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Equity Valuation Using Multiples
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Book Synopsis Equity Valuation Using Multiples by : Andreas Schreiner
Download or read book Equity Valuation Using Multiples written by Andreas Schreiner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-15 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Andreas Schreiner examines the role of multiples in equity valuation. He transforms the standard multiples valuation method into a comprehensive framework for using multiples in valuation practice, which corresponds to economic theory and is consistent with the results of a broad empirical study of European and U.S. equity markets.
Book Synopsis Equity Valuation Using Multiples by : Jing Liu
Download or read book Equity Valuation Using Multiples written by Jing Liu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the valuation performance of a comprehensive list of pricing multiples. We find that multiples derived from forward earnings explain stock prices remarkably well for most firms: pricing errors are within 15 percent of stock prices for about half of our sample. In terms of relative performance, the following general rankings are observed: 1) forward earnings measures, 2) historical earnings measures, 3) cash flow measures and book value of equity (tied), and 4) sales. Contrary to the popular view that different industries have different ?best? multiples, we find that these overall rankings are observed consistently for almost all industries examined. Adjusting the ratio formulation typically followed in practice to allow for an intercept offers some improvement, especially for multiples that perform poorly. No improvement is observed, however, when we consider more complex measures of intrinsic value based on short-cut residual income models (where forward earnings are combined with book values, estimated discount rates, and generic terminal value estimates).
Book Synopsis Damodaran on Valuation by : Aswath Damodaran
Download or read book Damodaran on Valuation written by Aswath Damodaran and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-08 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Aswath Damodaran is simply the best valuation teacher around. If you are interested in the theory or practice of valuation, you should have Damodaran on Valuation on your bookshelf. You can bet that I do." -- Michael J. Mauboussin, Chief Investment Strategist, Legg Mason Capital Management and author of More Than You Know: Finding Financial Wisdom in Unconventional Places In order to be a successful CEO, corporate strategist, or analyst, understanding the valuation process is a necessity. The second edition of Damodaran on Valuation stands out as the most reliable book for answering many of today?s critical valuation questions. Completely revised and updated, this edition is the ideal book on valuation for CEOs and corporate strategists. You'll gain an understanding of the vitality of today?s valuation models and develop the acumen needed for the most complex and subtle valuation scenarios you will face.
Book Synopsis Valuation Approaches and Metrics by : Aswath Damodaran
Download or read book Valuation Approaches and Metrics written by Aswath Damodaran and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2005 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Valuation lies at the heart of much of what we do in finance, whether it is the study of market efficiency and questions about corporate governance or the comparison of different investment decision rules in capital budgeting. In this paper, we consider the theory and evidence on valuation approaches. We begin by surveying the literature on discounted cash flow valuation models, ranging from the first mentions of the dividend discount model to value stocks to the use of excess return models in more recent years. In the second part of the paper, we examine relative valuation models and, in particular, the use of multiples and comparables in valuation and evaluate whether relative valuation models yield more or less precise estimates of value than discounted cash flow models. In the final part of the paper, we set the stage for further research in valuation by noting the estimation challenges we face as companies globalize and become exposed to risk in multiple countries.
Book Synopsis The Market Approach to Valuing Businesses by : Shannon P. Pratt
Download or read book The Market Approach to Valuing Businesses written by Shannon P. Pratt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-02-22 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Your Best Approach to Determining Value If you're buying, selling, or valuing a business, how can you determine its true value? By basing it on present market conditions and sales of similar businesses. The market approach is the premier way to determine the value of a business or partnership. With convincing evidence of value for both buyers and sellers, it can end stalemates and get deals closed. Acclaimed for its empirical basis and objectivity, this approach is the model most favored by the IRS and the United States Tax Court-as long as it's properly implemented. Shannon Pratt's The Market Approach to Valuing Businesses, Second Edition provides a wealth of proven guidelines and resources for effective market approach implementation. You'll find information on valuing and its applications, case studies on small and midsize businesses, and a detailed analysis of the latest market approach developments, as well as: A critique of US acquisitions over the last twenty-five years An analysis of the effect of size on value Common errors in applying the market approach Court reactions to the market approach and information to help you avoid being blindsided by a litigation opponent Must reading for anyone who owns or holds a partial interest in a small or large business or a professional practice, as well as for CPAs consulting on valuations, appraisers, corporate development officers, intermediaries, and venture capitalists, The Market Approach to Valuing Businesses will show you how to successfully reach a fair agreement-one that will satisfy both buyers and sellers and stand up to scrutiny by courts and the IRS.
