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Eu Financial Assistance For The Decommissioning Of Nuclear Plants In Bulgaria Lithuania And Slovakia
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Book Synopsis EU Financial Assistance for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Plants in Bulgaria, Lithuania and Slovakia by : European Court of Auditors
Download or read book EU Financial Assistance for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Plants in Bulgaria, Lithuania and Slovakia written by European Court of Auditors and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the framework of the EU accession negotiations, Bulgaria, Lithuania and Slovakia committed to the early closure and decommissioning of eight nuclear reactors, thus facing a significant production capacity loss. The Court assessed the effectiveness of the EU financial assistance (2 850 million euro up to now) in supporting recipient countries' efforts to decommission their closed nuclear reactors and to address the consequences of the early closure. The Court found that progress has been slow, no comprehensive assessment of future needs exists, and available funding is plainly insufficient. The Court recommended making conditional any further support upon an evaluation of the EU added value.
Book Synopsis EU Financial Assistance for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Plants in Bulgaria, Lithuania and Slovakia by : European Court of Auditors
Download or read book EU Financial Assistance for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Plants in Bulgaria, Lithuania and Slovakia written by European Court of Auditors and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the framework of the EU accession negotiations, Bulgaria, Lithuania and Slovakia committed to the early closure and decommissioning of eight nuclear reactors, thus facing a significant production capacity loss. The court assessed the effectiveness of the EU financial assistance (2,850 million euro up to now) in supporting recipient countries' efforts to decommission their closed nuclear reactors and to address the consequences of the early closure. The court found that progress has been slow, no comprehensive assessment of future needs exists, and available funding is plainly insufficient. The court recommended making conditional any further support upon an evaluation of the EU added value."--P. [4] of cover.
Book Synopsis Support to the Ex Post Evaluation of the Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programme by :
Download or read book Support to the Ex Post Evaluation of the Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programme written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, a prerequisite for the accession of Bulgaria, Lithuania and Slovakia to the European Union was a commitment to prematurely close and subsequently dismantle their early Soviet-designed reactors. Three nuclear power plants with a total of eight reactors were concerned: Kozloduy Units 1-4 in Bulgaria, Ignalina in Lithuania, and Bohunice V1 in Slovakia. From the early 1990s, the EU began to provide financial and technical assistance to partner countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia via the TACIS and PHARE programmes. In 1999, the EU launched three Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programmes (NDAP) to help Bulgaria, Lithuania, and Slovakia with the closure and dismantling of the eight nuclear reactors, and the significant social, financial and economic burden this caused. Without covering the full cost of decommissioning nor the compensation of all economic consequences, the Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programme aimed to provide financial assistance to several types of projects, for a total EU NDAP support, estimated at €3.8bn for the three countries between 1999 and 2020 (European Parliament, 2017). The NDAP covered two elements: a 'decommissioning window' and an 'energy window'. This report is the final report produced under the framework of the ex-post evaluation of the nuclear decommissioning assistance programme - Energy Window 2007-2013.
Book Synopsis The Aftermath of the Global Crisis in the European Union by : Beáta Farkas
Download or read book The Aftermath of the Global Crisis in the European Union written by Beáta Farkas and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-17 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This collective volume is undoubtedly a major contribution to understanding the causes and consequences of the crisis of the Euro-zone, with a special emphasis on the implications of new and not yet EMU members. A skilful combination of contrasting theoretical and policy perspectives, a refreshing interchange among academics and practitioners from a number of countries, it is a must reading for anyone seriously interested in the political economy of crisis and reform in Europe.” – László Csaba, Professor of International Political Economy, Central European University and Corvinus University of Budapest; Past President, the European Association for Comparative Economic Studies “This book offers a refreshing analysis of what is rapidly becoming Europe’s lost decade. The authors, all established experts in their fields, see light at the end of the tunnel, but it seems quite distant.” – André Sapir, Senior Fellow, Bruegel; Professor of Economics, Université libre de Bruxelles “The papers included in the volume uphold the pressing question of whether Europe can resume its role as a ‘growth and convergence engine’. Issues of growth, macro-stabilization and employment in the economically diversified internal market come in this context to the fore of the discussion. The editor of the volume, Professor Beata Farkas, skilfully brings together research focusing on diverse facets of the European economies in order to address questions such as: (1) Does one size fit all? (2) How can we change the EU budget to make it more effective? (3) Can Europe learn some lessons from the two lost decades in Japan? (4) Is inflation targeting a proper approach in defining monetary policy? (5) How do we conduct an effective fiscal policy? The added value of the volume consists in diversified methodological and conceptual perspectives employed to address the problems at hand. Ideas and arguments are presented in a novel and interdisciplinary manner. As such, the discussion that unfolds throughout the volume will be stimulating for researchers, decision-makers in the government and those in the corporate world. My recommendation is simple: take the book and read it . . .” – Katarzyna Żukrowska, Professor of International Economics and Political Science, Head of the International Security Department, Warsaw School of Economics; Member of the Prognoses Committee, Polish Academy of Science
