Essays On Decision Making And The Role Of Hunger In Risky Choice Behavior

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Essays on Decision Making and the Role of Hunger in Risky Choice Behavior

Author : Yuval Erez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Decision Making and the Role of Hunger in Risky Choice Behavior by : Yuval Erez

Download or read book Essays on Decision Making and the Role of Hunger in Risky Choice Behavior written by Yuval Erez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision making is an integral part of human life. It encompasses different domains (e.g., risky choice, intertemporal choice, etc.), and is affected by numerous factors (visceral factors, emotions, representations, etc.). Following a thorough review of the evolution of decision making as a field of study, this dissertation studies the effect of experimentally manipulated hunger - a typical drive state - on choices in the context of decision making under risk for both food and money. Using a risky-choice framing task, the effect of hunger was tested to assess its influence on: (a) choice consistency ("rational choice behavior") as reflected by the degree of framing bias exhibited by the participants, (b) risk preferences, and (c) sensitivity to midpoint probabilities. Furthermore, a number of theoretical hypotheses were driven from three distinct models - two traditional dual-system models and fuzzy-trace theory - and compared with participants' actual choice behavior. Results from the experiment show that being in a drive state of hunger increased risk aversion for food and money but did not generate a stronger framing bias, or significantly alter the sensitivity to midpoint probabilities. Particularly, this pattern of risk preferences was robust across both gain and loss-framed decisions. In addition, this work provides some evidence for oversensitivity to midpoint probabilities in the context of risky-choice framing task. These findings pose a challenge to the two traditional dual-system models, contradicting some of their formal predictions, while providing some support to fuzzy-trace theory. Future directions for theoretical research are discussed.

Straight Choices

Author : Ben R. Newell
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317538862
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Straight Choices by : Ben R. Newell

Download or read book Straight Choices written by Ben R. Newell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should I have this medical treatment or that one? Is this computer a better buy than that one? Should I invest in shares or keep my money under the bed? We all face a perplexing array of decisions every day. Thoroughly revised and updated throughout, the new edition of Straight Choices provides an integrative account of the psychology of decision-making, and shows how psychological research can help us understand our uncertain world. Straight Choices emphasises the relationship between learning and decision-making, arguing that the best way to understand how and why decisions are made is in the context of the learning and knowledge acquisition which precedes them, and the feedback which follows. The mechanisms of learning and the structure of environments in which decisions are made are carefully examined to explore their impact on our choices. The authors then consider whether we are all constrained to fall prey to cognitive biases, or whether, with sufficient exposure, we can find optimal decision strategies and improve our decision making. Featuring three completely new chapters, this edition also contains student-friendly overviews and recommended readings in each chapter. It will be of interest to students and researchers in cognitive psychology, behavioral economics, and the decision sciences, as well as anyone interested in the nature of decision making.

Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems

Author : Wayne D. Gray
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195189191
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems by : Wayne D. Gray

Download or read book Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems written by Wayne D. Gray and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of cognitive modeling has progressed beyond modeling cognition in the context of simple laboratory tasks and begun to attack the problem of modeling it in more complex, realistic environments, such as those studied by researchers in the field of human factors. The problems that the cognitive modeling community is tackling focus on modeling certain problems of communication and control that arise when integrating with the external environment factors such as implicit and explicit knowledge, emotion, cognition, and the cognitive system. These problems must be solved in order to produce integrated cognitive models of moderately complex tasks. Architectures of cognition in these tasks focus on the control of a central system, which includes control of the central processor itself, initiation of functional processes, such as visual search and memory retrieval, and harvesting the results of these functional processes. Because the control of the central system is conceptually different from the internal control required by individual functional processes, a complete architecture of cognition must incorporate two types of theories of control: Type 1 theories of the structure, functionality, and operation of the controller, and type 2 theories of the internal control of functional processes, including how and what they communicate to the controller. This book presents the current state of the art for both types of theories, as well as contrasts among current approaches to human-performance models. It will be an important resource for professional and student researchers in cognitive science, cognitive-engineering, and human-factors.Contributors: Kevin A. Gluck, Jerry T. Ball, Michael A. Krusmark, Richard W. Pew, Chris R. Sims, Vladislav D. Veksler, John R. Anderson, Ron Sun, Nicholas L. Cassimatis, Randy J. Brou, Andrew D. Egerton, Stephanie M. Doane, Christopher W. Myers, Hansjorg Neth, Jeremy M Wolfe, Marc Pomplun, Ronald A. Rensink, Hansjorg Neth, Chris R. Sims, Peter M. Todd, Lael J. Schooler, Wai-Tat Fu, Michael C. Mozer, Sachiko Kinoshita, Michael Shettel, Alex Kirlik, Vladislav D. Veksler, Michael J. Schoelles, Jerome R. Busemeyer, Eric Dimperio, Ryan K. Jessup, Jonathan Gratch, Stacy Marsella, Glenn Gunzelmann, Kevin A. Gluck, Scott Price, Hans P. A. Van Dongen, David F. Dinges, Frank E. Ritter, Andrew L. Reifers, Laura Cousino Klein, Michael J. Schoelles, Eva Hudlicka, Hansjorg Neth, Christopher W. Myers, Dana Ballard, Nathan Sprague, Laurence T. Maloney, Julia Trommershauser, Michael S. Landy, A. Hornof, Michael J. Schoelles, David Kieras, Dario D. Salvucci, Niels Taatgen, Erik M. Altmann, Richard A. Carlson, Andrew Howes, Richard L. Lewis, Alonso Vera, Richard P. Cooper, and Michael D. Byrne