Book Synopsis Equity Valuation: Science, Art, or Craft? by : Frank J. Fabozzi
Download or read book Equity Valuation: Science, Art, or Craft? written by Frank J. Fabozzi and published by CFA Institute Research Foundation. This book was released on 2017-12-27 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The price at which a stock is traded in the market reflects the ability of the firm to generate cash flow and the risks associated with generating the expected future cash flows. The authors point to the limits of widely used valuation techniques. The most important of these limits is the inability to forecast cash flows and to determine the appropriate discount rate. Another important limit is the inability to determine absolute value. Widely used valuation techniques such as market multiples - the price-to-earnings ratio, firm value multiples or a use of multiple ratios, for example - capture only relative value, that is, the value of a firm's stocks related to the value of comparable firms (assuming that comparable firms can be identified). The study underlines additional problems when it comes to valuing IPOs and private equity: Both are sensitive to the timing of the offer, suffer from information asymmetry, and are more subject to behavioral elements than is the case for shares of listed firms. In the case of IPOs in particular, the authors discuss how communication strategies and media hype play an important role in the IPO valuation/pricing process.
Book Synopsis New Insights Into Equity Valuation Using Multiples by : Jian Kang
Download or read book New Insights Into Equity Valuation Using Multiples written by Jian Kang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Banking Industry Guide: Key Insights for Investment Professionals by : Ryan C. Fuhrmann
Download or read book The Banking Industry Guide: Key Insights for Investment Professionals written by Ryan C. Fuhrmann and published by CFA Institute. This book was released on 2017 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Valuation for M&A by : Chris M. Mellen
Download or read book Valuation for M&A written by Chris M. Mellen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the tools necessary to determine what your company's value is, what drives its value, and how to enhance that value during an M&A transaction. The only book to focus on valuation specifically for mergers and acquisitions, Valuation For M&A: Building Value in Private Companies, Second Edition lays out the steps for measuring and managing value creation in privately held businesses. This groundbreaking work led directly to authors Chris M. Mellen and Franck C. Evans being named the joint 2010 AM&AA Middle Market Thought Leader of the Year by the Alliance of Merger & Acquisition Advisors, and its thorough overview of the subject: Recognizes a company as an investment and explains how to manage that value to maximize shareholder returns, focusing on returns, risks, and capital invested Explains investment or strategic value versus fair market value and provides a document request checklist; sample interview questions; and formats for adjusting financial statements, developing discount rates, the computation of net cash flow; and a valuation reconciliation form Includes a comprehensive case study to illustrate concepts and calculations Now covers fair value accounting and the impact of SFAS Nos. 141, 142, and 157 and their IFRS counterparts, intangible asset valuation techniques, exit planning, international M&As, and venture backed/early stage companies Showing corporate executives as well as M&A professionals and business appraisers how to value privately-held businesses for merger and acquisition purposes, this book helps investors, executives, and their advisors determine the optimum strategy to enhance both market value and strategic value to maximize return on investment.
Book Synopsis Equity Asset Valuation by : Jerald E. Pinto
Download or read book Equity Asset Valuation written by Jerald E. Pinto and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Navigate equity investments and asset valuation with confidence Equity Asset Valuation, Third Edition blends theory and practice to paint an accurate, informative picture of the equity asset world. The most comprehensive resource on the market, this text supplements your studies for the third step in the three-level CFA certification program by integrating both accounting and finance concepts to explore a collection of valuation models and challenge you to determine which models are most appropriate for certain companies and circumstances. Detailed learning outcome statements help you navigate your way through the content, which covers a wide range of topics, including how an analyst approaches the equity valuation process, the basic DDM, the derivation of the required rate of return within the context of Markowitz and Sharpe's modern portfolio theory, and more. Equity investments encompass the buying and holding of shares of stock in the anticipation of collecting income from dividends and capital gains. Determining which shares will be profitable is key, and an array of valuation techniques is applied on today's market to decide which stocks are ripe for investment and which are best left out of your portfolio. Access the most comprehensive equity asset valuation text on the market Leverage detailed learning outcome statements that focus your attention on key concepts, and guide you in applying the material accurately and effectively Explore a wide range of essential topics, such as the free cash flow approach, valuation using Graham and Dodd type concepts of earning power, associated market multiples, and residual income models Improve your study efforts by leveraging the text during your CFA certification program prep Equity Asset Valuation, Third Edition is a comprehensive, updated text that guides you through the information you need to know to fully understand the general analysis of equity investments.
