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Essays On Real Exchange Rate Volatility And Openness In International Trade
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Book Synopsis Essays on Real Exchange Rate Volatility and Openness in International Trade by : Abelardo Salazar Neaves
Download or read book Essays on Real Exchange Rate Volatility and Openness in International Trade written by Abelardo Salazar Neaves and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work comprises five chapters that explore in detail issues related to real exchange rate volatility and trade openness. In the case of real exchange rate volatility, we start with the decomposition of this measure to determine the relative contribution of traded and nontraded goods to the variance of the real exchange rate. We obtain evidence in favour of a relevant role for non-traded goods. Our estimation of the real exchange rate volatility is included in the second chapter. Our results, based on a cross-section regression, show that the existing link of openness to real exchange rate volatility is weaker when we control for imposed and natural trade barriers. At the same time we are able to obtain a relationship between inflation volatility and the variation of the real exchange rate. Chapters three and four are related to our real exchange rate volatility model. We decide to obtain a specication for openness that could help us explore in detail the idea of country characteristics aecting trade flows. Our rst approach considers a cross-section estimation to identify the factors that consistently aect trade openness. The second approach considers a more dynamic specication. We are able to establish a link between country characteristics and trade openness. At the same time our results capture interesting changes in the eects of the dependent variables on openness across time. The final chapter takes us back to the analysis of real exchange rate volatility. In this case, we explore which measure is the most appropriate amongst those calculated from series in levels and the ones in first dierences. We conclude that series that do not show less stationary behaviour require longer time series (more observations) in order to display results that close to the reference value.
Book Synopsis Real Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Openness by : Harald Hau
Download or read book Real Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Openness written by Harald Hau and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on International Economics by : Roman David Merga
Download or read book Essays on International Economics written by Roman David Merga and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation consists of three independent chapters on International Economics. The first two chapters focus on how and why uncertainty affects international trade. The last chapter focuses on how reductions in trade barriers affect wage inequality. In the first chapter, I show that higher domestic volatility discourages exporters' investments in foreign market access, explaining the lack of involvement in international trade by developing economies. At the cross-country level, I find that country TFP volatility explains 40% of the relationship between trade and GDP per capita. Using Colombian micro-level data, I document that exporters with higher domestic sales volatility export less. New exporters expand relatively less over their life cycle in industries with higher domestic sales volatility. This dampening of the firm-level export expansion path is amplified in products with more variable markups. Motivated by these novel firm-level findings, I develop an international trade model with new exporter dynamics and variable markups that can account for the novel facts at the firm and the cross-country levels. These findings suggest that trade frictions calculated using static trade models reflect the interactions of domestic volatility and exporters' investment decisions to grow into foreign markets. Indeed my quantitative findings show that the volatility differences across countries are equivalent to a 30% higher trade cost in developing economies. These volatility differences account for 40% of the differential trade cost estimated by standard models of international trade. In the second chapter, I use a new time-varying measure of real exchange rate uncertainty (RERU) and find a negative relationship between RERU and international trade at the aggregate level. A one standard deviation increase in RERU is associated with a 5% drop in total trade over GDP. Using Colombian firm-level data, I document three firm-level facts consistent with the existence of a precautionary motive in international trade. When RERU increases, exporters: 1) reduce their export intensity, 2) are more likely to stop exporting, and 3) are less likely to start exporting to new markets. Additionally, I document that this behavior is mostly explained by exporters paying higher interest rates and facing higher shipping lags. These micro-level findings explain the cross-country results and contrast with the predictions from standard sunk cost models used in international trade. I show that incorporating firm-level debt default and international shipping lags into these standard models is enough to reconcile these models with the novel facts. In the new model, an increase in the RERU increases the probability of an exporter ending up in a financially vulnerable situation. To hedge against this risk, exporters respond by increasing markups or quitting the export market, generating a drop in aggregate exports through both the intensive and extensive trade margins. Quantitatively, the extended model predicts that a one standard deviation increase in RERU generates a drop in total exports of around 6%, consistent with the aggregate findings. In the third chapter, we use detailed employer-employee data from Spain that goes from 1987 to 2004 to understand how international trade affects the wage distribution across workers. Using a new instrumental variable approach to disentangle trade openness's effects on the distribution of income and wages, we document that an increase in local trade exposure reduces wage inequality. Furthermore, we show that this result is associated with changes at the within-industry and within-firm levels. At the within-industry level, we show that trade openness reallocates workers towards small firms and low-skilled jobs. While at the within-firm level, we find that small firms increase their labor intensity and employment, while larger firms reduce both in response to changes in trade openness. These changes are consistent with an increase in the relative demand for low-wage and low-skill workers"--Pages ix-xi.
