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Author : Edward Westermarck
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (473 download)
Download or read book Ethical Relativity. 1932 written by Edward Westermarck and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Edward Westermarck
Publisher : DigiCat
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (596 download)
Download or read book Ethical Relativity written by Edward Westermarck and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-11-22 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Edward Westermarck grounds ethics in the biological underpinnings of emotion and makes arguments for both psychological and ethical relativism. According to Westermarck, conventional moral judgments are based on moral sentiments, which are neutral moral feelings. Because moral standards are rooted in emotion, Westermarck concludes that they cannot be objective.
Author : Edward Westermarck
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317830741
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)
Download or read book Ethical Relativity written by Edward Westermarck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is Volume of VI Of six in a series on Ethic and Political Philosophy. Originally published in 1932, this study looks at how the emotional origin of moral judgments consistently leads to a denial of the objective validity ascribed to them both by common sense and by normative theories of ethics.
Author : John Ladd
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Ethical Relativism written by John Ladd and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Abraham Edel
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781412826136
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (261 download)
Download or read book In Search of the Ethical written by Abraham Edel and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twentieth century has been rich in the variety of its ethical theories. Since the turn of the century, contending philosophical positions have tended to view ethics either as spiritual and separate from the natural world or as a function of bodily or material forces. Although both factions had roots in older philosophies, the speed and complexity of modern development, in science and technology engendered a multiplicity of smaller schools within traditonal domains. Li the fifth volume of "Science, Ideology, and Value, "Abraham Edel offers a consideration of some of the major moral theories of this troubled century and a guide to their historical development and context. In treating the newer and distinctively twentieth-century philosophical schools, Edel concentrates on movements rather than on the individual philosopher's rounded theory. The treatment of John Dewey comes in a chapter on pragmatic tests and ethical insights, while that of Edward Alexander Westermarck comes in a larger discussion of ethical relativism. Edel's consideration of John Rawls and Alasdair Maclntyre provides a broader lesson in the problems and pitfalls of dealing with ethical ideas apart from history and social context. Edel obse/ves that while the concepts of morality, and the theories in which they are enmeshed, have been familiar subject matter of ethical theory, the one topic that has been little explored is changes over time in ethical practice. While the fact of different moralities and the rise and fall of a given morality have been dealt with in a historical vein, how such changes have impacted the theory of ethics as such has received only limited treatment. Edel devotes significant space to this topic, noting that the study of moral change may yield both a deeper understanding of the functioning of morality within the social culture as well as new vistas on the function of ethical theories themselves.
Author : Westermarck. Edward Alexander
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Ethical relativity written by Westermarck. Edward Alexander and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Otto Pipatti
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351169149
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)
Download or read book Morality Made Visible written by Otto Pipatti and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While highly respected among evolutionary scholars, the sociologist, anthropologist and philosopher Edward Westermarck is now largely forgotten in the social sciences. This book is the first full study of his moral and social theory, focusing on the key elements of his theory of moral emotions as presented in The Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas and summarised in Ethical Relativity. Examining Westermarck’s evolutionary approach to the human mind, the author introduces important new themes to scholarship on Westermarck, including the pivotal role of emotions in human reciprocity, the evolutionary origins of human society, social solidarity, the emergence and maintenance of moral norms and moral responsibility. With attention to Westermarck’s debt to David Hume and Adam Smith, whose views on human nature, moral sentiments and sympathy Westermarck combined with Darwinian evolutionary thinking, Morality Made Visible highlights the importance of the theory of sympathy that lies at the heart of Westermarck’s work, which proves to be crucial to his understanding of morality and human social life. A rigorous examination of Westermarck’s moral and social theory in its intellectual context, this volume connects Westermarck’s work on morality to classical sociology, to the history of evolutionism in the social and behavioural sciences, and to the sociological study of morality and emotions, showing him to be the forerunner of modern evolutionary psychology and anthropology. In revealing the lasting value of his work in understanding and explaining a wide range of moral phenomena, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology and psychology with interests in social theory, morality and intellectual history.
Author : Christopher Herbert
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226327361
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)
Download or read book Victorian Relativity written by Christopher Herbert and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the articles of faith of twentieth-century intellectual history is that the theory of relativity in physics sprang in its essentials from the unaided genius of Albert Einstein; another is that scientific relativity is unconnected to ethical, cultural, or epistemological relativisms. Victorian Relativity challenges these assumptions, unearthing a forgotten tradition of avant-garde speculation that took as its guiding principle "the negation of the absolute" and set itself under the militant banner of "relativity." Christopher Herbert shows that the idea of relativity produced revolutionary changes in one field after another in the nineteenth century. Surveying a long line of thinkers including Herbert Spencer, Charles Darwin, Alexander Bain, W. K. Clifford, W. S. Jevons, Karl Pearson, James Frazer, and Einstein himself, Victorian Relativity argues that the early relativity movement was bound closely to motives of political and cultural reform and, in particular, to radical critiques of the ideology of authoritarianism. Recuperating relativity from those who treat it as synonymous with nihilism, Herbert portrays it as the basis of some of our crucial intellectual and ethical traditions.
Author : Nicolai Hartmann
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351504630
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)
Download or read book Moral Phenomena written by Nicolai Hartmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the nineteenth century, moral philosophy in the Western world has been dominated by utilitarianism, Kantianism, and relativism. Only a few philosophers have been able to escape from this Procrustean bed. Foremost among these few is Nicolai Hartmann (1882-1950). Together with Henri Bergson and Martin Heidegger, Hartmann was instrumental in restoring metaphysics. Hartmann's metaphysics differs markedly from that of both Bergson and Heidegger, in his indebtedness to Plato.In 1926, Hartmann published a massive treatise, Ethik, which was translated into English by Stanton Coit and published as Ethics in 1932. Ethics is probably the most outstanding treatise on moral philosophy in the twentieth century. The central concept of the book is ""value."" Drawing upon the pre-modern view of ethics, Hartmann maintains that values are objectively given, part and parcel of the order of being. We cannot invent values, we can merely discover them.The first part of Ethics is concerned with the structure of ethical phenomena and criticizes utilitarianism, Kantianism, and relativism as misleading approaches. After some introductory thoughts concerning the competence of practical philosophy, Hartmann discusses the essence of moral values, including their absoluteness and ideal being, and the essence of the ""ought."" Hartmann is both controversial and compelling. He provides a moral philosophy that rejects the subjectivism of the ruling approaches, without taking recourse to older theological notions on the foundation of the ethical. In sum: Hartmann's Ethics constitutes an impressive and preeminent contribution to moral philosophy.
Author : Robert Audi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781107643796
Total Pages : 1312 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (437 download)
Download or read book The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy written by Robert Audi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 1312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the leading, full-scale comprehensive dictionary of philosophical terms and thinkers to appear in English in more than half a century. Written by a team of more than 550 experts and now widely translated, it contains approximately 5,000 entries ranging from short definitions to longer articles. It is designed to facilitate the understanding of philosophy at all levels and in all fields. Key features of this third edition: • 500 new entries covering Eastern as well as Western philosophy, and covering individual countries such as China, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain • Increased coverage of such growing fields as ethics and philosophy of mind • More than 100 new intellectual portraits of leading contemporary thinkers • Wider coverage of Continental philosophy • Dozens of new technical concepts in cognitive science and other areas • Enhanced cross-referencing to add context and increase understanding • Expansions in both text and index to facilitate research and browsing
Author : Nicolai Hartmann
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351504606
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)
Download or read book Moral Values written by Nicolai Hartmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nicolai Hartmann (1882-1950), along with Henri Bergson and Martin Heidegger, was instrumental in restoring metaphysics to the study of philosophy. Unlike his contemporaries, however, Hartmann was clearly influenced by Plato. His tour-de-force, Ethik, published in English in 1932 as Ethics, may be the most outstanding work on moral philosophy produced in the twentieth century.In the first part of Ethics (Moral Phenomena), Hartmann was concerned with the structure of ethical phenomena, and criticized utilitarianism, Kantianism, and relativism as misleading approaches. In the second part, Moral Values, the author describes all values as forming a complex and as yet imperfectly known system. The actualization of the non-moral and elementary moral values is a necessary condition for the actualization of the higher values. It is on this account that rudimentary values have a prior claim.Hartmann outlines the main features of the chief virtues, and shows that the moral disposition required in any exigency is always a specific synthesis of various and often conflicting values. Specifically describing fundamental moral values-such as goodness, nobility, and vitality-and special moral values-such as justice, wisdom, courage, self-control, trustworthiness, and modesty-Hartmann takes theoretical philosophy and brings it very much into the realm of the practical.A compelling and insightful volume, Moral Values remains an essential contribution to the moral and ethical literature of the twentieth century. Hartmann offers a self-contained system of ethics that yet offers a conservative outlook on social life.
Author : David Copp
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195147790
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory written by David Copp and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook is a comprehensive reference work in ethical theory consisting of commissioned articles by leading scholars. The first part treats meta-ethics and the second part normative ethical theory. As with all the Oxford Handbooks, the collection is designed to achieve three goals: exposition of central ideas, criticism of other approaches, and defenses of distinct points of view.