Book Synopsis Optimal Equity Valuation Using Multiples by : Ian A. Cooper
Download or read book Optimal Equity Valuation Using Multiples written by Ian A. Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine how the accuracy of a multiples-based valuation changes as the number of comparable firms used to estimate the valuation multiple increases. Our research is motivated by a contrast between the approach followed by practitioners, who typically use a small number of closely comparable firms, and the academic literature which often uses all firms in an industry. Using a simple selection rule based on growth rates, we find that using ten closely comparable firms is as accurate on average as using the entire cross-section of firms in an industry. Using five comparable firms is slightly less accurate. However, the loss of accuracy from using five comparable firms rather than ten firms or the entire industry is not great. The relative accuracy of a valuation based on five comparables does not vary in a predicable way across industries, except that it is generally better to use a small number rather than all firms in an industry with a large number of members. However, the relative accuracy of a valuation based on a small number of comparables does depend heavily on the similarity of the comparable firms to the target firm. If there are firms in the same industry with growth rates close to that of the target firm, then it is better to use a small number of comparables. Adding more firms simply adds noise, on average.
Book Synopsis Equity Valuation Using Multiples by : Stefan Henschke
Download or read book Equity Valuation Using Multiples written by Stefan Henschke and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study addresses the problem of differences between firms and the impact on valuations based on multiples. We investigate the extent to which industry-based multiples ignore additional firm-specific information and develop measures for identifying peer groups that are not comparable with the target firm. Additionally, we compare the performance of different methods that control for differences between firms. We find that differences between firms lead to systematic errors in the value estimates of different multiples. These errors are consistent with our hypotheses, statistically significant, economically substantial, consistent between different value drivers and robust over time. We find that these errors can be predicted very accurately by comparing the financial ratios of the target firm with the financial ratios of its peer group. We show that when adequately controlling for differences between firms, valuation accuracy is improved substantially and all considered value drivers perform almost equally well.
Book Synopsis The Market Approach to Comparable Company Valuation by : Matthias Meitner
Download or read book The Market Approach to Comparable Company Valuation written by Matthias Meitner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-18 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate valuation using multiples is one of the most popular corporate valuation approaches. In this book, the different steps of this valuation approach such as the selection of comparable companies or the choice of the reference variables are discussed. Then, the circumstances required for a sound valuation (e.g., the degree of efficiency of the equity market) are described. Additionally, the book gives insight on how the state of the industry and/or the company has an impact on the proper choice of the reference variables. Finally, it is shown how multi-factor models can enrich the universe of valuation models. While always maintaining the academic rigor, the author addresses practice-relevant topics and delivers hands-on solutions for typical valuation problems.
Book Synopsis Addressing Puzzle About Equity Valuation Using Multiples by : Ja Ryong Kim
Download or read book Addressing Puzzle About Equity Valuation Using Multiples written by Ja Ryong Kim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Liu, Nissim and Thomas (LNT, 2002), researchers have been perplexed by how simple earnings forecasts using multiples, apparently outperform the theory-based residual income model in terms of pricing error. This paper explains mathematically how LNT (2002) find this curious result and demonstrates that, in terms of pricing error, the majority of residual income models in fact outperform earnings forecasts using multiples. The explanation for the LNT (2002) result is in their selection of comparators: they choose residual income models that perform the worst among residual income models, and compare them with the best performing multiples. In terms of future return generation, this paper reports that the majority of residual income models again outperform earnings forecasts using multiples, further supporting the superiority of theory-based valuation models to rule-of-thumb based models in price estimation and future return generation. The paper resolves a decade-old puzzle in equity valuation and demonstrates that theory-based valuation models are empirically superior to rule-of-thumb based valuation models.
