Endotoxin

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Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition

Author : Xiaoyuan Wang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048190789
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition by : Xiaoyuan Wang

Download or read book Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition written by Xiaoyuan Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-30 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endotoxins are potentially toxic compounds produced by Gram-negative bacteria including some pathogens. Unlike exotoxins, which are secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, endotoxins are comprised of structural components of bacteria. Endotoxins can cause a whole-body inflammatory state, sepsis, leading to low blood pressure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. This book brings together contributions from researchers in the forefront of these subjects. It is divided into two sections. The first deals with how endotoxins are synthesized and end up on the bacterial surface. The second discussed how endotoxins activate TLR4 and, in turn, how TLR4 generates the molecular signals leading to infectious and inflammatory diseases. The way endotoxins interact with the host cells is fundamental to understanding the mechanism of sepsis, and recent research on these aspects of endotoxins has served to illuminate previously undescribed functions of the innate immune system. This volume presents a description of endotoxins according to their genetic constitution, structure, function and mode of interaction with host cells.

Endotoxin in Health and Disease

Author : Helmut Brade
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000110389
Total Pages : 968 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Endotoxin in Health and Disease by : Helmut Brade

Download or read book Endotoxin in Health and Disease written by Helmut Brade and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a basis for further research into the interactions of hosts and pathogens, this work gathers up-to-date findings, and details basic structures, functions and immunology. It provides descriptions of a variety of experimental endotoxin neutralizing agents, as well as a guide to clinical research initiatives and the latest treatments.

Endotoxin Detection and Control in Pharma, Limulus, and Mammalian Systems

Author : Kevin L. Williams
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030171485
Total Pages : 869 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Endotoxin Detection and Control in Pharma, Limulus, and Mammalian Systems by : Kevin L. Williams

Download or read book Endotoxin Detection and Control in Pharma, Limulus, and Mammalian Systems written by Kevin L. Williams and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endotoxin detection and control is a dynamic area of applied science that touches a vast number of complex subjects. The intersection of test activities includes the use of an ancient blood system from an odd “living fossil” (Limulus). It is used to detect remnants of the most primitive and destructive forms of life (prokaryotes) as contaminants of complex modern systems (mammalian and Pharma). Recent challenges in the field include those associated with the application of traditional methods to new types of molecules and manufacturing processes. The advent of “at will” production of biologics in lieu of harvesting animal proteins has revolutionized the treatment of disease. While the fruits of the biotechnology revolution are widely acknowledged, the realization of the differences in the means of production and changes in the manner of control of potential impurities and contaminants in regard to the new versus the old are less widely appreciated. Endotoxin as an ancient, dynamic interface between lifeforms, provides a singular perspective from which to view the parallel development of ancient and modern organisms as well as the progress of man in deciphering the complexity of their interactions in his efforts to overcome disease.

Endotoxins

Author : Kevin L. Williams
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420020595
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Endotoxins by : Kevin L. Williams

Download or read book Endotoxins written by Kevin L. Williams and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-02-23 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This source expertly examines the discovery, biological structure, control, and continued clarification of endotoxin from a parenteral manufacturing perspective, with in-depth discussion of state-of-the-art technologies involving Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) such as assay development, automation, depyrogenation. Completely revised and exp

Bacterial Endotoxins

Author : Solomon Kadis
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 148321589X
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Endotoxins by : Solomon Kadis

Download or read book Bacterial Endotoxins written by Solomon Kadis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Toxins, Volume V: Bacterial Endotoxins covers the physiology, pathology, and immunology of bacterial endotoxins. The book discusses the relationship of lipopolysaccharide structure to bacterial virulence; the importance of blood-group and Forssman antigenic determinants in interactions between human and microbes; and the chemical modification of endotoxin and inactivation of its biological properties. The text also describes the effects of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides on the complement system; the host-dependent detoxification of bacterial endotoxin; and the metabolic effects of bacterial endotoxins. The release of vasoactive agents and the vascular effects of endotoxin are also considered. The book further tackles the febrile response to endotoxin; some major aspects and the relationship between shock and endotoxemia; as well as the effects of lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) on the susceptibility to infections. The text also encompasses the role of hypersensitivity and tolerance in reactions to endotoxins. Pathologists, immunologists, physiologists, and microbiologists will find the book invaluable.

