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Enhanced Equipment For Acoustic Detection Of Buried Landmines
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Book Synopsis Enhanced Equipment for Acoustic Detection of Buried Landmines by :
Download or read book Enhanced Equipment for Acoustic Detection of Buried Landmines written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using funds provided by the Office of Naval Research, the University of Mississippi purchased three new laser Doppler vibrometers (LDVs) and upgraded an existing LDV for use in acoustic landmine detection research.
Download or read book Beheers de groei written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis False Indicators to Acoustic-To-Seismic Buried Landmine Detection by :
Download or read book False Indicators to Acoustic-To-Seismic Buried Landmine Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of relatively cheap landmines in many of the world's conflicts has led to a critical situation. Most methods of locating landmines trigger on too many false alarms must each be investigated before declaring an area to be clear of mines. This led to the need for an accurate means of detection coupled with a low false alarm rate. The University of Mississippi has developed an acoustic/seismic technique to meet this need. In 2002, the Office of Naval Research issued Grant N00014-02-1-0878 to conduct research to better understand the causes of false alarms using this method and to develop methods to significantly reduce them. This report discusses the significant research advances including a clearer understanding of the phenomenology underlying the technology, development of models, and signal processing techniques to reduce false alarms.
Book Synopsis Alternatives for Landmine Detection by : Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson
Download or read book Alternatives for Landmine Detection written by Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the rate that government and nongovernmental organizations are clearing existing landmines, it will take 450-500 years to rid the world of them. Concerned about the slow pace of demining, the Office of Science and Technology asked RAND to assess potential innovative technologies being explored and to project what funding would be required to foster the development of the more promising ones. The authors of this report suggest that the federal government undertake a research and development effort to develop a multisensor mine detection system over the next five to eight years.
Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Acoustic Landmine Detection by :
Download or read book Advances in Acoustic Landmine Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phenomenon of the acoustic-to-seismic (A/S) coupling of airborne sound into the ground for buried anti-personnel and anti-tank landmine detection is well established [J.M. Sabatier and N. Xiang, IEEE Trans. on Geoscience & Remote Sensing, 39, pp 1146-1154 (2001); N. Xiang and J.M. Sabatier, J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 113, pp. 1333-1341 (2003)]. A sound source is used to insonify the ground surface. The airborne sound couples into the soil and excites the vibrational energy of the soil matrix. An anomaly in the vibrational energy occurs on the ground surface in a region very near a buried landmine. This anomaly can be detected with a vibration sensor. This paper will discuss vibration sensors that are currently being used to measure the vibrations due to the presence of a buried landmine. These instruments include a geophone, laser, ultrasonic and radar Doppler vibrometers, and a whole field optical sensor. The detection ability of fused sensors comprised of the A/S laser Doppler vibrometer based sensor and a ground penetrating synthetic aperture radar is also being investigated. Researchers at the University of Mississippi, Planning Systems Incorporated, and MetroLaser, Inc. are investigating all of the vibration sensors described above. This paper will present results of this research.
Book Synopsis A Mathematical Model for the Acoustic and Seismic Properties of the Landmine Detection Problem by : Michelle Beatrice Mattingly
Download or read book A Mathematical Model for the Acoustic and Seismic Properties of the Landmine Detection Problem written by Michelle Beatrice Mattingly and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Acoustic Landmine Detection by : Sean Andrew Genis
Download or read book Nonlinear Acoustic Landmine Detection written by Sean Andrew Genis and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acoustic-to-seismic (A/S) coupling involving airborne sound is used to generate soil vibrations that interact with the top plate of a buried landmine. Due to scattering, the interaction at the soil-mine interface produces an enhanced and strongly nonlinear soil surface vibration directly over the buried landmine. Resonant tuning curves of the soil-mine system show that the nonlinear behavior observed near resonance for "on the mine" locations is considerably stronger that that seen "off the mine." This suggests that some false alarms due to the resonant effects of the ground's natural layering may be eliminated by comparing the frequency softening in resonant tuning curves between "off" and "on target" locations. Experiments with the soil-mass oscillator (SMO) apparatus show that the nonlinear acoustic landmine detection problem involves mesoscopic nanoscale nonlinear elastic behavior. Resonant tuning curves have linear backbones, a behavior also characteristic of certain geomaterials (sandstone). Elasto-slip (Iwan 1966) and LISA (Scalerandi et al 2002) models of hysteresis are used to explain this phenomenon. The soil-mine interface, which is modeled using a soil-plate oscillator (SPO) apparatus, is extremely nonlinear. The SPO is excited using both acoustic and electromagnetic means. A/S coupling experiments are employed to simultaneously measure vibrations at the underside of a buried clamped plate and the soil surface. Electrodynamic experiments determine the motional impedance of a combined soil-plate system. At large drive amplitudes, the backbone curves obtained from the SPO exhibit more complicated behavior, which is described using a bilinear hysteresis model (Caughey 1966). Nonlinear acoustic landmine detection experiments are performed in the anechoic chamber facility using both a buried acrylic drum-like mine simulant and a VS 1.6 plastic anti-tank landmine. Using an automated laser Doppler vibrometer, soil surface vibraions are profiled as a function of scan position. Elements of both the elasto-slip and bilinear hysteresis models appear in these experiments.
