Ethnic Polarization And The Duration Of Civil Wars

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Ethic Polarization and the Duration of Civil Wars

Author : Jose G. Montalvo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Ethic Polarization and the Duration of Civil Wars by : Jose G. Montalvo

Download or read book Ethic Polarization and the Duration of Civil Wars written by Jose G. Montalvo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors analyze the relationship between ethnic polarization and the duration of civil wars. Several recent papers have argued that the uncertainty about the relative power of the contenders in a war will tend to increase its duration. In these models, uncertainty is directly related to the relative size of the contenders. The authors argue that the duration of civil wars increases the more polarized a society is. Uncertainty is not necessarily linked to the structure of the population but it could be traced back to the measurement of the size of the different groups in the society. Given a specific level of measurement error or uncertainty, more polarization implies lengthier wars. The empirical results show that ethnically polarized countries have to endure longer civil wars than ethnically less polarized societies.

Ethnic Polarization and the Duration of Civil Wars

Author : Marta Reynal-Querol
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethnic Polarization and the Duration of Civil Wars by : Marta Reynal-Querol

Download or read book Ethnic Polarization and the Duration of Civil Wars written by Marta Reynal-Querol and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors analyze the relationship between ethnic polarization and the duration of civil wars. Several recent papers have argued that the uncertainty about the relative power of the contenders in a war will tend to increase its duration. In these models, uncertainty is directly related to the relative size of the contenders. The authors argue that the duration of civil wars increases the more polarized a society is. Uncertainty is not necessarily linked to the structure of the population but it could be traced back to the measurement of the size of the different groups in the society. Given a specific level of measurement error or uncertainty, more polarization implies lengthier wars. The empirical results show that ethnically polarized countries have to endure longer civil wars than ethnically less polarized societies.

Ethnic Polarization and the Duration of Civil Wars

Author : Jose G. Montalvo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethnic Polarization and the Duration of Civil Wars by : Jose G. Montalvo

Download or read book Ethnic Polarization and the Duration of Civil Wars written by Jose G. Montalvo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors analyze the relationship between ethnic polarization and the duration of civil wars. Several recent papers have argued that the uncertainty about the relative power of the contenders in a war will tend to increase its duration. In these models, uncertainty is directly related to the relative size of the contenders. The authors argue that the duration of civil wars increases the more polarized a society is. Uncertainty is not necessarily linked to the structure of the population but it could be traced back to the measurement of the size of the different groups in the society. Given a specific level of measurement error or uncertainty, more polarization implies lengthier wars. The empirical results show that ethnically polarized countries have to endure longer civil wars than ethnically less polarized societies.

Incidence, Onset and Duration of Civil Wars

Author : Michael F. Bleaney
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (837 download)

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Book Synopsis Incidence, Onset and Duration of Civil Wars by : Michael F. Bleaney

Download or read book Incidence, Onset and Duration of Civil Wars written by Michael F. Bleaney and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate the determinants of onset, duration and incidence of civil wars, and their sensitivity to different coding rules. Whatever the coding rule used, incidence of civil war is largely determined by poverty, country size, mountainous terrain and ethnic diversity. Poverty reduces the opportunity cost of rebellion, and mountainous terrain makes rebellions harder to defeat, while ethnic diversity creates potential conflict, since some linguistic groups may feel under-represented. Continuation and onset of civil war are non-overlapping subsets of incidence, depending on whether civil war occurred in the previous year. We exploit this aspect to test whether the determinants of continuation and onset are statistically significantly different. For four out of five coding rules, we cannot reject the null hypothesis of common determinants of civil war onset and continuation. This is the main contribution of the paper. Ethnic diversity is particularly high in Africa, where many civil wars occur, but we show that the significance of ethnic diversity is not just an unidentified Africa effect. Our estimated model works as well for Africa as for other areas. There is evidence that ethnic polarization matters as well as fractionalization. We show that polarization understates the propensity for conflict in societies with high ethnic diversity, where the polarization measure tends to be low, but otherwise outperforms fractionalization as a predictor of conflict. Mountainous terrain is generally not significant when ethnic polarization is included.

External Interventions and the Duration of Civil Wars

Author : Ibrahim Elbadawi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis External Interventions and the Duration of Civil Wars by : Ibrahim Elbadawi

Download or read book External Interventions and the Duration of Civil Wars written by Ibrahim Elbadawi and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous studies have argued that longer civil wars have been caused by ethnically polarized societies, since rebel cohesion is easier and more lasting with polarization. This study shows that external interventions tend to reduce the cost of coordinating a rebellion (or of fighting a rebellion), thereby lengthening the duration of civil wars even in societies that are not ethnically polarized.

