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Etude Des Effets Dune Elevation De Temperature Sur La Croissance Et Le Developpement Du Pecher
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Book Synopsis Etude des effets d'une élévation de température sur la croissance et le développement du pêcher by : Fatima Adra
Download or read book Etude des effets d'une élévation de température sur la croissance et le développement du pêcher written by Fatima Adra and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le dernier rapport du GIEC confirme clairement des projections climatiques prévoyant une augmentation des températures et de leur variabilité à la fin du XXIème siècle. Les effets de ces changements sur la production et la qualité des fruits ont été étudiés dans le cadre du projet CAQ40(INRA). Les expérimentations menées sur des pêchers en pot placés sous différents climats (témoin,+2°C et +5°C), ont permis d'identifier les processus (phénologie, développement, croissance,photosynthèse, métabolisme) les plus sensibles à l'élévation des températures et leurs conséquences sur le développement et la composition des fruits et la pérennité de la production.L'élévation de température a augmenté la demande climatique entraînant une diminution du potentiel hydrique des arbres, ce qui a pu entrainer une concentration des composés d'intérêt dans le fruit. La réduction du taux de photosynthèse des feuilles dans des conditions de forte température est liée à une inhibition de la photosynthèse par les températures élevées et à un contrôle stomatique lié au statut hydrique.Après floraison, l'élévation de température accélère la croissance végétative, induisant une mise en place de la surface foliaire anticipée. Cette croissance végétative précoce a eu pour conséquence (i) une dynamique très rapide d'élongation des axes en pousse longue (ii) une dominance apicale plus marquée, (iii) une diminution de la ramification des axes axillaires,contrairement aux traitements thermiques plus tardifs qui ont eu un effet défavorable sur l'initiation et la différenciation des bourgeons floraux réduisant le potentiel de production l'année suivante.En outre, l'augmentation de température après floraison a entraîné un raccourcissement très marqué de la durée de croissance du fruit, avec une date de récolte anticipée de près de 3semaines. Ce raccourcissement de la durée de croissance du fruit a entraîné une diminution du flux entrant de carbone dans le fruit, pénalisant sa croissance et sa qualité. Le climat très différent entre les deux années expérimentales a entrainé une forte variabilité de la composition des fruits entre les deux années d'expérimentation. En 2014, une élévation de température précoce ou continue a conduit à récolter des fruits de petites tailles ayant des concentrations et des teneurs en saccharose plus importantes. En 2015, la durée de développement entre floraison et maturité était encore plus courte qu'en 2014 ce qui pouvait être lié au climat plus chaud de 2015 et les fruits ont été moins sucrés et plus acides que ceux de 2014. Toutefois, l'élévation des températures en fin de développement en 2015 a augmenté les teneurs et les concentrations en hexoses et en sorbitol liées à un effet concentration mais également à un effet sur le métabolisme. L'élévation des températures en milieu et en fin de cycle a également favorisé l'accumulation d'acide malique et citrique. Les fortes températures n'ont pas eu beaucoup d'effet sur la vitamine C et ont soit augmenté ou diminué les teneurs en composés phénoliques. Les effets d'une élévation de la température sur le métabolisme sont donc très dépendants du stade de développement du fruit.L'utilisation de modèle à l'échelle du fruit (Virtual Fruit) et à l'échelle de l'arbre (QualiTree)pourrait permettre de simuler à la fois l'effet de l'environnement et des pratiques culturales sur la croissance et la qualité du fruit, et donner une vision plus intégrée du fonctionnement de la plante sous contraintes environnementales.