Book Synopsis 2003 Assessment of the Office of Naval Research's Marine Corps Science and Technology Program by : National Research Council
Download or read book 2003 Assessment of the Office of Naval Research's Marine Corps Science and Technology Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Office of Naval Research (ONR) funds research across a broad range of scientific and engineering disciplines in support of the Navy and Marine Corps. To ensure that its investments are serving those ends and are of high quality, ONR requires each of its departments to undergo annual review. Since 1999, the Naval Expeditionary Warfare Department of ONR has requested that the NRC conduct these reviews. This report presents the results of the second review of the Marine Corps Science and Technology program. The first review was conducted in 2000. The 2003 assessment examines the overall Marine Corps S&T program, the littoral combat future naval capability, the core thrusts of the program, and basic research activities.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Acoustic Techniques for Land Mine Detection by :
Download or read book Nonlinear Acoustic Techniques for Land Mine Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When airborne sound couples into the ground seismic waves can interact with a target buried in the soil and effect the vibration velocity of the surface. Acoustic-to-seismic coupling (using linear acoustic techniques) has proven to be an extremely accurate technology for locating buried land mines [J.M. Sabatier and N. Xiang, IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing 39, 1146-1154 (2001)] . Donskoy [SPIE Proceedings 3392, 211-217 (1998); 3710, 239-246 (1999)] has suggested a nonlinear technique that can detect an acoustically compliant buried mine that is insensitive to relatively noncompliant targets. (Utilizing both techniques could eliminate certain types of false alarms.) Airborne sound at two primary frequencies f1 and f2 undergo acoustic-to-seismic coupling and a superimposed seismic wave interacts with the compliant mine and soil to generate a difference frequency component that can effect the vibration velocity at the surface. Geophone measurements scanning the soil's surface at the difference frequency (chosen at a resonance) profile the mine with more relative sensitivity than the linear profiles - but off the mine some nonlinearity exists. Amplitude dependent frequency response curves for a harmonically driven mass-soil oscillator are used to find the nonlinearity of the soil acting as a "soft" spring. Donskoy's nonlinear mechanism (over the mine) involves a simple model of the top surface of the mine-soil planar surface separating two elastic surfaces. During the compression phase of the wave, the surfaces stay together and then separate under the tensile phase due to a relatively high compliance of the mine. This "bouncing" soil-mine interface is thought to be a bi-modular oscillator that is inherently nonlinear.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Acoustical Detection of Buried Landmines Using Pulsed Standoff Excitation by : Benjamin Joseph Copenhaver
Download or read book Nonlinear Acoustical Detection of Buried Landmines Using Pulsed Standoff Excitation written by Benjamin Joseph Copenhaver and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To help resolve certain practical issues with acoustical methods for landmine detection, experiments were performed using a pulsed, standoff source consisting of sixteen speakers mounted on a circular arc. This source, as well as a pair of 18-inch subwoofers, were used separately for acoustical excitation of the buried mine, and the response of the target site was examined as a function of source frequency, sound pressure level, and excitation signal type, with a particular focus on multitone signals. In addition, modeling was undertaken to investigate the effects of nonlinearity, including bimodular nonlinearity, on frequency generation. A numerical, time-domain solution based on a lumped-element model proposed by Donskoy et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 690 (2005)] was developed and used to simulate pulsed excitation and the effects of bimodular nonlinearity, which allowed experimentally observed spectra to be compared with modeled results.
