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Evaluating Nutrient And Sediment Losses From Agricultural Lands
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Book Synopsis Evaluating Nutrient and Sediment Losses from Agricultural Lands by :
Download or read book Evaluating Nutrient and Sediment Losses from Agricultural Lands written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Measures for Controlling Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Irrigated Areas by : D. W. Fitzsimmons
Download or read book Evaluation of Measures for Controlling Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Irrigated Areas written by D. W. Fitzsimmons and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Soil Nutrient Balance by : Rabindra N. Roy
Download or read book Assessment of Soil Nutrient Balance written by Rabindra N. Roy and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2003 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient-balance assessments are valuable tools for delineating the consequences of farming on soil fertility. Various approaches and methods for different situations have been used in the past. This bulletin presents a state-of-the-art review of nutrient balance studies. It brings out the evolution of the approaches and methods, provides for comparisons among them, features the improvements made, and highlights remaining issues. This analysis will be useful in further development of the assessment methodologies as reliable tools for devising time-scale soil fertility management interventions.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the APEX Model to Simulate Runoff, Sediment, and Phosphorus Loss from Agricultural Fields in Northeast Wisconsin by : Forrest Stephen Kalk
Download or read book Evaluation of the APEX Model to Simulate Runoff, Sediment, and Phosphorus Loss from Agricultural Fields in Northeast Wisconsin written by Forrest Stephen Kalk and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the negative consequences of elevated nutrients in surface water, research in the Lower Fox River Watershed in northeastern Wisconsin has focused on monitoring, quantifying, and defining techniques to reduce nutrient and sediment runoff. To support these efforts, the United States Geological Service and University of Wisconsin – Green Bay have been collecting data during runoff events at edge of field locations for several years. My research uses these critical data to parameterize an Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model to predict runoff, nutrient loads, and sediment loads from cropland. Data from three sites were used to both manually and automatically calibrate the model, and six additional sites were used in the validation of the model. I attempted to improve model predictions during snowmelt periods and for estimates of dissolved phosphorus (DP). Results show that the manually calibrated model out-performed the automatically calibrated model in nearly all comparisons. Runoff, sediment, total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved phosphorus (DP) were all successfully calibrated by the manual model. The automatic model only had reasonable estimates for runoff volumes. Validation of both models were poor overall, although several locations produced acceptable results both statistically and when visualized graphically. Generally, estimates of runoff were most successful during model validation, with slightly weaker estimates of sediment, TP, and DP. Simulation of snowmelt periods remained poor. The fraction of TP that's in the soluble form was simulated more realistically in comparison to previous research.
Book Synopsis Methods for evaluating wetland condition 17 landuse characterization for nutrient and sediment risk assessment biological assessment methods for birds. by :
Download or read book Methods for evaluating wetland condition 17 landuse characterization for nutrient and sediment risk assessment biological assessment methods for birds. written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing the Effects of Conservation Practices and Fertilizer Application Methods on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Farm Fields by : Stephanie Ann Nummer
Download or read book Assessing the Effects of Conservation Practices and Fertilizer Application Methods on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Farm Fields written by Stephanie Ann Nummer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff from agricultural lands and the subsequent impact on water quality has been of great concern in the United States, due to harmful algal blooms and anoxic zones in areas such as Lake Erie and the Gulf of Mexico. Conservation practices have been widely used to reduce the quantity of nutrients leaving a field, but there is a lack of research on the effectiveness of these practices using field scale data. The objective of this thesis is to quantify the effect of conservation practices on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff in farmlands. A meta-analysis was conducted using the Measured Annual Nutrient loads from AGricultural Environments (MANAGE) database created by the USDA-ARS. MANAGE is a compilation of 65 publications including data on nitrogen and phosphorus loads, runoff, land use, fertilizer application, and other field characteristics. The observational nature of the dataset makes direct comparisons from field to field impossible because of large variations in field characteristics. Thus, additional steps must be taken to estimate the effect of conservation practices on nutrient loss. To quantify this effect, I used propensity score matching and multilevel modeling, two statistical methods common for observational data. Propensity score matching shows that conservation practices have a significant reduction of 67.5% in total phosphorus, 83% in particulate phosphorus, and 67.3% in particulate nitrogen. Multilevel modeling results - calculated using two different computational methods - support these findings by showing a significant reduction of 57.7% in total phosphorus, 76.2% and 82.1% in particulate phosphorus (via the two methods), and 63.7% in particulate nitrogen. When examining different land uses and fertilizer application methods, the multilevel modeling showed that conservation practices had the most impact on row crops (e.g. corn and soybeans) and on farms fertilized via the injected or surfaced applied method. The results from this work represent the average effect of conservation practices on a national scale. At a regional scale, the effects of conservation practices may vary because of regional differences in agricultural practices and climate. To assist future research at regional and local scales, this thesis provides a Bayesian modeling framework for future quantification of these effects.