Book Synopsis METABOLISME PURIQUE CHEZ LE PECHER. RECHERCHE D'ENZYMES MARQUEURS DES POTENTIALITES DE CROISSANCE DES BOURGEONS by : FLORENCE.. FAYE
Download or read book METABOLISME PURIQUE CHEZ LE PECHER. RECHERCHE D'ENZYMES MARQUEURS DES POTENTIALITES DE CROISSANCE DES BOURGEONS written by FLORENCE.. FAYE and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CHEZ LES VEGETAUX SUPERIEURS, IL EXISTE UNE RELATION ENTRE LA PHYSIOLOGIE DE LA DORMANCE ET LA REGULATION DE LA TAILLE DES POOLS NUCLEOTIDIQUES, DONT L'EVOLUTION PEUT ETRE APPRECIEE APRES UN APPORT D'ADENOSINE EXOGENE. CHEZ LE PECHER, LA PHOSPHORYLATION DE CE NUCLEOSIDE PAR UNE KINASE REPRESENTE UNE VOIE POTENTIELLE DE RECYCLAGE. PENDANT 4 PERIODES AUTOMNO-HIVERNALES SUCCESSIVES, DE CONSIDERABLES AUGMENTATIONS D'ACTIVITE DE CETTE ENZYME ONT ETE MESUREES A LA FIN DECEMBRE OU AU DEBUT JANVIER DANS LES BOURGEONS FLORAUX, ET PLUS TARDIVEMENT, A LA FIN FEVRIER OU AU DEBUT MARS, DANS LES VEGETATIFS, LORSQUE LA CROISSANCE DE CES BOURGEONS S'ACCELERE. EN CONDITIONS DE PRIVATION DE FROID, L'ELEVATION DE L'ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE EST DECALEE DE PLUSIEURS MOIS. ELLE PEUT SE MANIFESTER PLUS PRECOCEMMENT DANS LES BOURGEONS VEGETATIFS S'ILS SONT PLACES, UNE FOIS LEUR DORMANCE LEVEE, DANS DES CONDITIONS ENVIRONNEMENTALES PROPICES AU DEVELOPPEMENT (TEMPERATURE DE +20C). CHEZ LE PECHER, L'ACTIVITE ADENOSINE KINASE PEUT DONC ETRE CONSIDEREE COMME UN MARQUEUR D'APTITUDE A LA CROISSANCE RAPIDE DES BOURGEONS VEGETATIFS ET FLORAUX. POUR MIEUX COMPRENDRE LE ROLE DE CETTE ENZYME, SES PROPRIETES ONT ETE ETUDIEES APRES PURIFICATION JUSQU'A HOMOGENEITE ; SA MASSE MOLECULAIRE EST ESTIMEE A 43 1 KDA. SON ACTIVITE MAXIMALE EST OBSERVEE, EN PRESENCE D'IONS POTASSIUM ET DE CATIONS DIVALENTS, LORSQUE LE RAPPORT ATP/ME#2#+ EST VOISIN DE 5. SON PH OPTIMUN D'ACTIVITE EST COMPRIS ENTRE 8,5 ET 9,5. L'ADENOSINE KINASE PRESENTE UNE FORTE AFFINITE (1,8 KM 6 M) ET UNE GRANDE SPECIFICITE VIS A VIS DE L'ADENOSINE ; LES CYTOKININES, CEPENDANT, SONT DES SUBSTRATS POTENTIELS. L'ADP, L'AMP ET LE GDP SE SONT REVELES DES INHIBITEURS. CHEZ LE PECHER, L'ELEVATION CONSIDERABLE DE L'ACTIVITE ADENOSINE KINASE EST CORRELEE A UNE AUGMENTATION DE LA QUANTITE D'ENZYME PRESENTE DANS LES BOURGEONS VEGETATIFS ET FLORAUX.
Download or read book Agronomie written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis On Behalf of My Delegation-- by : Joyeeta Gupta
Download or read book On Behalf of My Delegation-- written by Joyeeta Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :K. L. Cochrane Publisher :Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) ISBN 13 :9789251063477 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (634 download)
Book Synopsis Climate Change Implications for Fisheries and Aquaculture by : K. L. Cochrane
Download or read book Climate Change Implications for Fisheries and Aquaculture written by K. L. Cochrane and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the current scientific knowledge available on climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture is provided through three technical papers that were presented and discussed during the Expert Workshop on Climate Change Implications for Fisheries and Aquaculture (Rome, 7-9 April 2008). A summary of the workshop outcomes as well as key messages on impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems and on fisheries- and aquaculture-based livelihoods are provided in the introduction of this Technical Paper. The first paper reviews the physical and ecological impacts of climate change relevant to marine and inland capture fisheries and aquaculture. The paper begins with a review of the physical impacts of climate change on marine and freshwater systems and then connects these changes with observed effects on fish production processes. It also outlines a series of scenarios of climate change impacts on fish production and ecosystems through case studies in different regions and ecosystems. The second paper tackles the consequences of climate change impacts on fisheries and their dependent communities. It analyses the exposure, sensitivity and vulnerability of fisheries to climate change and presents examples of adaptive mechanisms currently used in the sector. The contribution of fisheries to greenhouse gas emissions is addressed and examples of mitigation strategies are given. The role of public policy and institutions in promoting climate change adaptation and mitigation is also explored. Finally, the third paper addresses the impacts of climate change on aquaculture. It provides an overview of the current food fish and aquaculture production and a synthesis of existing studies on climate change effects on aquaculture and fisheries. The paper focuses on the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on aquaculture, in terms of biodiversity, fish disease and fishmeal. Contribution of aquaculture to climate change is addressed (carbon emission and carbon sequestration), as well as possible adaptation and mitigation measures that could be implemented.
Book Synopsis Date Palm Cultivation by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Date Palm Cultivation written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by FAO. This book was released on 2002 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides a basic introduction to date palm propagation, production and protection techniques. Chapters cover: botanical and systematic description, origin, geographical distribution and nutritional value, economic importance, climatic requirements, orchard management, harvesting, and diseases and pests of date palm.
Author :Rohana P. Subasinghe Publisher :Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) ISBN 13 : Total Pages :916 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis Farming the Waters for People and Food by : Rohana P. Subasinghe
Download or read book Farming the Waters for People and Food written by Rohana P. Subasinghe and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2012 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Conference on Aquaculture 2010 brought together a wide range of experts and important stakeholders and reviewed the present status and trends in aquaculture development, evaluated the progress made in the implementation of the 2000 Bangkok Declaration and Strategy, addressed emerging issues relevant to aquaculture development, assessed opportunities and challenges for future aquaculture development and built consensus on advancing aquaculture as a global, sustainable and competitive food production sector. This volume, yet another joint effort of FAO and NACA, brings the outcome of the Global Conference on Aquaculture 2010, the much-needed clear and comprehensive technical information on how aquaculture could be mobilized to alleviate global poverty and improve food and nutrition security in the coming decades.
Book Synopsis UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. I, Abridged Edition by : Jacqueline Ki-Zerbo
Download or read book UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. I, Abridged Edition written by Jacqueline Ki-Zerbo and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This volume covers the period from the end of the Neolithic era to the beginning of the seventh century of our era. This lengthy period includes the civilization of Ancient Egypt, the history of Nubia, Ethiopia, North Africa and the Sahara, as well as of the other regions of the continent and its islands."--Publisher's description
Download or read book Climate and Food Security written by and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1989 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food security and agricultural research; Climatic variability and crop yields; Climatic vulnerability of major food crops; Climatic variability and factors of agricultural production; Climate modeling and climate change; Social and economic implications of climate-food interaction; Strategies for coping with climatic fluctuation and change.
Download or read book El Niño written by Bruno Voituriez and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El Nino, caprice of the heavens, scapegoat for every calamity? The general public cannot really understand what is behind the El Nino phenomenon. The book offers a tour of the Earth's climate to understand one of its normal but extreme components.
Book Synopsis Production of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon, Salmo Salar, in Natural Waters by : National Research Council Canada
Download or read book Production of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon, Salmo Salar, in Natural Waters written by National Research Council Canada and published by NRC Research Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date information, knowledge and research in progress in scientific fields related to natural production of juvenile Atlantic salmon and some other ecologically similar fluvial salmonids is contained in the 25 papers and 12 abstracts contained in this publication, which were prepared for an international symposium held in St. John's, Newfoundland. Studies relate to stream ecology, invertebrates and predators, habitat improvement, competitive effects, behaviour and dispersal, habitat and production of juvenile salmon, population dynamics and relationships of juvenile salmon estimates to smolt yields. A list of participants at the conference is also provided.
Author :Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Pacific Region Publisher :Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Information and Publications Branch ISBN 13 : Total Pages :444 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis North Pacific Workshop on Stock Assessment and Management of Invertebrates by : Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Pacific Region
Download or read book North Pacific Workshop on Stock Assessment and Management of Invertebrates written by Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Pacific Region and published by Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Information and Publications Branch. This book was released on 1986 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various papers are presented on the topics of invertebrate management ingeneral; the sampling of adults, juveniles and larval forms;population dynamics and models; exploration and multispecies interactions;and management strategies. An overall workshop summary is included.
Book Synopsis A Ricardian Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on African Cropland by : Pradeep Kurukulasuriya
Download or read book A Ricardian Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on African Cropland written by Pradeep Kurukulasuriya and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the impact of climate change on cropland in Africa. It is based on a survey of more than 9,000 farmers in 11 countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The study uses a Ricardian cross-sectional approach in which net revenue is regressed on climate, water flow, soil, and economic variables. The results show that net revenues fall as precipitation falls or as temperatures warm across all the surveyed farms. In addition to examining all farms together, the study examined dryland and irrigated farms separately. Dryland farms are especially climate sensitive. Irrigated farms have a positive immediate response to warming because they are located in relatively cool parts of Africa. The study also examined some simple climate scenarios to see how Africa would respond to climate change. These uniform scenarios assume that only one aspect of climate changes and the change is uniform across all of Africa. In addition, the study examined three climate change scenarios from Atmospheric Oceanic General Circulation Models. These scenarios predicted changes in climate in each country over time. Not all countries are equally vulnerable to climate change. First, the climate scenarios predict different temperature and precipitation changes in each country. Second, it is also important whether a country is already hot and dry. Third, the extent to which farms are irrigated is also important.
Download or read book Madagascar written by M. D. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tissue Culture in Forestry by : J.M. Bonga
Download or read book Tissue Culture in Forestry written by J.M. Bonga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2. IMPORTANCE OF NITROGEN METABOLISM 2. 1. Range of naturally occurring nitrogenous components in forest trees 2. 2. Gene expression and mapping 2. 3. Metabolic changes in organized and unorganized systems 2. 4. Nitrogen and nutrition 2. 5. Aspects of intermediary nitrogen metabolism 3. NITROGEN METABOLISM IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 3. 1. Precultural factors 3. 2. Callus formation 3. 3. Cell suspensions 3. 3. 1. Conifers 3. 3. 2. Acer 3. 4. Morphogenesis 3. 4. 1. Nitrogen metabolism of natural embryos 3. 4. 2. Somatic embryogenesis 3. 4. 2. 1. Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) 3. 4. 2. 2. Douglar-fir and loblolly pine 3. 4. 3. Organogenesis 4. OUTLOOK 11. CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION AND METABOLISM - T. A. Thorpe 325 1. INTRODUCTION 2. NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS 3. CARBOHYDRATE UPTAKE 4. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 4. 1. Sucrose degradation 4. 2. Metabolism of other carbon sources 4. 3. Hexose mobilization and metabolism 4. 3. 1. Cell cycle studies 4. 3. 2. Growth studies 4. 3. 3. Organized development 4. 4. Cell wall biogenesis 4. 4. 1. Primary cell walls 4. 4. 2. Cell wall turnover 4. 4. 3. Secondary cell walls 4. 5. Carbon skeleton utilization 5. OSMOTIC ROLE 6. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS 369 12. THE USE OF IN VITRO TECHNIQUES FOR GENETIC MODIFICATIO~FOREST TREES - E. G. Kirby 1. INTRODUCTION 2. IN VITRO SELECTION 2. 1. Natural variation 2. 2. Induction of variation 2. 3. Selection techniques 2. 4. Plant regeneration 2 . • 5. Applications x 3. SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION 3. 1.
Book Synopsis Black Skin, White Masks by : Frantz Fanon
Download or read book Black Skin, White Masks written by Frantz Fanon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Skin, White Masks is a classic, devastating account of the dehumanising effects of colonisation experienced by black subjects living in a white world. First published in English in 1967, this book provides an unsurpassed study of the psychology of racism using scientific analysis and poetic grace.Franz Fanon identifies a devastating pathology at the heart of Western culture, a denial of difference, that persists to this day. A major influence on civil rights, anti-colonial, and black consciousness movements around the world, his writings speak to all who continue the struggle for political and cultural liberation.With an introduction by Paul Gilroy, author of There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack.