Pyrogens

Author : Frederick C. Pearson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Pyrogens by : Frederick C. Pearson

Download or read book Pyrogens written by Frederick C. Pearson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Endotoxemia and Endotoxin Shock

Author : C. Ronco
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805594852
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Endotoxemia and Endotoxin Shock by : C. Ronco

Download or read book Endotoxemia and Endotoxin Shock written by C. Ronco and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010-06-02 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of endotoxin in the bloodstream is the consequence of an immunological response triggered by bacterial invasion of the host. This condition leads to altered cardiovascular function, lung dysfunction and acute kidney injury. Removing as much as possible of the circulating endotoxin is therefore imperative to mitigate its biological and clinical effects at the cellular, tissue and organ levels. The publication at hand summarizes the basic mechanisms, rationale and clinical results of a new therapeutic approach that promises to attain this goal: It consists of a specific hemoperfusion process that utilizes cartridges with immobilized polymixin B in an extracorporeal circuit.Containing contributions by renowned researchers, this book represents as a milestone in the field of extracorporeal therapies in sepsis. It will be a valuable reference work for both basic scientists and clinical professionals who want to keep abreast of current developments.

Bacterial Endotoxins

Author : International Endotoxin Society. Congress
Publisher : Wiley-Liss
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Endotoxins by : International Endotoxin Society. Congress

Download or read book Bacterial Endotoxins written by International Endotoxin Society. Congress and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 1995-08-24 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, Volume 392 Bacterial Endotoxins Lipopolysaccharides From Genes to Therapy Proceedings of the Third Conference of the International Endotoxin Society, Held in Helsinki, Finland, August 15–18, 1994 Jack Levin, Carl R. Alving, Robert S. Munford, and Heinz Redl, Editors In the past two decades, the scope of research in the field of bacterial endotoxins has expanded dramatically. Bacterial Endotoxins: Lipopolysaccharides From Genes to Therapy contains the most recent basic and clinical work of researchers studying lipopolysaccharides (LPS), including everything from recent findings on the molecular genetics and biosynthesis of LPS, to various aspects of endotoxin tolerance. Assembling information from the work of renowned international researchers, the book is divided into ten well-organized sections, each of which includes papers representing the state of the art in LPS investigations. Specific topics covered in the text include: the structure and biosynthesis of Rhizobium leguminosarum lipid A conformation and fluidity of endotoxins as determinants of biological activity modalities of endotoxin binding to CD14 rational computer-aided design of ligands that bind endotoxin formation of a TNF synthesis inhibitor in endotoxin tolerance monophosphoryl lipid A as a prophylactic for sepsis and septic shock Bacterial Endotoxins: Lipopolysaccharides From Genes to Therapy provides a clear reflection of the vitality of the bacterial endotoxin macromolecule and its biological effects. This book will appeal to laboratory and clinical medical microbiologists, immunologists studying bacterial endotoxins, and internal medicine specialists who are treating inflammatory disease. The breadth of coverage will also make it a valuable resource for researchers within both the biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields.

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides

Author : Yuriy A. Knirel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3709107334
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides by : Yuriy A. Knirel

Download or read book Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides written by Yuriy A. Knirel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-13 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bacterial lipopolysaccharide also known as endotoxin is exhaustively covered in the present work. Central emphasis is placed upon the fine chemical structure of the lipopolysaccharide and its significance for understanding their activity and function. In particular, the role it plays in the interaction of bacteria with other biological systems is examined. New aspects of their physicochemical biology are introduced and updates to the current knowledge concerning the lipopolysaccharide are provided. This important class of biomolecules has recently attracted the attention of many investigators, in particular for understanding its involvement in innate immunity, toll-like receptor recognition and intracellular signaling.