Book Synopsis Does Higher Openness Cause More Real Exchange Rate Volatility? by : César Calderón
Download or read book Does Higher Openness Cause More Real Exchange Rate Volatility? written by César Calderón and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "The "New Open Economy Macroeconomics" argues that: (a) non-monetary factors have gained importance in explaining exchange rate volatility, and (b) trade and financial openness may have a potential role of mitigating and/or amplifying real and nominal shocks to real exchange rates. The goal of the present paper is to examine the ability of trade and financial openness to exacerbate or mitigate real exchange rate volatility. The authors collected information on the real effective exchange rate, its fundamentals, and (outcome and policy measures of) trade and financial openness for a sample of industrial and developing countries for the period 1975-2005. Using instrumental variables techniques, the analysis finds that: (a) High real exchange rate volatility is the result of highly volatile productivity shocks, and sharp oscillations in monetary and fiscal policy shocks. (b) Countries more integrated with international markets of goods and services tend to display more stable real exchange rate fluctuations. (c) Financial openness seems to amplify the fluctuations in real exchange rates. (d) The composition of trade and capital flows plays a role in explaining the smoothing properties of trade and financial openness. Although the former is mainly driven by manufacturing trade, the latter depends on the share of debt (and equity) in total foreign liabilities. (e) Financial openness would attenuate (magnify) real exchange rate volatility, the greater the share of equity (debt) in foreign liabilities. (f) The composition of flows also matters for explaining the smoothing properties of trade and financial openness in periods of currency crisis."--World Bank web site.
Book Synopsis Commodity Prices and Markets by : Takatoshi Ito
Download or read book Commodity Prices and Markets written by Takatoshi Ito and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluctuations of commodity prices, most notably of oil, capture considerable attention and have been tied to important economic effects. This book advances our understanding of the consequences of these fluctuations, providing both general analysis and a particular focus on the countries of the Pacific Rim.
Book Synopsis Essays in exchange rate volatility and international trade, exchange rate volatility and stock returns for the United States and Turkey, and political corruption by : Fuat Sekmen
Download or read book Essays in exchange rate volatility and international trade, exchange rate volatility and stock returns for the United States and Turkey, and political corruption written by Fuat Sekmen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays in International Trade, Exchange Rate Volatility and Asset Market Structure by : Anne Marjaana Mikkola
Download or read book Essays in International Trade, Exchange Rate Volatility and Asset Market Structure written by Anne Marjaana Mikkola and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evolution and Performance of Exchange Rate Regimes by : Mr.Kenneth Rogoff
Download or read book Evolution and Performance of Exchange Rate Regimes written by Mr.Kenneth Rogoff and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using recent advances in the classification of exchange rate regimes, this paper finds no support for the popular bipolar view that countries will tend over time to move to the polar extremes of free float or rigid peg. Rather, intermediate regimes have shown remarkable durability. The analysis suggests that as economies mature, the value of exchange rate flexibility rises. For countries at a relatively early stage of financial development and integration, fixed or relatively rigid regimes appear to offer some anti-inflation credibility gain without compromising growth objectives. As countries develop economically and institutionally, there appear to be considerable benefits to more flexible regimes. For developed countries that are not in a currency union, relatively flexible exchange rate regimes appear to offer higher growth without any cost in credibility.
Author :Banco de Pagos Internacionales (Basilea, Suiza). Departamento Monetario y Económico Publisher : ISBN 13 :9789291319626 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (196 download)
Book Synopsis Market Volatility and Foreign Exchange Intervention in EMEs by : Banco de Pagos Internacionales (Basilea, Suiza). Departamento Monetario y Económico
Download or read book Market Volatility and Foreign Exchange Intervention in EMEs written by Banco de Pagos Internacionales (Basilea, Suiza). Departamento Monetario y Económico and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dominant Currency Paradigm: A New Model for Small Open Economies by : Camila Casas
Download or read book Dominant Currency Paradigm: A New Model for Small Open Economies written by Camila Casas and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most trade is invoiced in very few currencies. Despite this, the Mundell-Fleming benchmark and its variants focus on pricing in the producer’s currency or in local currency. We model instead a ‘dominant currency paradigm’ for small open economies characterized by three features: pricing in a dominant currency; pricing complementarities, and imported input use in production. Under this paradigm: (a) the terms-of-trade is stable; (b) dominant currency exchange rate pass-through into export and import prices is high regardless of destination or origin of goods; (c) exchange rate pass-through of non-dominant currencies is small; (d) expenditure switching occurs mostly via imports, driven by the dollar exchange rate while exports respond weakly, if at all; (e) strengthening of the dominant currency relative to non-dominant ones can negatively impact global trade; (f) optimal monetary policy targets deviations from the law of one price arising from dominant currency fluctuations, in addition to the inflation and output gap. Using data from Colombia we document strong support for the dominant currency paradigm.