Author : May May Mandelbaum Edel
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1412817307
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (128 download)
Download or read book Anthropology and Ethics written by May May Mandelbaum Edel and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1959 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the results of an experiment in interdisciplinary collaboration to clarify theories of morality and anthropology and philosophy, showing how each may be enriched by borrowing from the other. Pooling the resources and methods of their respective fields-anthropology and philosophy-May and Abraham Edel examine the wide range of moral differences in the world "to establish 'coordinates' for the more systematic mapping of particular moralities, to explore more explicitly the relations of morality to cultural patterns and social processes, and to see how philosophic issues of ethical theory become refined and reformulated when their cultural content is made manifest." The book contains an implicit suggestion that the anthropologist should focus on morality as an independent area of study and that the philosopher should stop treating morality in isolation. Anthropology tends to include morality as an incidental part of other inquiries. Philosophy, on the other hand, tends to cut morality off from the framework of psychological and cultural processes; the result is a kind of deadlock in ethical theory. The Edels observe that to develop a working concept of morality at least as well developed as that furnished for religion, anthropology can benefit from philosophic methods of analyzing concepts and from philosophical ways of conceptualizing problems of ethical theory. On the other hand, philosophy can use the methods of anthropology, to approach morality in more meaningful terms. This study is not addressed only to professionals; its aim, rather, is to "provide an orientation to morality itself in a world in which human problems are becoming extremely complex and have to be confronted directly as moral."
Author : Ted Honderich
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1050 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Oxford Companion to Philosophy written by Ted Honderich and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1995 with total page 1050 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the most authoritative and engaging philosophical reference work in English. It gives clear and reliable guidance to all areas of philosophy and to the ideas of all notable philosophers from antiquity to the present day. The scope of the volume is not limited to English-languagephilosophy: it surveys the foremost philosophy from all parts of the world. A distinguished international assembly of more than two hundred contributors provide almost 2,000 alphabetically arranged entries which are not only instructive but also entertaining: they combine learning, lucidity, elegance, and wit. There are more than fifty extended entries of 3,000 words on themain areas of philosophy and the great philosophers: these include essays by Alasdair MacIntyre on the history of moral philosophy, Paul Feyerabend on the history of the philosophy of science, Jaegwon Kim on problems of the philosophy of mind, Richard Swinburne on problems of the philosophy ofreligion, David Charles on Aristotle, Peter Singer on Hegel, Anthony Kenny on Frege, and Anthony Quinton on philosophy itself. Short entries deal with key concepts (for instance, personal identity, time) doctrines (utilitarianism, holism), problems (the mind-body problem, the meaning of life), schools of thought (Marxist philosophy, the Vienna Circle), and practical issues (abortion, vegetarianism). Individual thinkerspast (Pythagoras, Confucius, Galileo, Goethe, Burke, Santayana, de Beauvoir, Radhakrishnan) and present (over 150 contemporary figures, such as Chomsky, Derrida, and Popper) are profiled, and eighty of them are depicted in black-and-white portraits. Interspersed throughout are short explanations ofparticular philosophical terms (qualia, supervenience, iff), puzzles (the Achilles paradox, the prisoner's dilemma), and curiosities (the philosopher's stone, slime). Every entry is accompanied by suggestions for further reading. A chronological chart of the history of philosophy is located at theend of the book, together with fourteen diagrams showing the structure of philosophy and the relations between its subjects and doctrines. This book will be an indispensable guide and a constant source of stimulation and enlightenment for anyone interested in abstract thought, the eternal questions, and the foundations of human understanding.
Author : C.D. Broad
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131783402X
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)
Download or read book Five Types of Ethical Theory written by C.D. Broad and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Broad expounds and criticises five typical theories of ethics, viz. those of Spinoza, Butler, Hume, Kant and Sidgwick. This edition first published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author : Ellen Frankel Paul
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521794602
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Natural Law and Modern Moral Philosophy: Volume 18, Social Philosophy and Policy, Part 1 written by Ellen Frankel Paul and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-01-29 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume--written by academic lawyers as well as legal and moral philosophers--address some of the most intriguing questions raised by natural law theory and its implications for law, morality, and public policy. Some of the essays explore the implications that natural law theory has for jurisprudence, asking what natural law suggests about the use of legal devices such as constitutions and precedents. Other essays examine the connections between natural law and natural rights.
Author : Salla Tuomivaara
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030268632
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Animals in the Sociologies of Westermarck and Durkheim written by Salla Tuomivaara and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores why animals, at some point, disappeared from the realm and scope of sociology. The role of sociology in the construction of a science of the ‘human’ has been substantial, building representations of the human sphere of life as unique. Within the sociological tradition however, animals have often been invisible, even non-existent. Through in-depth comparisons of the texts of prominent early sociologists Emile Durkheim and Edward Westermarck, Tuomivaara shows that despite this exclusion, representations of animals and human-animal relations were far more varied in early works than in the later sociological cannon. Addressing a significant gap in the interdisciplinary field of animal studies, Tuomivaara presents a close reading of the historical treatment of animals in the works of Durkheim and Westermarck to determine how the human-animal boundary was established in sociological theory. The diverse forms in which animals and ‘the animal’ appear in the works of early classical sociology are charted and explored, alongside the sociological themes that bring animals into these texts. Situated in contemporary theory, from critical animal studies to posthumanism, this important book lays the groundwork for a disciplinary shift away from this sharp human-animal dualism.