On the Duration of Civil War

Author : Paul Collier
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis On the Duration of Civil War by : Paul Collier

Download or read book On the Duration of Civil War written by Paul Collier and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The duration of large-scale violent civil conflict increases substantially if the society is composed of a few large ethnic groups, if there is extensive forest cover, and if the conflict has commenced since 1980. None of these factors affect the initiation of conflict. And neither the duration nor the initiation of conflict is affected by initial inequality or political repression.

Ethnic polarization, potential conflict, and civil wars[

Author : José García Montalvo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethnic polarization, potential conflict, and civil wars[ by : José García Montalvo

Download or read book Ethnic polarization, potential conflict, and civil wars[ written by José García Montalvo and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Families and Foes

Author : Shanna A. Kirschner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Families and Foes by : Shanna A. Kirschner

Download or read book Families and Foes written by Shanna A. Kirschner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When do ethnic civil wars last especially long? This dissertation examines when, why, and how ethnicity affects the length of civil wars. Two-thirds of civil wars pit ethnic combatants against each other; the duration of these conflicts varies considerably. Existing work on ethnicity in civil wars is effectively stalemated on the questions of how or even whether ethnicity influences the lengths of these wars. Yet the answer has vital normative, policy, and research implications. In this dissertation, I argue that ethnicity will prolong civil wars under two conditions. First, when information derived from ethnic interactions exacerbates combatants' fears of the future, conflicts will last longer. Second, when support from ethnic kin in other states alters the balance of capabilities or introduces uncertainty into wars, conflicts will be protracted. Using duration analysis of a new dataset of all ethnic civil wars from 1945 to 2004, I show that both of these dynamics prolong ethnic civil wars. Case studies from two post-Soviet republics demonstrate that ethnic interactions are especially likely to prolong conflicts when they exacerbate commitment or signaling problems. Two civil wars in Indonesia show that ethnic kin are especially influential when they influence the balance of capabilities. Case studies of civil wars in Central America and Sri Lanka indicate that these findings also may have implications for both variation within non-ethnic civil wars and between ethnic and non-ethnic civil wars.

The Logic of Violence in Civil War

Author : Stathis N. Kalyvas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 113945692X
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Violence in Civil War by : Stathis N. Kalyvas

Download or read book The Logic of Violence in Civil War written by Stathis N. Kalyvas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By analytically decoupling war and violence, this book explores the causes and dynamics of violence in civil war. Against the prevailing view that such violence is an instance of impenetrable madness, the book demonstrates that there is logic to it and that it has much less to do with collective emotions, ideologies, and cultures than currently believed. Kalyvas specifies a novel theory of selective violence: it is jointly produced by political actors seeking information and individual civilians trying to avoid the worst but also grabbing what opportunities their predicament affords them. Violence, he finds, is never a simple reflection of the optimal strategy of its users; its profoundly interactive character defeats simple maximization logics while producing surprising outcomes, such as relative nonviolence in the 'frontlines' of civil war.

On the Duration of Civil War

Author : Paul Collier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Duration of Civil War by : Paul Collier

Download or read book On the Duration of Civil War written by Paul Collier and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The duration of large-scale, violent civil conflict increases substantially if the society is composed of a few large ethnic groups, if there is extensive forest cover, and if the conflict has commenced since 1980. None of these factors affects the initiation of conflict. And neither the duration nor the initiation of conflict is affected by initial inequality or political repression.Collier, Hoeffler, and Soderbom model the duration of large-scale, violent civil conflicts, applying hazard functions to a comprehensive data set on such conflicts for the period 1960-99. They find that the duration of conflicts is determined by a substantially different set of variables than those that determine their initiation. The duration of conflict increases substantially if the society is composed of a few large ethnic groups, if there is extensive forest cover, and if the conflict has commenced since 1980. None of these factors affects the initiation of conflict.The authors also find that neither the duration nor the initiation of conflict is affected by initial inequality or political repression. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that rebellions are initiated where they are viable during conflict, regardless of the prospects of attaining post-conflict goals, and that they persist unless circumstances change.This paper - a product of the Office of the Director, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study large scale violent conflict. The authors may be contacted at [email protected], [email protected], or [email protected].

Ethnic Conflicts, Civil War and Cost of Conflict

Author : Raul Caruso
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780521308
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethnic Conflicts, Civil War and Cost of Conflict by : Raul Caruso

Download or read book Ethnic Conflicts, Civil War and Cost of Conflict written by Raul Caruso and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-25 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes some of the selected papers presented by scholars in a European Peace Science Network Meeting held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. This title covers the conflicts in Maoist India, South America, and Sub-Saharan Africa.

Public Opinion, Democracy, and Market Reform in Africa

Author : Michael Bratton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521602914
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Opinion, Democracy, and Market Reform in Africa by : Michael Bratton

Download or read book Public Opinion, Democracy, and Market Reform in Africa written by Michael Bratton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a groundbreaking exploration of public opinion in sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the Afrobarometer, a survey research project, it reveals what ordinary Africans think about democracy and market reforms, subjects on which almost nothing is otherwise known. The authors find that support for democracy in Africa is wide but shallow and that Afrcns feel trapped between state and market. While Africans are learning about reform on the basis of knowledge, reasoning, and experience, few countries are likely to attain full-fledged democracies and markets anytime soonn.

Ethnic Groups in Conflict

Author : Donald L. Horowitz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780520058804
Total Pages : 697 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (588 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethnic Groups in Conflict by : Donald L. Horowitz

Download or read book Ethnic Groups in Conflict written by Donald L. Horowitz and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand ethnic conflict is an ambitious task, but by focusing on the logic and structure of conflict and discussing measures to abate it, Horowitz brings important insight into an urgent issues that affects all strata of society everywhere. Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.

Waves of War

Author : Andreas Wimmer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107025559
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Waves of War by : Andreas Wimmer

Download or read book Waves of War written by Andreas Wimmer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new perspective on how the nation-state emerged and proliferated across the globe, accompanied by a wave of wars. Andreas Wimmer explores these historical developments using social science techniques of analysis and datasets that cover the entire modern world.

War of Visions

Author : Francis M. Deng
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780815723691
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis War of Visions by : Francis M. Deng

Download or read book War of Visions written by Francis M. Deng and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The civil war that has intermittently raged in the Sudan since independence in 1956 is, according to Francis Deng, a conflict of contrasting and seemingly incompatible identities in the Northern and Southern parts of the country. Identity is seen as a function of how people identify themselves and are identified in racial, ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious terms. The identity question related to how such concepts determine or influence participation and distribution in the political, economic, social, and cultural life of the country. War of Visions aims at shedding light on the anomalies of the identity conflict. The competing models in the Sudan are the Arab-Islamic mold of the North, representing two-thirds of the country in territory and population, and the remaining Southern third, which is indigenously African in race, ethnicity, culture, and religion, with an educated Christianized elite. But although the North is popularly defined as racially Arab, the people are a hybrid of Arab and African elements, with the African physical characteristics predominating in most tribal groups. This configuration is the result of a historical process that stratified races, cultures, and religions, and fostered a "passing" into the Arab-Islamic mold that discriminated against the African race and cultures. The outcome of this process is a polarization that is based more on myth than on the realities of the situation. The identity crisis has been further complicated by the fact that Northerners want to fashion the country on the basis of their Arab- Islamic identity, while the South is decidedly resistant. Francis Deng presents three alternative approaches to the identity crisis. First, he argues that by bringing to the surface the realities of the African elements of identity in the North-- thereby revealing characteristics shared by all Sudanese--a new basis for the creation of a common identity could be established that fosters equitable

Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa

Author : Daniel N. Posner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316582973
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa by : Daniel N. Posner

Download or read book Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa written by Daniel N. Posner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-06 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a theory to account for why and when politics revolves around one axis of social cleavage instead of another. It does so by examining the case of Zambia, where people identify themselves either as members of one of the country's seventy-three tribes or as members of one of its four principal language groups. The book accounts for the conditions under which Zambian political competition revolves around tribal differences and under which it revolves around language group differences. Drawing on a simple model of identity choice, it shows that the answer depends on whether the country operates under single-party or multi-party rule. During periods of single-party rule, tribal identities serve as the axis of electoral mobilization and self-identification; during periods of multi-party rule, broader language group identities play this role. The book thus demonstrates how formal institutional rules determine the kinds of social cleavages that matter in politics.

Colonial Institutions and Civil War

Author : Shivaji Mukherjee
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108844995
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Colonial Institutions and Civil War by : Shivaji Mukherjee

Download or read book Colonial Institutions and Civil War written by Shivaji Mukherjee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shows how colonial indirect rule and land tenure institutions create state weakness, ethnic inequality and insurgency in India, and around the world.