World Development Report 1978

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821372823
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis World Development Report 1978 by :

Download or read book World Development Report 1978 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1978 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first report deals with some of the major development issues confronting the developing countries and explores the relationship of the major trends in the international economy to them. It is designed to help clarify some of the linkages between the international economy and domestic strategies in the developing countries against the background of growing interdependence and increasing complexity in the world economy. It assesses the prospects for progress in accelerating growth and alleviating poverty, and identifies some of the major policy issues which will affect these prospects.

Three Essays on Asset Pricing, Portfolio Choice and Behavioral Finance

Author : Ehud Peleg
Publisher : ProQuest
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on Asset Pricing, Portfolio Choice and Behavioral Finance by : Ehud Peleg

Download or read book Three Essays on Asset Pricing, Portfolio Choice and Behavioral Finance written by Ehud Peleg and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Judgment Misguided

Author : Jonathan Baron
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195111087
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Judgment Misguided by : Jonathan Baron

Download or read book Judgment Misguided written by Jonathan Baron and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People often follow intuitive principles of decision making, ranging from group loyalty to the belief that nature is benign. But instead of using these principles as rules of thumb, we often treat them as absolutes and ignore the consequences of following them blindly. In Judgment Misguided, Jonathan Baron explores our well-meant and deeply felt personal intuitions about what is right and wrong, and how they affect the public domain. Baron argues that when these intuitions are valued in their own right, rather than as a means to another end, they often prevent us from achieving the results we want. Focusing on cases where our intuitive principles take over public decision making, the book examines some of our most common intuitions and the ways they can be misused. According to Baron, we can avoid these problems by paying more attention to the effects of our decisions. Written in a accessible style, the book is filled with compelling case studies, such as abortion, nuclear power, immigration, and the decline of the Atlantic fishery, among others, which illustrate a range of intuitions and how they impede the public's best interests. Judgment Misguided will be important reading for those involved in public decision making, and researchers and students in psychology and the social sciences, as well as everyone looking for insight into the decisions that affect us all.

Straight Choices

Author : Ben R. Newell
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135420238
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (354 download)

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Book Synopsis Straight Choices by : Ben R. Newell

Download or read book Straight Choices written by Ben R. Newell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We all face a perplexing array of decisions every day. Straight Choices provides an integrative account of the psychology of decision making, in which clear connections are made between empirical results and how these results can help us to understand our uncertain world. Throughout the text, there is an emphasis on the relationship between learning and decision making. The authors argue that the best way to understand how and why decisions are made is in the context of the learning and knowledge acquisition that precedes them and the feedback that follows them. The mechanisms of learning and the structure of environments in which decisions are made are carefully examined to explore the ways in which they act on our choices. From this, the authors go on to consider whether we are all constrained to fall prey to biases or whether with sufficient exposure can we find optimal decision strategies and improve our decision making. This novel approach integrates findings from the decision and learning literatures to provide a unique perspective on the psychology of decision making. It will be of interest to researchers and students in cognitive psychology, as well as researchers in economics and philosophy interested in the nature of decision making.

Policy and Choice

Author : William J. Congdon
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815704984
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Policy and Choice by : William J. Congdon

Download or read book Policy and Choice written by William J. Congdon and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that public finance--the study of the government's role in economics--should incorporate principles from behavior economics and other branches of psychology.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

A Course in Behavioral Economics

Author : Erik Angner
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350306118
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis A Course in Behavioral Economics by : Erik Angner

Download or read book A Course in Behavioral Economics written by Erik Angner and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-27 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook looks at decisions – how we make them, and what makes them good or bad. In this bestselling introduction, Erik Angner clearly lays out the theory of behavioral economics and explains the intuitions behind it. The book offers a rich tapestry of examples, exercises, and problems drawn from fields such as economics, management, marketing, political science, and public policy. It shows how to apply the principles of behavioral economics to improve your life and work – and to make the world a better place to boot. No advanced mathematics is required. This is an ideal textbook for students coming to behavioral economics from various fields. It can be used on its own in introductory courses, or in combination with other texts at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It is equally suitable for general readers who have been captivated by popular-science books on behavioral economics and want to know more about this intriguing subject. New to this Edition: - An updated chapter on behavioral policy and the nudge agenda. - Several new sections, for example on the economics of happiness. - Updated examples and exercises, with an expanded answer key - Refreshed ancillary resources make for a plug and play experience for instructors teaching behavioral economics for the first time.

Social Influences on Eating

Author : C. Peter Herman
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303028817X
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Influences on Eating by : C. Peter Herman

Download or read book Social Influences on Eating written by C. Peter Herman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how the social environment affects food choices and intake, and documents the extent to which people are unaware of the significant impact of social factors on their eating. The authors take a unique approach to studying eating behaviors in ordinary circumstances, presenting a theory of normal eating that highlights social influences independent of physiological and taste factors. Among the topics discussed: Modeling of food intake and food choice Consumption stereotypes and impression management Research design, methodology, and ethics of studying eating behaviors What happens when we overeat? Effects of social eating Social Influences on Eating is a useful reference for psychologists and researchers studying food and nutritional psychology, challenging commonly held assumptions about the dynamics of food choice and intake in order to promote a better understanding of the power of social influence on all forms of behavior.

Behave

Author : Robert M. Sapolsky
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0143110918
Total Pages : 801 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Behave by : Robert M. Sapolsky

Download or read book Behave written by Robert M. Sapolsky and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York Times bestseller • Winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize • One of the Washington Post's 10 Best Books of the Year “It’s no exaggeration to say that Behave is one of the best nonfiction books I’ve ever read.” —David P. Barash, The Wall Street Journal "It has my vote for science book of the year.” —Parul Sehgal, The New York Times "Immensely readable, often hilarious...Hands-down one of the best books I’ve read in years. I loved it." —Dina Temple-Raston, The Washington Post From the bestselling author of A Primate's Memoir and the forthcoming Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will comes a landmark, genre-defining examination of human behavior and an answer to the question: Why do we do the things we do? Behave is one of the most dazzling tours d’horizon of the science of human behavior ever attempted. Moving across a range of disciplines, Sapolsky—a neuroscientist and primatologist—uncovers the hidden story of our actions. Undertaking some of our thorniest questions relating to tribalism and xenophobia, hierarchy and competition, and war and peace, Behave is a towering achievement—a majestic synthesis of cutting-edge research and a heroic exploration of why we ultimately do the things we do . . . for good and for ill.

Advances in Behavioral Economics and Finance Leadership

Author : Julia Puaschunder
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031157109
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Behavioral Economics and Finance Leadership by : Julia Puaschunder

Download or read book Advances in Behavioral Economics and Finance Leadership written by Julia Puaschunder and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-22 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores human decision-making heuristics. The monograph studies how nudging and winking can help citizens to make rational choices and governments to create choice architectures that aid in stabilizing markets and flourishing society. By applying the behavioral economics approach to political outcomes, it demonstrates how economics can be employed for personal benefits but also foster the greater societal good. A review of the current literature on human decision-making advantages and failures in Europe and North America opens the book. A wide range of nudges and winks is presented that aid to curb the harmful consequences of human decision-making fallibility. Awareness of mental heuristics and biases in the finance domain is strengthened in order to understand how to nudge people to benefit from economic markets but also help governments to stabilize economies in providing strategic market communication. The author also proposes concrete leadership and followership directives on nudging in the digital age. This book appeals to scholars and policy makers interested in rational decision-making. The behavioral perspective features the strategic use of nudging and winking in the digital age. The second revised and expanded edition offers the newest insights on behavioral e-Economics and the latest developments regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. It covers topics such as the role of social media in finance and discrimination in searchplace competition. It also offers new insights on strategic leadership and smart followership directives to successfully navigate through complex and fast-paced e-architectures.

Migration Decision Making

Author : Gordon F. De Jong
Publisher : Pergamon
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Migration Decision Making by : Gordon F. De Jong

Download or read book Migration Decision Making written by Gordon F. De Jong and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1981 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference report on factors involved in migration decision making - discusses motivations, economic models incorporating macro- and microlevel influences, development paradigm in relation to developing countries, relevance of village-community social structure, family structure and social psychological considerations, and indicates implications for migration policies. Bibliography pp. 329 to 381, flow charts and graphs. Conference held in Honolulu 1979 Jun 11 to Jul 6.

Cumulated Index Medicus

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1900 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Cumulated Index Medicus by :

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 1900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists by :

Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1972-09 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.

Parenting Matters

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309388570
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Parenting Matters by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.