Book Synopsis Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay by : National Research Council
Download or read book Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chesapeake Bay is North America's largest and most biologically diverse estuary, as well as an important commercial and recreational resource. However, excessive amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment from human activities and land development have disrupted the ecosystem, causing harmful algae blooms, degraded habitats, and diminished populations of many species of fish and shellfish. In 1983, the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) was established, based on a cooperative partnership among the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the state of Maryland, and the commonwealths of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and the District of Columbia, to address the extent, complexity, and sources of pollutants entering the Bay. In 2008, the CBP launched a series of initiatives to increase the transparency of the program and heighten its accountability and in 2009 an executive order injected new energy into the restoration. In addition, as part of the effect to improve the pace of progress and increase accountability in the Bay restoration, a two-year milestone strategy was introduced aimed at reducing overall pollution in the Bay by focusing on incremental, short-term commitments from each of the Bay jurisdictions. The National Research Council (NRC) established the Committee on the Evaluation of Chesapeake Bay Program Implementation for Nutrient Reduction in Improve Water Quality in 2009 in response to a request from the EPA. The committee was charged to assess the framework used by the states and the CBP for tracking nutrient and sediment control practices that are implemented in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and to evaluate the two-year milestone strategy. The committee was also to assess existing adaptive management strategies and to recommend improvements that could help CBP to meet its nutrient and sediment reduction goals. The committee did not attempt to identify every possible strategy that could be implemented but instead focused on approaches that are not being implemented to their full potential or that may have substantial, unrealized potential in the Bay watershed. Because many of these strategies have policy or societal implications that could not be fully evaluated by the committee, the strategies are not prioritized but are offered to encourage further consideration and exploration among the CBP partners and stakeholders.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Agricultural Best Management by : Bonnie Emmert
Download or read book Evaluation of Agricultural Best Management written by Bonnie Emmert and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling Pesticides and Nutrients on Agricultural Lands by : Anthony S. Donigian (Jr.)
Download or read book Modeling Pesticides and Nutrients on Agricultural Lands written by Anthony S. Donigian (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Measures for Controlling Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Irrigated Areas by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Measures for Controlling Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Irrigated Areas written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook for the Field Assessment of Land Degradation by : Michael Stocking
Download or read book Handbook for the Field Assessment of Land Degradation written by Michael Stocking and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2001 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Book Synopsis Watershed Models by : Vijay P. Singh
Download or read book Watershed Models written by Vijay P. Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Watershed modeling is at the heart of modern hydrology, supplying rich information that is vital to addressing resource planning, environmental, and social problems. Even in light of this important role, many books relegate the subject to a single chapter while books devoted to modeling focus only on a specific area of application. Recognizing the
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Measures for Controlling Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Irrigated Areas by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Measures for Controlling Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Irrigated Areas written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Importance of Intra-management Practice Variability in Phosphorus and Total Solids Losses from Agricultural Fields by : Melissa Danielle Miller
Download or read book The Importance of Intra-management Practice Variability in Phosphorus and Total Solids Losses from Agricultural Fields written by Melissa Danielle Miller and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eutrophication and sedimentation are persistent issues in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Best management practices (BMPs), such as no-till and shallow-disk manure injection, are promising solutions to reduce nutrient and sediment losses to water bodies. However, field studies seeking to quantify the effectiveness of shallow-disk injection as a P mitigation strategy are often constrained by hydrologic variability across spatial and temporal scales. There is an increased need to understand how BMP effectiveness is affected by site-specific conditions in order to better target BMP implementation to areas where they will be most effective. This thesis focuses on characterizing and explaining variability in total solids (TS) and phosphorus (P) losses from twelve experimental plots in central Pennsylvania (PA). The overall objective was to understand the underlying causes of variability in P and TS losses from these plots to provide greater context for understating the effectiveness of shallow-disk injection versus broadcasting. The first chapter assesses variability in the transport dynamics of dissolved P (DP), total P (TP), particulate P (PP), and TS losses from these agricultural plots. It employs load-discharge (L-Q) analyses and CVC/CVQ ratios to examine differences in transport characteristics among manure application methods and among plots of the same manure application method. Shallow-disk injection was found to be more effective than broadcasting in promoting dilution of DP, and to a lesser extent, TP. In contrast, PP showed stronger dilution patterns in broadcast plots than injection plots. There was no difference between application methods for TS. Variability among plots within each manure application practice was largely dependent on relative contributions of overland and subsurface flow. Overall, shallow-disk injection appears to be an effective practice to reduce DP and TP losses while maintaining the erosion-reducing benefits of no-till.The second chapter is focused on understanding which soil, landscape, and hydrologic characteristics play more dominant roles in driving P loss from these plots. Multiple linear regression was used to describe how manure application practices interact with soil and landscape characteristics and predict overland and subsurface P exports. On average, injection plots exported 65% less DP and 48% less TP in overland flow and 81% less DP and 51% less TP in subsurface flow, with almost no differences in PP exports. The multiplicative effects of flow and Mehlich-3 P were the most effective predictors of P losses via both overland and subsurface flow, and unstratified (0-15 cm) measures of Mehlich-3 P concentrations were more or as effective as stratified (0-5 cm and 5-15 cm) concentrations in predicting losses in overland flow. While, soil and landscape characteristics, like soil texture and curvature, often provided additional predictive power. The results of this analysis revealed that shallow-disk injection is effective in reducing P losses and may be effective in preventing P build-up in soils without prior history of manure application.These two studies highlight the importance of understanding site hydrology and management practices as primary drivers of P losses from agricultural fields. Extensively monitored plots such as these provide a unique opportunity to study the effects of BMPs, such as shallow-disk injection, on a small scale, allowing for the assessment of variability among individual units. This work suggests that shallow-disk injection is an effective practice to reduce DP losses by reducing P source availability on the soil surface but does not exacerbate PP losses.
Download or read book EPA-600/9 written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-07 with total page 874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effectiveness of Soil and Water Conservation Practices for Pollution Control by : Douglas A. Haith
Download or read book Effectiveness of Soil and Water Conservation Practices for Pollution Control written by Douglas A. Haith and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring Runoff and Nutrient Losses from Agricultural Land in Nordic Countries by : Lillian Øygarden
Download or read book Measuring Runoff and Nutrient Losses from Agricultural Land in Nordic Countries written by Lillian Øygarden and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1998 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: