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English Merchants In Seventeenth Century Italy
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Author :Gigliola Pagano De Divitiis Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :9780521580311 Total Pages :236 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (83 download)
Book Synopsis English Merchants in Seventeenth-Century Italy by : Gigliola Pagano De Divitiis
Download or read book English Merchants in Seventeenth-Century Italy written by Gigliola Pagano De Divitiis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how England's conquest of Mediterranean trade proved to be the first step in building its future economic and commercial hegemony, and how Italy lay at the heart of that process. In the seventeenth century the Mediterranean was the largest market for the colonial products which were exported by English merchants, as well as being a source of raw materials which were indispensable for the growing and increasingly aggressive domestic textile industry. The new free port of Livorno became the linchpin of English trade with the Mediterranean and, together with ports in southern Italy, formed part of a system which enabled the English merchant fleet to take control of the region's trade from the Italians. In her extensive use of English and Italian archival sources, the author looks well beyond Braudel's influential picture of a Spanish-dominated Mediterranean world. In doing so she demonstrates some of the causes of Italy's decline and its subsequent relegation as a dominant force in world trade.
Book Synopsis English Travellers Abroad, 1604-1667 by : John Stoye
Download or read book English Travellers Abroad, 1604-1667 written by John Stoye and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This delightful book by John Stoye allows us to accompany the seventeenth-century traveler on his journeys into France, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands
Book Synopsis English Trade and Adventure to Russia in the Early Modern Era by : Maria Salomon Arel
Download or read book English Trade and Adventure to Russia in the Early Modern Era written by Maria Salomon Arel and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-04-25 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In English Trade and Adventure to Russia in the Early Modern Era, Maria Salomon Arel revisits Anglo-Russian trade in first half of the seventeenth century. Drawing on largely neglected Russian and English sources, she reconstructs the history of the Muscovy Company in a period of expanding opportunities for foreigners in Russia and of tightening links between regional markets across the globe. In her strongly revisionist telling, the Company successfully rebuilt in the aftermath of the devastating Time of Troubles, securing its uniquely privileged position in the Russian market at the hands of a newly installed tsar and Romanov dynasty keen to revive the country’s decimated economy through the stimulus of foreign trade. Meanwhile, on the London end of a trade clearly deemed relevant to commercial and shipping interests increasingly dependent on Russian naval stores and invested in the Russian re-export trades to and from the Mediterranean and Asia, the Company restructured its organization and finances with crucial royal support in furtherance of the ‘public good’ and early Stuart dynastic honor. As Arel documents, by the 1630s-40s, English trade to Russia was flourishing, as seen in the growing number of Muscovy Company men active all along the Moscow-Archangel route, their substantial commercial infrastructure, extensive supply networks among a broad swath of Russian merchants and traders, and prominent role in the exploitation of monopoly trades established to fill the tsar’s coffers with specie. The picture drawn by Arel overturns a traditional narrative on the Russia trade that has relegated the English to the shadows, demonstrating the tenacity and continued development of their enterprise at the intersection of English commercial expansion, Russian economic growth, and advancing globalization processes. Taking the narrative even further, the book opens up new perspectives and research directions by pointing to an incipient link between the Russian and transatlantic markets, while shifting the lens on the Anglo-Dutch relationship in the Russia trade away from the time-worn dichotomy of cutthroat competition to a more nuanced understanding of mutual cooperation and business association between merchants on the ground, even in the face of commercial and territorial competition between nations.
Book Synopsis Britain and its Neighbours by : Dirk H. Steinforth
Download or read book Britain and its Neighbours written by Dirk H. Steinforth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-17 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Britain and its Neighbours explores instances and periods of cultural contact and exchanges between communities in Britain with those in other parts of Europe between c.500 and 1700. Collectively, the twelve case studies highlight certain aspects of cultural contact and exchange and present neglected factors, previously overlooked evidence, and new methodological approaches. The discussions draw from a broad range of disciplines including archaeology, history, art history, iconography, literature, linguistics, and legal history in order to shine new light on a multi-faceted variety of expressions of the equally diverse and long-standing relations between Britain and its neighbours. Organised chronologically, the volume accentuates the consistency and continuity of social, cultural, and intellectual connections between Britain and Continental Europe in a period that spans over a millennium. With its range of specialised topics, Britain and its Neighbours is a useful resource for undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars interested in cultural and intellectual studies and the history of Britain’s long-standing connections to Europe.
Book Synopsis Politics and Culture in 18th-Century Anglo-Italian Encounters by : Lidia De Michelis
Download or read book Politics and Culture in 18th-Century Anglo-Italian Encounters written by Lidia De Michelis and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection addresses Anglo-Italian influences, correspondences and relationships through the lens of an expansive notion of eighteenth-century political history, explored in its fecund dialogue with cultural history. Its multifaceted approach fleshes out the idea of the Enlightenment community of people linking and sharing different forms and structures of knowledge into a comprehensive picture of the Age of Reason. This book probes fields of great relevance for the cultural interpretation of historical experience, and composes a lively, and as yet unexplored, map of an interconnected European world. Anglo-Italian encounters are explored here primarily through the interweaving of political and cultural history, adding a valuable cog to contemporary insight into the cosmopolitan nature of Enlightenment Europe. The essays here range in scope from the public economy and international trade to finance, moral philosophy, the ethics and politics of translation, travel, the cosmopolitan impact of Italian music and taste, and the art of gardening.
Book Synopsis Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution, 1600-1720 by : Christopher Baker
Download or read book Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution, 1600-1720 written by Christopher Baker and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2002-09-30 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book—the sixth volume in The Great Cultural Eras of the Western World series—provides information on more than 400 individuals who created and played a role in the era's intellectual and cultural activity. The book's focus is on cultural figures—those whose inventions and discoveries contributed to the scientific revolution, those whose line of reasoning contributed to secularism, groundbreaking artists like Rembrandt, lesser known painters, and contributors to art and music. As the momentum of the Renaissance peaked in 1600, the Western World was poised to move from the Early Modern to the Modern Era. The Thirty Years War ended in 1648 and religion was no longer a cause for military conflict. Europe grew more secularized. Organized scientific research led to groundbreaking discoveries, such as the earth's magnetic field, Kepler's first two laws of motion, and the slide rule. In the arts, Baroque painting, music, and literature evolved. A new Europe was emerging. This book is a useful basic reference for students and laymen, with entries specifically designed for ready reference.
Book Synopsis The English Republican Exiles in Europe during the Restoration by : Gaby Mahlberg
Download or read book The English Republican Exiles in Europe during the Restoration written by Gaby Mahlberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a transnational perspective on 17th-century English republicanism, focusing on the lived experiences of English republican exiles.
Book Synopsis APM - Archeologia Postmedievale, 19, 2015 - Gran Bretagna e Italia tra Mediterraneo e Atlantico: Livorno – ‘un porto inglese’ / Italy and Britain between Mediterranean and Atlantic worlds: Leghorn – ‘an English port’ by : Hugo Blake
Download or read book APM - Archeologia Postmedievale, 19, 2015 - Gran Bretagna e Italia tra Mediterraneo e Atlantico: Livorno – ‘un porto inglese’ / Italy and Britain between Mediterranean and Atlantic worlds: Leghorn – ‘an English port’ written by Hugo Blake and published by All’Insegna del Giglio. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Livorno fu una creazione postmedievale di notevole successo. Diventò il più grande porto di transito del Mediterraneo e creò il concetto di porto franco in Europa. Costruita dai Granduchi Medici, prosperò come la più importante base commerciale nel Mediterraneo per i Poteri nord-atlantici. Tra questi il principale fu inglese, la cui Royal Navy garantì il suo successo commerciale e il predominio britannico nel Mediterraneo – un’area che era ancora la fonte di prodotti e beni di lusso e che forniva un mercato popoloso per le manifatture, i metalli, il pesce, le riesportazioni coloniali ed i servizi di trasporto inglesi. Questo volume raccoglie quattordici contributi che danno prove materiali della relazione della Gran Bretagna con Livorno e la Toscana. Livorno was a remarkably successful post-medieval creation, which became the greatest transit port in the Mediterranean and pioneered the concept of the free port in Europe. Built by the Medici Grand Dukes, it prospered as the main commercial base in the Mediterranean for north Atlantic powers. Principal amongst these were the English, whose Royal Navy ensured their commercial success and Britain’s dominance of the Mediterranean – an area which was still the source of luxury produce and goods and provided a populous market for British manufactures, metals, fish, colonial re-exports and shipping. This volume brings together fourteen papers highlighting the material evidence of Britain’s relationship with Livorno and Tuscany.