Book Synopsis Nuclear Decommissioning by : Michele Laraia
Download or read book Nuclear Decommissioning written by Michele Laraia and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once a nuclear installation has reached the end of its safe and economical operational lifetime, the need for its decommissioning arises. Different strategies can be employed for nuclear decommissioning, based on the evaluation of particular hazards and their attendant risks, as well as on the analysis of costs of clean-up and waste management. This allows for decommissioning either soon after permanent shutdown, or perhaps a long time later, the latter course allowing for radioactivity levels to drop in any activated or contaminated components. It is crucial for clear processes and best practices to be applied in decommissioning such installations and sites, particular where any significant health and environmental risks exist.This book critically reviews the nuclear decommissioning processes and technologies applicable to nuclear power plants and other civilian nuclear facilities. Part one focuses on the fundamental planning issues in starting a nuclear decommissioning process, from principles and safety regulations, to financing and project management. Part two covers the execution phase of nuclear decommissioning projects, detailing processes and technologies such as dismantling, decontamination, and radioactive waste management, as well as environmental remediation, site clearance and reuse. Finally, part three details international experience in the decommissioning of nuclear applications, including the main nuclear reactor types and nuclear fuel cycle facilities, as well as small nuclear facilities and legacy nuclear waste sites. - Critically reviews nuclear decommissioning processes and technologies applicable to nuclear power plants and other civilian nuclear facilities - Discusses the fundamental planning issues in starting a nuclear decommissioning process - Considers the execution phase of nuclear decommissioning projects, including dismantling, decontamination, and radioactive waste management, as well as environmental remediation, site clearance and reuse
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of European Security Law and Policy by : E. Conde
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of European Security Law and Policy written by E. Conde and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-11 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of European Security Law and Policy offers a holistic discussion of the contemporary challenges to the security of the European Union and emphasizes the complexity of dealing with these through legislation and policy. Considering security from a human perspective, the book opens with a general introduction to the key issues in European Security Law and Policy before delving into three main areas. Institutions, policies and mechanisms used by Security, Defence Policy and Internal Affairs form the conceptual framework of the book; at the same time, an extensive analysis of the risks and challenges facing the EU, including threats to human rights and sustainability, as well as the European Union’s legal and political response to these challenges, is provided. This Handbook is essential reading for scholars and students of European law, security law, EU law and interdisciplinary legal and political studies.
Book Synopsis Financial Aspects of Decommissioning by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Financial Aspects of Decommissioning written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimating decommissioning costs and collecting the necessary funds for the eventual decommissioning of nuclear facilities is a prerequisite for safe, timely and cost effective decommissioning. The report identifies the types of costs that should be considered when developing a cost estimate and provides information on the collection and management of the funds. It also provides a discussion of the social impacts of decommissioning and how decommissioning can affect the surrounding communities.
Book Synopsis Enlargement of the European Union by : Allan F. Tatham
Download or read book Enlargement of the European Union written by Allan F. Tatham and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2009-01-26 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of EU enlargement has raised many thorny issues unanticipated by the framers of the EC Treaty. A significant upshot of these issues is that the concept of European identity – defined in terms of such factors as culture, history and economics – has supplanted the long-dominant theme of ‘widening and deepening,’ particularly since the Union’s expansion has become primarily eastward. The major contribution of this important book lies in its analysis of the conceptualization and perception of enlargement from various points of view, focusing on the concerns of stakeholders and the ‘identity’ conflicts and uncertainties incurred by enlargement initiatives. In the course of its presentation, it details the actual pre-accession Europeanization process and its complex history. Among the key elements discussed are the following: the conflict between ‘widening’ and ‘deepening’ and the effect on EU institutional reform; institutional requirements on candidate countries; pre-accession criteria and negotiations; administrative capacity, judicial capacity, and legal approximation in accession states; capacity of the EU to absorb new Member States; and EC law as part of European identity. Also covered are specific historical details of particular pre-accession negotiations (e.g., Greece, Spain, Portugal, Malta, and Cyprus), the still inconclusive negotiations with Turkey and the Western Balkan states, and political factors involved in the non-accession of Norway, Iceland and Switzerland. Assembling powerful evidence and applying incisive analysis, the author’s conclusion shows that, absent further (and major) EU institutional reform, it will be difficult for an enlarging Union to continue to ‘deliver the goods.’ A watershed in the continuing great debate on the fulfilment of the EC Treaty’s determination to foster and promote ‘an ever closer union of the peoples of Europe,’ this book will prove invaluable to anybody interested in the European integration project, particularly lawyers, academics, officials and policymakers in the EU Member States.
Download or read book Nuclear Law Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Slovakia: Doing Business and Investing in Slovakia Guide - Strategic and Practical Information by : IBP, Inc.