Download or read book Soil Magnetism written by Neli Jordanova and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Magnetism: Applications in Pedology, Environmental Science and Agriculture provides a systematic, comparative, and detailed overview of the magnetic characterization of the major soil units and the observed general relationships, possibilities, and perspectives in application of rock magnetic methods in soil science, agriculture, and beyond. Part I covers detailed magnetic and geochemical characterization of major soil types according to the FAO classification system, with Part II covering the mapping of topsoil magnetic signatures on the basis of soil magnetic characteristics. The book concludes with practical examples on the application of magnetic methods in environmental science, agriculture, soil pollution, and paleoclimate. - Provides an overview of the major findings of uncontaminated soil profiles and proposes a system of magnetic characteristics - Elucidates the relationship between geochemical and magnetic characteristics of different soil types, providing a basis for wider recognition and application of soil magnetism in classical pedagogical characterization of soils - Covers the peculiarities of the main taxonomic soil groups in terms of magnetic mineralogy and depth variations in concentration, grain size, and phase composition of iron oxides
Book Synopsis Landmine Detection Using Laser Vibrometry by :
Download or read book Landmine Detection Using Laser Vibrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acoustic Landmine Detection (ALD) using a laser vibrometry was studied using two acoustic ground excitation methods: acoustic (loudspeaker) excitation (AE) and laser excitation (LE). AE is suitable for detecting buried landmines but is a slow technique. A faster AE method based on a CMOS camera was proposed but not studied further. LE is potentially a faster technique but suffers from surface effects. An important surface effect is the relaxation of the surface after the disturbance by the laser excitation pulse. This relaxation lasts for more than 4 ms in the vicinity of the laser-excitation spot. Due to these surface effects, LE does not seem to be a viable technique in combination with laser vibrometry.
Book Synopsis Protocol for Detection and Classification of Buried Landmines Using Infrared Imaging by : Mohammed Hussein Baydoun
Download or read book Protocol for Detection and Classification of Buried Landmines Using Infrared Imaging written by Mohammed Hussein Baydoun and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landmines are a worldwide problem and their detection is an active field of rese arch whether the mines were metallic or not. Infrared imaging is considered as t he best single sensor used to detect shallow buried landmines. The strength of I R imaging is due to the existence of the thermal signature of the buried object at the soil surface due to the different temperature variations induced by burie d objects. We aim at building a protocol for detecting and classifying buried landmines. Fo r this purpose, we apply image processing techniques on IR images due to the the rmal signature property of buried objects in general and landmines in particular . The work focuses on one type of landmines but can be easily extended. In the demining field, it is established that one indicator is not enough but ra ther a system of multiple sensors fused together is a must to achieve a capable system. Thus, the IR imaging system is combined with a direct normal vision algo rithm to remove surface laid objects. Also, it is enhanced using different scena rios that include water spraying with the day and night scenarios. A special setup which consists of a soil bed with different sensors and a weathe r station is prepared to obtain necessary data whether IR images or any variable like specific temperatures or radiations. This is an outdoor but not a field se tup and it is based on an indoor soil bed previously prepared according to (Kabb ani 2005) and (Khalid 2005). The different experimental data is compared with a three dimensional numerical model developed by (Saleh 2004). The three dimension al model is reduced into a one dimensional one for speeding the process and that model is enhanced to match the three dimensional model with a reduction of erro r up to 60%. Furthermore, two databases of synthetic thermal signatures based on the numerica l simulation data are constructed to achieve mine classification. The first data base is small and restricted to the soil type used in experimentation with 240 r ecords while the second one is large and extends to 473 soil types in the vicini ty of the soil type used. Only the small database space is searched using differ ent techniques that include genetic algorithms and neural networks.
Download or read book Program Solicitation written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oceanography and Mine Warfare by : National Research Council
Download or read book Oceanography and Mine Warfare written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-03-07 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental information is important for successful planning and execution of naval operations. A thorough understanding of environmental variability greatly increases the likelihood of mission success. To ensure that naval forces have the most up-to-date capabilities, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) has an extensive environmental research program. This research, to be of greatest use to the warfighter, needs to be directed towards assisting and solving battlefield problems. To increase research community understanding of the operational demands placed on naval operators and to facilitate discussion between these two groups, the National Research Council's (NRC) Ocean Studies Board (OSB), working with ONR and the Office of the Oceanographer of the Navy, convened five previous symposia on tactical oceanography. Oceanography and Mine Warfare examines the following issues: (1) how environmental data are used in current mine warfare doctrine, (2) current procedures for in situ collection of data, (3) the present capabilities of the Navy's oceanographic community to provide supporting information for mine warfare operations, and (4) the ability of oceanographic research and technology developments to enhance current mine warfare capabilities. This report primarily concentrates on the importance of oceanographic data for mine countermeasures.
Book Synopsis Surface Transportation Research and Development Plan by :
Download or read book Surface Transportation Research and Development Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