Book Synopsis Political Economies of Empire in the Early Modern Mediterranean by : Maria Fusaro
Download or read book Political Economies of Empire in the Early Modern Mediterranean written by Maria Fusaro and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the backdrop of England's emergence as a major economic power, the development of early modern capitalism in general and the transformation of the Mediterranean, Maria Fusaro presents a new perspective on the onset of Venetian decline. Examining the significant commercial relationship between these two European empires during the period 1450–1700, Fusaro demonstrates how Venice's social, political and economic circumstances shaped the English mercantile community in unique ways. By focusing on the commercial interaction between Venice and England, she also re-establishes the analysis of the maritime political economy as an essential constituent of the Venetian state political economy. This challenging interpretation of some classic issues of early modern history will be of profound interest to economic, social and legal historians, and provides a stimulating addition to current debates in imperial history, especially on the economic relationship between different empires and the socio-economic interaction between 'rulers and ruled'.
Download or read book Merchants written by Edmond Smith and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WINNER OF THE 2023 RALPH GOMORY BOOK PRIZE "A superb book."--Jerry Brotton "Wonderfully wide-ranging and deeply-researched."--William Dalrymple "Sharply observed, innovatively analysed, and always accessible."--Nandini Das A new history of English trade and empire--revealing how a tightly woven community of merchants was the true origin of globalized Britain In the century following Elizabeth I's rise to the throne, English trade blossomed as thousands of merchants launched ventures across the globe. Through the efforts of these "mere merchants," England developed from a peripheral power on the fringes of Europe to a country at the center of a global commercial web, with interests stretching from Virginia to Ahmadabad and Arkhangelsk to Benin. Edmond Smith traces the lives of English merchants from their earliest steps into business to the heights of their successes. Smith unpicks their behavior, relationships, and experiences, from exporting wool to Russia, importing exotic luxuries from India, and building plantations in America. He reveals that the origins of "global" Britain are found in the stories of these men whose livelihoods depended on their skills, entrepreneurship, and ability to work together to compete in cutthroat international markets. As a community, their efforts would come to revolutionize Britain's relationship with the world.
Book Synopsis Consuming Splendor by : Linda Levy Peck
Download or read book Consuming Splendor written by Linda Levy Peck and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-19 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating study of the ways in which consumption transformed social practices, gender roles, royal policies, and the economy in seventeenth-century England. It reveals for the first time the emergence of consumer society in seventeenth-century England.