Download or read book Slovakia: Doing Business and Investing in Slovakia Guide - Strategic and Practical Information written by IBP, Inc. and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-01-24 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2011 Updated Reprint. Updated Annually. Doing Business and Investing in Slovakia Guide
Book Synopsis Lithuania's Road to the European Union by : Klaudijus Maniokas
Download or read book Lithuania's Road to the European Union written by Klaudijus Maniokas and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Transitions in Central and Eastern Europe by : Tomas Maltby
Download or read book Energy Transitions in Central and Eastern Europe written by Tomas Maltby and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-04-30 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines Central and Eastern European energy transitions and climate and energy policy as the EU aims for decarbonisation by 2050.
Book Synopsis Policies and Policy Processes of the European Union by : Laurie Buonanno
Download or read book Policies and Policy Processes of the European Union written by Laurie Buonanno and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-28 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamic and complex system of European Union policymaking is analysed in this new edition of a much-praised textbook. It offers the most integrated understanding of EU policy available. Major approaches to policymaking – including intergovernmentalism, neofunctionalism, supranationalism and critical theory – are presented and supplemented with the authors' own theoretical model, federal integration, to create a comprehensive evaluation of the EU's interests and actors in key policy domains. The text covers the EU's main policy areas – including those on the single market, Economic and Monetary Union, foreign policy, migration and border control, social and regional policies, and the budget – locating them in this wider theoretical framework. As such, it is the key introduction to the subject for students of European Politics at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. New to this Edition: - Each chapter rewritten, many extensively, throughout - New chapters on migration and border control, competition policy, and social and cohesion policies. - New illustrative material and many new examples - Each chapter now includes a Guide to Further Reading
Book Synopsis Costing Methods and Funding Schemes for Radioactive Waste Disposal Programmes by : IAEA
Download or read book Costing Methods and Funding Schemes for Radioactive Waste Disposal Programmes written by IAEA and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2020-11-11 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliable methods for estimating the cost of a radioactive waste disposal programme are crucial to ensure that the necessary funding for completing the disposal programme is available. Estimating the cost for disposal is, however, a challenging and complex task. Disposal programmes themselves are complex and long term undertakings, and conditions can be expected to change significantly over the time span during which a disposal programme is developed and implemented. This publication provides Member States with information on developing cost estimates for a disposal programme and establishing funding mechanisms. It will help readers in becoming informed clients by familiarizing themselves with the approaches and complexities in cost estimates and funding mechanisms for disposal. The publication is applicable to all waste categories and both near surface and geological disposal. It contains relevant examples and case studies from national programmes. The cost figures are intended to give an indication of the possible cost of certain parts or aspects of the disposal programme rather than to compare different disposal programmes costs.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Nuclear Energy in the European Union by : Pamela Mary Barnes
Download or read book The Politics of Nuclear Energy in the European Union written by Pamela Mary Barnes and published by Verlag Barbara Budrich. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the foreseeable future the overall use of nuclear electricity in the European Union is unlikely to change significantly despite the controversies surrounding its use amongst the EU’s nation states. The author questions the role that nuclear electricity plays in meeting the challenges of providing secure, competitive and sustainable energy to support the development of the low carbon economy in the EU. Analysis presented focuses on the evolution of the discourse on nuclear energy amongst policy makers at European and national levels as well as amongst the public.
Book Synopsis Organizational Cultures and the Management of Nuclear Technology by : Russell Kirk
Download or read book Organizational Cultures and the Management of Nuclear Technology written by Russell Kirk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear technology has been an organizing premise of the international system since 1945. Eight countries have officially acknowledged the possession of nuclear weapons. Many countries have harnessed the atom for electricity generation and other civilian uses. Roughly 440 commercial nuclear reactors operate in thirty countries providing 14 percent of the world's electricity. Volatile oil prices and concerns about climate change have led newly emerging economies in Asia to express keen interest in using nuclear energy to meet growing energy demands. Since the basic technological apparatus for both civilian and military nuclear programs is the same, there are concerns about the potential spread of dual-use technology.The future stability of the international order depends on the responsible management of their nuclear assets by nuclear powers. The relationship between civilian authorities and the military takes on special significance in states with nuclear weapons or near-weapon capability. The constitutional balance of powers, the delegation of authority during wartime and peace, influences from public opinion and bureaucratic structures on the formulation of doctrine, crisis management, and communications with the international media and the general public are influenced by civil-military relations and organizational culture.This volume will be of broad interest to scholars of civil-military relations, political science, and political sociology.
Book Synopsis Slovakia Investment and Business Guide Volume 1 Strategic and Practical Information by : IBP USA
Download or read book Slovakia Investment and Business Guide Volume 1 Strategic and Practical Information written by IBP USA and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slovakia Investment and Business Guide - Strategic and Practical Information
