Evaluating Explanations

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Evaluating Explanations

Author : David B. Leake
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317782445
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating Explanations by : David B. Leake

Download or read book Evaluating Explanations written by David B. Leake and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychology and philosophy have long studied the nature and role of explanation. More recently, artificial intelligence research has developed promising theories of how explanation facilitates learning and generalization. By using explanations to guide learning, explanation-based methods allow reliable learning of new concepts in complex situations, often from observing a single example. The author of this volume, however, argues that explanation-based learning research has neglected key issues in explanation construction and evaluation. By examining the issues in the context of a story understanding system that explains novel events in news stories, the author shows that the standard assumptions do not apply to complex real-world domains. An alternative theory is presented, one that demonstrates that context -- involving both explainer beliefs and goals -- is crucial in deciding an explanation's goodness and that a theory of the possible contexts can be used to determine which explanations are appropriate. This important view is demonstrated with examples of the performance of ACCEPTER, a computer system for story understanding, anomaly detection, and explanation evaluation.

Evaluating, Doing and Writing Research in Psychology

Author : Philip Bell
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1446276244
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating, Doing and Writing Research in Psychology by : Philip Bell

Download or read book Evaluating, Doing and Writing Research in Psychology written by Philip Bell and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2001-03-30 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluating, Doing and Writing Research in Psychology is a thoroughly revised and expanded co-edition of the highly regarded Reasoning and Argument in Psychology, originally published by UNSW Press, Australia. It represents a comprehensive textbook for all undergraduates in psychology who need to undertake empirical research, taking them step-by-step through the process. In particular, it offers the a range of study skills enabling the student to understand the complex processes involved with psychological research, not really covered in other texts. Coverage includes: · A guide to evaluating statements, arguments and a range of different psychological explanations · Chapters on the interpretation and evaluation of data and evidence, understanding weaknesses in psychological argument, and measurement and numerical reasoning · Chapters on doing a literature review, writing up essays and projects, and reporting observational studies. This is a practical textbook. Textboxes are included to help students comprehend jargon, key research terms and likely problem areas in psychological research.At the end of each chapter, summaries, questions and exercises are included - all designed to give students extra clarification of issues and to help with their overall understanding. Plenty of new examples have been added from the previous edition and exercises are more clearly focused.

Inside Case-based Explanation

Author : Roger C. Schank
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780805810295
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Inside Case-based Explanation by : Roger C. Schank

Download or read book Inside Case-based Explanation written by Roger C. Schank and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Recommender Systems Handbook

Author : Francesco Ricci
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 148997637X
Total Pages : 1008 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Recommender Systems Handbook by : Francesco Ricci

Download or read book Recommender Systems Handbook written by Francesco Ricci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-17 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of a well-received text, with 20 new chapters, presents a coherent and unified repository of recommender systems’ major concepts, theories, methodologies, trends, and challenges. A variety of real-world applications and detailed case studies are included. In addition to wholesale revision of the existing chapters, this edition includes new topics including: decision making and recommender systems, reciprocal recommender systems, recommender systems in social networks, mobile recommender systems, explanations for recommender systems, music recommender systems, cross-domain recommendations, privacy in recommender systems, and semantic-based recommender systems. This multi-disciplinary handbook involves world-wide experts from diverse fields such as artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction, information retrieval, data mining, mathematics, statistics, adaptive user interfaces, decision support systems, psychology, marketing, and consumer behavior. Theoreticians and practitioners from these fields will find this reference to be an invaluable source of ideas, methods and techniques for developing more efficient, cost-effective and accurate recommender systems.

The Nature of Explanation

Author : Peter Achinstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019503743X
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nature of Explanation by : Peter Achinstein

Download or read book The Nature of Explanation written by Peter Achinstein and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1983 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new approach to the definition of scientific explanation. Unlike standard theories, it focuses initially on the explaining act itself, to which reference must be made in order to understand what an explanation is and how it can be evaluated in the sciences.

Understanding Research in Education

Author : Fred L. Perry Jr.
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317680650
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Research in Education by : Fred L. Perry Jr.

Download or read book Understanding Research in Education written by Fred L. Perry Jr. and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-07-25 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a solid introduction to the foundations of research methods, with the goal of enabling students and professionals in the various fields of education to not simply become casual consumers of research who passively read bits and pieces of research articles, but discerning consumers able to effectively use published research for practical purposes in educational settings. All issues important for understanding and using published research for these purposes are covered. Key principles are illustrated with research studies published in refereed journals across a wide spectrum of education. Exercises distributed throughout the text encourage readers to engage interactively with what they are reading at the point when the information is fresh in their minds. This text is designed for higher level undergraduate and graduate programs. Course instructors will find that it provides a solid framework in which to promote student interaction and discussion on important issues in research methodology.

PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264477594
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (644 download)

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Book Synopsis PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework by : OECD

Download or read book PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the conceptual foundations of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), now in its seventh cycle of comprehensive and rigorous international surveys of student knowledge, skills and well-being. Like previous cycles, the 2018 assessment covered reading, mathematics and science, with the major focus this cycle on reading literacy, plus an evaluation of students’ global competence – their ability to understand and appreciate the perspectives and world views of others. Financial literacy was also offered as an optional assessment.

Research in Applied Linguistics

Author : Fred L. Perry, Jr.
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136881727
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Research in Applied Linguistics by : Fred L. Perry, Jr.

Download or read book Research in Applied Linguistics written by Fred L. Perry, Jr. and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newly updated and revised, this popular text provides a solid introduction to the foundations of research methods, with the goal of enabling students and professionals in the field of applied linguistics to become not just casual consumers of research who passively read bits and pieces of a research article, but discerning consumers able to effectively use published research for practical purposes in educational settings. All issues important for understanding and using published research for these purposes are covered. Key principles are illustrated with research studies published in refereed journals across a wide spectrum of applied linguistics. Exercises throughout the text encourage readers to engage interactively with what they are reading at the point when the information is fresh in their minds. Changes in the second edition: new examples in chapter two reflecting formatting changes made by ERIC major reordering in chapter four to better represent the sample types reorganization of chapters six and seven to enhance cohesion of the themes being discussed updated references and recommended reading lists in all chapters.

Argumentation Methods for Artificial Intelligence in Law

Author : Douglas Walton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540251873
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Argumentation Methods for Artificial Intelligence in Law by : Douglas Walton

Download or read book Argumentation Methods for Artificial Intelligence in Law written by Douglas Walton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of argumentation methods applied to legal reasoning is a relatively new field of study. The book provides a survey of the leading problems, and outlines how future research using argumentation-based methods show great promise of leading to useful solutions. The problems studied include not only these of argument evaluation and argument invention, but also analysis of specific kinds of evidence commonly used in law, like witness testimony, circumstantial evidence, forensic evidence and character evidence. New tools for analyzing these kinds of evidence are introduced.

Understanding, Explanation, and Scientific Knowledge

Author : Kareem Khalifa
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107195632
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding, Explanation, and Scientific Knowledge by : Kareem Khalifa

Download or read book Understanding, Explanation, and Scientific Knowledge written by Kareem Khalifa and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive exploration of the nature and value of understanding, addressing burgeoning debates in epistemology and philosophy of science.

Consciousness and Emotion in Cognitive Science

Author : Josefa Toribio
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136794085
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (367 download)

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Book Synopsis Consciousness and Emotion in Cognitive Science by : Josefa Toribio

Download or read book Consciousness and Emotion in Cognitive Science written by Josefa Toribio and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1998-09-01 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The Cognitive Science of Science

Author : Paul Thagard
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262300974
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cognitive Science of Science by : Paul Thagard

Download or read book The Cognitive Science of Science written by Paul Thagard and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-04-06 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cognitive science perspective on scientific development, drawing on philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and computational modeling. Many disciplines, including philosophy, history, and sociology, have attempted to make sense of how science works. In this book, Paul Thagard examines scientific development from the interdisciplinary perspective of cognitive science. Cognitive science combines insights from researchers in many fields: philosophers analyze historical cases, psychologists carry out behavioral experiments, neuroscientists perform brain scans, and computer modelers write programs that simulate thought processes. Thagard develops cognitive perspectives on the nature of explanation, mental models, theory choice, and resistance to scientific change, considering disbelief in climate change as a case study. He presents a series of studies that describe the psychological and neural processes that have led to breakthroughs in science, medicine, and technology. He shows how discoveries of new theories and explanations lead to conceptual change, with examples from biology, psychology, and medicine. Finally, he shows how the cognitive science of science can integrate descriptive and normative concerns; and he considers the neural underpinnings of certain scientific concepts.

Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare

Author : Hao Chen
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303167751X
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare by : Hao Chen

Download or read book Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare written by Hao Chen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

HHAI 2023: Augmenting Human Intellect

Author : P. Lukowicz
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1643683950
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (436 download)

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Book Synopsis HHAI 2023: Augmenting Human Intellect by : P. Lukowicz

Download or read book HHAI 2023: Augmenting Human Intellect written by P. Lukowicz and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2023-07-07 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been much in the news recently, with some commentators expressing concern that AI might eventually replace humans. But many developments in AI are designed to enhance and supplement the performance of humans rather than replace them, and a novel field of study, with new approaches and solutions to the development of AI, has arisen to focus on this aspect of the technology. This book presents the proceedings of HHAI2023, the 2nd International Conference on Hybrid Human-Artificial Intelligence, held from 26-30 June 2023, in Munich, Germany. The HHAI international conference series is focused on the study of artificially intelligent systems that cooperate synergistically, proactively, responsibly and purposefully with humans, amplifying rather than replacing human intelligence, and invites contributions from various fields, including AI, human-computer interaction, the cognitive and social sciences, computer science, philosophy, among others. A total of 78 submissions were received for the main conference track, and most papers were reviewed by at least three reviewers. The overall final acceptance rate was 43%, with 14 contributions accepted as full papers, 14 as working papers, and 6 as extended abstracts. The papers presented here cover topics including interactive hybrid agents; hybrid intelligence for decision support; hybrid intelligence for health; and values such as fairness and trust in hybrid intelligence. We further accepted 17 posters and 4 demos as well as 8 students to the first HHAI doctoral consortium this year. The authors of 4 working papers and 2 doctoral consortium submissions opted for not publishing their submissions to allow a later full submission, resulting in a total of 57 papers included in this proceedings Addressing all aspects of AI systems that assist humans and emphasizing the need for adaptive, collaborative, responsible, interactive, and human-centered artificial intelligence systems which can leverage human strengths and compensate for human weaknesses while considering social, ethical, and legal considerations, the book will be of interest to all those working in the field.

Understanding How Science Explains the World

Author : Kevin McCain
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009002589
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding How Science Explains the World by : Kevin McCain

Download or read book Understanding How Science Explains the World written by Kevin McCain and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-07 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All people desire to know. We want to not only know what has happened, but also why it happened, how it happened, whether it will happen again, whether it can be made to happen or not happen, and so on. In short, what we want are explanations. Asking and answering explanatory questions lies at the very heart of scientific practice. The primary aim of this book is to help readers understand how science explains the world. This book explores the nature and contours of scientific explanation, how such explanations are evaluated, as well as how they lead to knowledge and understanding. As well as providing an introduction to scientific explanation, it also tackles misconceptions and misunderstandings, while remaining accessible to a general audience with little or no prior philosophical training.

Explainable AI: Foundations, Methodologies and Applications

Author : Mayuri Mehta
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031128079
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Explainable AI: Foundations, Methodologies and Applications by : Mayuri Mehta

Download or read book Explainable AI: Foundations, Methodologies and Applications written by Mayuri Mehta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-19 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview and several applications of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). It covers different aspects related to explainable artificial intelligence, such as the need to make the AI models interpretable, how black box machine/deep learning models can be understood using various XAI methods, different evaluation metrics for XAI, human-centered explainable AI, and applications of explainable AI in health care, security surveillance, transportation, among other areas. The book is suitable for students and academics aiming to build up their background on explainable AI and can guide them in making machine/deep learning models more transparent. The book can be used as a reference book for teaching a graduate course on artificial intelligence, applied machine learning, or neural networks. Researchers working in the area of AI can use this book to discover the recent developments in XAI. Besides its use in academia, this book could be used by practitioners in AI industries, healthcare industries, medicine, autonomous vehicles, and security surveillance, who would like to develop AI techniques and applications with explanations.

Critical Reasoning

Author : Anne Thomson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134549601
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis Critical Reasoning by : Anne Thomson

Download or read book Critical Reasoning written by Anne Thomson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reasoning is the everyday process that we all use in order to draw conclusions from facts or evidence. To think critically about what you read and hear is a vital skill for everyone, whether you are a student or not. When we are faced with texts, news items or speeches, what is being said is often obscured by the words used and we may be unsure whether our reasoning, or that of others, is in fact sound. By the end of this topical and exercise-based introduction to critical thinking, you will be able to: * identify flaws in arguments * analyse the reasoning in newspaper articles, books or speeches * approach any topic with the ability to reason clearly and to think critically This stimulating new introduction to reasoning will appeal to all those who would like to improve their reasoning skills, whether at work, in class or in the seminar.