Book Synopsis The Little Book of Valuation by : Aswath Damodaran
Download or read book The Little Book of Valuation written by Aswath Damodaran and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-29 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible, and intuitive, guide to stock valuation Valuation is at the heart of any investment decision, whether that decision is to buy, sell, or hold. In The Little Book of Valuation, expert Aswath Damodaran explains the techniques in language that any investors can understand, so you can make better investment decisions when reviewing stock research reports and engaging in independent efforts to value and pick stocks. Page by page, Damodaran distills the fundamentals of valuation, without glossing over or ignoring key concepts, and develops models that you can easily understand and use. Along the way, he covers various valuation approaches from intrinsic or discounted cash flow valuation and multiples or relative valuation to some elements of real option valuation. Includes case studies and examples that will help build your valuation skills Written by Aswath Damodaran, one of today's most respected valuation experts Includes an accompanying iPhone application (iVal) that makes the lessons of the book immediately useable Written with the individual investor in mind, this reliable guide will not only help you value a company quickly, but will also help you make sense of valuations done by others or found in comprehensive equity research reports.
Book Synopsis Valuation Using Multiples by : Pablo Fernandez
Download or read book Valuation Using Multiples written by Pablo Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper focuses on equity valuation using multiples. Our basic conclusion is that multiples nearly always have broad dispersion, which is why valuations performed using multiples may be highly debatable. We revise the 14 most popular multiples and deal with the problem of using multiples for valuation: their dispersion. 1,200 multiples from 175 companies illustrate the dispersion of multiples of European utilities, English utilities, European constructors, hotel companies, telecommunications, banks and Internet companies. lt;brgt;lt;brgt;We also show that PER, EBITDA and Profit after Tax (the most commonly used parameters for multiples) were more volatile than equity value.lt;brgt;lt;brgt;We also provide additional evidence of the analysts' recommendations for Spanish companies: less than 15% of the recommendations are to sell. lt;brgt;lt;brgt;However, multiples are useful in a second stage of the valuation: after performing the valuation using another method, a comparison with the multiples of comparable firms enables us to gauge the valuation performed and identify differences between the firm valued and the firms it is compared with.
Download or read book Price and Value written by George Calhoun and published by Apress. This book was released on 2020-02-03 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand how to use equity market metrics such as the price/earnings ratio (and other multiples) to value public and private enterprises. This essential book gives you the tools you need to identify and qualify investments and assess business strategy and performance. Author George Calhoun, Founding Director of the Quantitative Finance Program at Stevens Institute of Technology, shows you how to use metrics to appraise mergers, acquisitions, and spin-offs. You will be able to shed light on financial market conditions, benchmark fair value assessments, and check and calibrate complex cash flow models. Market multiples share a peculiar construction: they are based on an explicit apples-to-oranges comparison of market prices with accounting fundamentals, combining data derived from two very different sources and methodologies. This creates ambiguities in interpretation that can complicate the application of these metrics for the many purposes. Multiples are thus easy to construct, but they can be difficult to interpret. The meanings of certain multiples have evolved over time, and new-and-improved versions have been introduced. The field is becoming more complex and the question of which metrics perform best can be a source of controversy. What You Will Learn Know the definitions, interpretations, and applications of all major market ratios, including: price/earnings (trailing and forward), cyclically adjusted price/earnings, cash-adjusted price/earnings, EV/EBITDA, price/sales, dividend yield, and many moreExamine the factors that drive the values of ratios from firm level (such as earnings growth, leverage, and governance) to market level (such as inflation, tax and fiscal policy, monetary policy, and international characteristics)Apply metrics in: investment analysis, index construction, factor models, sum-of-the-parts analysis of corporate structures, and detection of asset bubbles Who This Book Is For Professionals at all levels working in the finance industry, especially in fields related to investment management, trading, and investment banking who are involved with valuation and assessing and advising on corporate transactions and interpreting market trends, and university students in finance-related programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels
