni T. Bulan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates real options behavior in capital budgeting decisions using a firm-level panel data set of U.S. companies in the manufacturing sector. Specifically, this paper looks are the relationship between the firm's investment to capital ratio and total firm uncertainty, measured as the volatility of the firm's equity returns. Total firm uncertainty is decomposed into its market, industry and firm-specific components. Given that the irreversibility of capital is derived from asset-specificity at the industry level, increased industry uncertainty displays a pronounced negative effect on firm investment consistent with real options behavior. Increased firm-specific uncertainty is also found to depress firm investment - a result that can be attributed to real options behavior and not just managerial risk aversion. The results are robust to various specifications that control for the firm's investment opportunities that are captured by Tobin's q, cash flow, marginal profitability of capital and firm leverage.
Download or read book Real Options written by Lenos Trigeorgis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996-03-14 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive in scope, Real Options reviews current techniques of capital budgeting and details an approach (based on the pricing of options) that provides a means of quantifying the elusive elements of managerial flexibility in the face of unexpected changes in the market. In the 1970s and the 1980s, developments in the valuation of capital-investment opportunities based on options pricing revolutionized capital budgeting. Managerial flexibility to adapt and revise future decisions in order to capitalize on favorable future opportunities or to limit losses has proven vital to long-term corporate success in an uncertain and changing marketplace. In this book Lenos Trigeorgis, who has helped shape the field of real options, brings together a wealth of previously scattered knowledge and research on the new flexibility in corporate resource allocation and in the evaluation of investment alternatives brought about by the shift from static cash-flow approaches to the more dynamic paradigm of real options—an approach that incorporates decisions on whether to defer, expand, contract, abandon, switch use, or otherwise alter a capital investment. Comprehensive in scope, Real Options reviews current techniques of capital budgeting and details an approach (based on the pricing of options) that provides a means of quantifying the elusive elements of managerial flexibility in the face of unexpected changes in the market. Also discussed are the strategic value of new technology, project interdependence, and competitive interaction. The ability to value real options has so dramatically altered the way in which corporate resources are allocated that future textbooks on capital budgeting will bear little resemblance to those of even the recent past. Real Options is a pioneer in this area, coupling a coherent picture of how option theory is used with practical insights in into real-world applications.
Book Synopsis Real Options, Irreversible Investment and Firm Uncertainty by : Jianjun Wang
Download or read book Real Options, Irreversible Investment and Firm Uncertainty written by Jianjun Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates real options behavior in capital budgeting decisions using a firm-level panel data of companies listed in New Zealand Stock Exchange (NZX) from 2001 to 2012. In line with the real options literature, which emphasize the impact of irreversibility and valuable options on investment, this study finds that increases in total uncertainty of New Zealand firms negatively affect their incremental capital investment. Using simplified tax-adjusted capital asset pricing model developed by Cliffe and Marsden (1992), Lally (2000), Lally and Van Ziji (2003), Lally and Marsden (2004), total firm uncertainty can be separated into its market and firm-specific components for New Zealand specific dividend imputation system. Given that the irreversibility of capital is derived from asset-specificity at the individual firm level, increased firm-specific uncertainty displays a pronounced negative effect on firm investment that is consistent with real options behavior. Robust tests have been done within different subsamples that are classified by level of irreversibility, firm size, competition faced by firms, and level of leverage. Similar results for the investment-uncertainty relationship have been found among all the subsamples. Specifically, my empirical results indicate more profound negative investment-uncertainty relationship for firms (i) with more irreversible investment; (ii) with large size; (iii) facing more competition; (iv) with high leverage.
Book Synopsis Operational Research by : João Paulo Almeida
Download or read book Operational Research written by João Paulo Almeida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents selected contributions by top researchers in the field of operations research, originating from the XVI Congress of APDIO. It provides interesting findings and applications of operations research methods and techniques in a wide variety of problems. The contributions address complex real-world problems, including inventory management with lateral transshipments, sectors and routes in solid-waste collection and production planning for perishable food products. It also discusses the latest techniques, making the volume a valuable tool for researchers, students and practitioners who wish to learn about current trends. Of particular interest are the applications of nonlinear and mixed-integer programming, data envelopment analysis, clustering techniques, hybrid heuristics, supply chain management and lot sizing, as well as job scheduling problems. This biennial conference, organized by APDIO, the Portuguese Association of Operational Research, held in Bragança, Portugal, in June 2013, presented a perfect opportunity to discuss the latest development in this field and to narrow the gap between academic researchers and practitioners.