Book Synopsis Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance by : Charalambos G. Tsangarides
Download or read book Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance written by Charalambos G. Tsangarides and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exchange rate analysis lies at the center of the IMF's surveillance mandate and policy advice, as well as in the design of IMF-supported programs, and IMF staff are called upon to analyze a variety of exchange rate issues in various member countries, both small and large, from the least economically developed to the most advanced, and from those whose currencies circulate only locally to those whose currencies are of global importance. This book provides a sample of the topics the IMF staff typically examine under the broad rubric of exchange rate analysis, encompassing several topics: determination and impact of the real exchange rate, assessing competitiveness and the equilibrium real exchange rate in specific countries or country groups, and considerations in the choice of exchange rate regime.--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Challenges to Globalization by : Robert E. Baldwin
Download or read book Challenges to Globalization written by Robert E. Baldwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People passionately disagree about the nature of the globalization process. The failure of both the 1999 and 2003 World Trade Organization's (WTO) ministerial conferences in Seattle and Cancun, respectively, have highlighted the tensions among official, international organizations like the WTO, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, nongovernmental and private sector organizations, and some developing country governments. These tensions are commonly attributed to longstanding disagreements over such issues as labor rights, environmental standards, and tariff-cutting rules. In addition, developing countries are increasingly resentful of the burdens of adjustment placed on them that they argue are not matched by commensurate commitments from developed countries. Challenges to Globalization evaluates the arguments of pro-globalists and anti-globalists regarding issues such as globalization's relationship to democracy, its impact on the environment and on labor markets including the brain drain, sweat shop labor, wage levels, and changes in production processes, and the associated expansion of trade and its effects on prices. Baldwin, Winters, and the contributors to this volume look at multinational firms, foreign investment, and mergers and acquisitions and present surprising findings that often run counter to the claim that multinational firms primarily seek countries with low wage labor. The book closes with papers on financial opening and on the relationship between international economic policies and national economic growth rates.
Book Synopsis Exchange Rate Volatility, Trade, and Capital Flows Under Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes by : Piet Sercu
Download or read book Exchange Rate Volatility, Trade, and Capital Flows Under Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes written by Piet Sercu and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-06-19 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sercu and Uppal examine volatility of exchange rates in the context of dynamic general equilibrium models.
Book Synopsis Essays on Real Exchange Rates and Exchange Rate Arrangements by : Natalia Golotvina
Download or read book Essays on Real Exchange Rates and Exchange Rate Arrangements written by Natalia Golotvina and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exchange Rate Economics by : Ronald MacDonald
Download or read book Exchange Rate Economics written by Ronald MacDonald and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ''In summary, the book is valuable as a textbook both at the advanced undergraduate level and at the graduate level. It is also very useful for the economist who wants to be brought up-to-date on theoretical and empirical research on exchange rate behaviour.'' ""Journal of International Economics""
Book Synopsis International Financial Integration by : Mr.Gian Milesi-Ferretti
Download or read book International Financial Integration written by Mr.Gian Milesi-Ferretti and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-04-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, the foreign assets and liabilities of advanced economies have grown rapidly relative to GDP, with the increase in gross cross-holdings far exceeding changes in the size of net positions. Moreover, the portfolio equity and FDI categories have grown in importance relative to international debt stocks. This paper describes the broad trends in international financial integration for a sample of industrial countries and seeks to explain the cross-country and time-series variation in the size of international balance sheets. It also examines the behavior of the rates of return on foreign assets and liabilities, relating them to "market" returns.
Download or read book Managing Openness written by Mona Haddad and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global financial crisis triggered a broad reassessment of economic integration policies in developed and developing countries worldwide. The crisis-induced collapse in trade was the sharpest ever since World War II, affecting all countries and all product categories. A huge shock to the trading system, combined with severe macroeconomic instability, makes it natural for policymakers to call into question the basic underlying assumptions of trade liberalization and openness. In particular, outward-oriented or export-led growth strategies are being reassessed as openness is increasingly associated with greater volatility. However, it is crucial not to lose sight of the dynamic benefits that openness can offer. Examples include technology transfer, increased competitive pressure that reduces markups and improves efficiency, and economies of scale. The real question is how to manage outward-oriented strategies so as to maximize the benefits of openness while minimizing risks. This book aims to contribute to this important and ongoing policy debate, bringing together recent empirical work on the trade collapse, its causes and consequences, and the broader trade policy agenda in the post-crisis environment. It addresses critical policy issues revolving around the topic of outward-oriented growth strategy, including policy instruments that help manage risks associated with outward-orientation, lessons learned from the crisis for particular countries and regions, and how emerging trade policy issues such as climate change, commodities, global production networking, and migration affect the prospects for recovery and outward-oriented growth.