Book Synopsis The Impact of the English Civil War on the Economy of London, 1642-50 by : Ben Coates
Download or read book The Impact of the English Civil War on the Economy of London, 1642-50 written by Ben Coates and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Impact of the English Civil War on the Economy of London, 1642-50 examines every sector of London's economy as it changed during the English Civil War. It also looks closely at the impact of war on the major pillars of the London economy, namely London's role in external and internal trade, and manufacturing in London. When the war broke out, London's economy was diverse and dynamic, closely connected through commercial networks with the rest of England and with Europe, Asia and North America. As such it was vulnerable to hostile acts by supporters of the king, both those at large in the country and those within the capital.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Commercial Treaties in the Eighteenth Century by : Antonella Alimento
Download or read book The Politics of Commercial Treaties in the Eighteenth Century written by Antonella Alimento and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first study that analyses bilateral commercial treaties as instruments of peace and trade comparatively and over time. The work focuses on commercial treaties as an index of the challenges of eighteenth-century European politics, shaping a new understanding of these challenges and of how they were confronted at the time in theory and diplomatic practice. From the middle of the seventeenth century to the time of the Napoleonic wars bilateral commercial treaties were concluded not only at the end of large-scale wars accompanying peace settlements, but also independently with the aim to prevent or contain war through controlling the balance of trade between states. Commercial treaties were also understood by major political writers across Europe as practical manifestations of the wider intellectual problem of devising a system of interstate trade in which the principles of reciprocity and equality were combined to produce sustainable peaceful economic development.
Book Synopsis Englishmen at Sea by : Eleanor Hubbard
Download or read book Englishmen at Sea written by Eleanor Hubbard and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A deeply researched, analytically rich, and vivid account of England's early maritime empire Drawing on a wealth of understudied sources, historian Eleanor Hubbard explores the labor conflicts behind the rise of the English maritime empire. Freewheeling Elizabethan privateering attracted thousands of young men to the sea, where they acquired valuable skills and a reputation for ruthlessness. Peace in 1603 forced these predatory seamen to adapt to a radically changed world, one in which they were expected to risk their lives for merchants' gain, not plunder. Merchant trading companies expected sailors to relinquish their unruly ways and to help convince overseas rulers and trading partners that the English were a courteous and trustworthy "nation." Some sailors rebelled, becoming pirates and renegades; others demanded and often received concessions and shares in new trading opportunities. Treated gently by a state that was anxious to promote seafaring in order to man the navy, these determined sailors helped to keep the sea a viable and attractive trade for Englishmen.
Book Synopsis Varieties of Seventeenth- and Early Eighteenth-Century English Radicalism in Context by : David Finnegan
Download or read book Varieties of Seventeenth- and Early Eighteenth-Century English Radicalism in Context written by David Finnegan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-17 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this collection explore a number of significant questions regarding the terms 'radical' and 'radicalism' in early modern English contexts. They investigate whether we can speak of a radical tradition, and whether radicalism was a local, national or transnational phenomenon. In so doing this volume examines the exchange of ideas and texts in the history of supposedly radical events, ideologies and movements (or moments). Once at the cutting edge of academic debate radicalism had, until very recently, fallen prey to historiographical trends as scholars increasingly turned their attention to more mainstream experiences or reactionary forces. While acknowledging the importance of those perspectives, Varieties of seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century English radicalism in context offers a reconsideration of the place of radicalism within the early modern period. It sets out to examine the subject in original and exciting ways by adopting distinctively new and broader perspectives. Among the crucial issues addressed are problems of definition and how meanings can evolve; context; print culture; language and interpretative techniques; literary forms and rhetorical strategies that conveyed, or deliberately disguised, subversive meanings; and the existence of a single, continuous English radical tradition. Taken together the essays in this collection offer a timely reassessment of the subject, reflecting the latest research on the theme of seventeenth-century English radicalism as well as offering some indications of the phenomenon's transnational contexts. Indeed, there is a sense here of the complexity and variety of the subject although much work still remains to be done on radicals and radicalism - both in early modern England and especially beyond.
Book Synopsis British Shipping in the Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars by : Katerina Galani
Download or read book British Shipping in the Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars written by Katerina Galani and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In British shipping in the Mediterranean Katerina Galani investigates the impact of the French and Napoleonic wars on British maritime economic activity. Due to the close cooperation of the public and private sector at sea, the British adopted flexible business strategies to mitigate economic warfare and sustain shipping and trade in the Mediterranean. The book offers a comprehensive approach by combining the study of international relations, ports, ships, business organisation, deep-sea voyages and intra-Mediterranean navigation. Katerina Galani conceptualises the Mediterranean as an economic entity and she insightfully examines, for the first time, free traders along with the chartered Levant Company. Her analysis draws upon a unique collection of British and Mediterranean sources to construct a multifaceted view of British maritime activity.
Book Synopsis Empire, Community, Nation by : Lisa M. Lillie
Download or read book Empire, Community, Nation written by Lisa M. Lillie and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation uses the Anglophone merchant community of Livorno, Italy, known to English contemporaries as the "Leghorn merchants," to investigate how a modern form of British empire emerged from the early modern regime that recent scholars have likened to the world of the bazaar. This study begins with the first arrival of English ships in Livorno in the late sixteenth century and concludes with the departure of the bulk of the English community in 1796, before the arrival of Napoleon. It follows the evolution of the "Leghorn merchant" society's political, diplomatic, and commercial relationships with both English and Tuscan states through the early eighteenth century, and thereafter focuses on intra-community dynamics in such boundary of life events as birth, marriage and death, to 1796. Before the rise of empires in their modern state-system form, personal position and connection shaped relationships of power and therefore of profit. European traders abroad -- in this case, the Leghorn merchants -- were the intermediaries between consumers, producers, and merchants on the one hand, and on the other the wielders of power both near and far. They were thus the foremost facilitators of a kind of imperial bazaar that was taking haphazard shape in London and that was more or less paralleled in Tuscany. For the English merchants of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century, the English state was distant and erratic and the Levant Company was an evolving institution with as-yet incoherent diplomatic and commercial policies. In this system, which has been described elsewhere as "networks" or proto-imperial "webs" of English empire, commercial actors and their personal connections exploited privileged access and in turn provided the commercial information and foreign intelligence which made merchants specialized purveyors of intelligence as well as goods. In Livorno, the Anglophone merchants acquired this intelligence through embeddedness in their host society: as paid maritime or commercial consultants for the granducal government; via intermarriage with Italian or other Europeans; and in extended (sometime generations-long) periods of residing and doing business in the Tuscan port. But with the increased centralization of European states in the mid-seventeenth century came concerted attempts to regulate and monitor the activities and investments of their subjects abroad. In the Livornese context, this meant the creeping encroachment of the state in the Leghorn merchants' commerce, in their diplomatic dealings with the granducal regime, and in the practice of their Protestant faith. In examining the way that the Leghorn merchants, accustomed to the personalized practices of the bazaar, clashed with officials of England's emerging bureaucratic empire over matters of international dispute settlement, consular appointments, and decisions regarding the Leghorn community's faith, this dissertation measures the transition from the world of the bazaar to that of the imperial nation-state. The dissertation contributes as well to an understanding of Mediterranean history. As a base for collaborative Anglo-Tuscan commercial and privateering ventures as well as a font of new economic ideas about trade regulation, Livorno tempers the conquest and coopt rhetoric of Fernand Braudel's northern invasion thesis. Braudel and other historians of the Mediterranean have argued that English and Dutch traders, equipped with better-armed, sturdier ocean-going ships than the galleys of Mediterranean states, swept into the Middle Sea in the late 16th century and gradually overtook the carrying trades from such native powers as the Venetians. Braudel saw this invasion of northern merchants from England and the Netherlands as ushering in a new nationalist age, one in which national affiliation would come to supplant religion as primary determinant of community among foreign traders and their Mediterranean host communities. This dissertation complicates that interpretation, and argues that even as Protestantism became progressively more important to the English idea of empire it continued to be a means of uniting co-religionists of diverse in national origin in the larger transnational "Protestant Society" in Livorno. The dissertation thus makes interventions and suggests revisions in the study of the evolution and expansion of the British Empire as well as in what has been called the "decline" of Italy (and more particularly, Tuscany). In so doing, the dissertation recasts the evolution of the British Empire as a distinctly transnational process, and gives due weight to developments in central Italy.