Bacterial Endotoxins

Author : George Weinbaum
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483215881
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Endotoxins by : George Weinbaum

Download or read book Bacterial Endotoxins written by George Weinbaum and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Toxins, Volume IV: Bacterial Endotoxins covers a general introduction of bacterial endotoxins, as well as research concerning structure (both morphological and physical), chemistry, immunology, biosynthesis, and genetics of bacterial endotoxins. The book describes the general characteristics of bacterial endotoxins; the anatomy and chemistry of Gram-negative cell envelopes; and the physical structure of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. The text also discusses the isolation and chemical and immunological characterization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides; the chemistry of the unique carbohydrates of bacterial lipopolysaccharides; and the relation of bacteriophage attachment to lipopolysaccharide structure. The chemical and biological heterogeneity of endotoxins, as well as the biosynthesis of the core region of lipopolysaccharide are also considered. The book further tackles the biosynthesis of O-antigens and the genetic aspects of biosynthesis and structure of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide. Microbiologists, biochemists, bacteriologists, immunologists, and people involved in biochemical research will find the book useful.

Beneficial Effects of Endotoxins

Author : Alois Nowotny
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146844364X
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Beneficial Effects of Endotoxins by : Alois Nowotny

Download or read book Beneficial Effects of Endotoxins written by Alois Nowotny and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of endotoxins has undergone cycles of enthusiastic research followed by neglect and revival again due to newly described biological effects attributed to endotoxins. It is almost a generally applicable rule that both extremes in such fluctuations in the popularity of certain re search fields are unjustified. It is obvious that exaggerated expectations will lead to disappointments, and complete neglect of a once-exciting field is to be followed by renewed attention, if the scientific basis of earlier interest was solid and remained so throughout. The healing ef fect of fever was praised as nature's blessed cure, until it was discov ered that it is caused by bacteria. When it became evident that by careful application one can arrive at therapeutic doses without intro ducing shock and hypotension, the era of fever therapy began. During this time, indiscriminate use of pyrogens was so widespread that the high expectations had to be followed by disillusionment. Since then, in terest in endotoxins experienced a few more oscillations, with varying wavelengths and amplitudes, the latest being triggered by the mitotic effect of endotoxin. This led to justified excitement among researchers who study the activation of the cells of the lymphatic system and the consequences thereof, including the release of important mediator mol ecules. Fever therapy is passe, but the healing that often followed the ap plication of endotoxins remains a well-documented fact.

Immunobiology and Immunopharmacology of Bacterial Endotoxins

Author : A. Szentivanyi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461322537
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Immunobiology and Immunopharmacology of Bacterial Endotoxins by : A. Szentivanyi

Download or read book Immunobiology and Immunopharmacology of Bacterial Endotoxins written by A. Szentivanyi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endotoxins are constituents of all gram negative bacteria, as well as many other microorganisms. Since their original discovery and study at the beginning and middle parts of this century, many investigations have been performed concerning their immunochemistry and physicochemistry, as well as their pharmacologic activities and physiologic effects on the host. It became widely recognized during the beginning of this century that the pyrogenicity of many microbial infections may be associated with endotoxins. Furthermore, some 80 years ago, attempts were begun to "treat" a variety of illnesses including neoplasia, with such "pyrogens", Le. , bacterial endo toxins. Inconclusive results were observed including some detrimental ones as well as, in some cases, beneficial ones. It became widely accepted that during infections with many gram negative organisms the fever occurring in patients, as well as many of the untoward pathophysiological effects of the infections, seemed to be due to the endotoxin the bacteria contained or released. In this regard, septic shock has been studied in detail by many clinicians, physiologists and pharmacologists and attempts have been made to relate the devastating effects of infection on metabolic and physiologic alterations caused by endotoxins. Recently, however, many beneficial effects of endotoxin have also been studied.

Endotoxin

Author : H. Friedman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475751400
Total Pages : 689 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Endotoxin by : H. Friedman

Download or read book Endotoxin written by H. Friedman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on the proceedings of the International Symposium on Bacterial Endotoxins held in Japan. May 11-14. 1988 and sponsored by the International Endotoxin Society and the International Society for Immuno pharmacology. Speakers and participants of this symposium provided new information concerning fundamental and clinical aspects of endotoxin research conducted over the last half decade or so. Advances have been made in understanding the structure and nature of endotoxin molecules and their effects on a wide variety of both cellular and subcellular aspects, of immunity. metabolism and physiology. both in vivo and in vitro. Endotoxins are constituents of gram negative bacteria. Since their original discovery in the nineteenth century. many laboratories studied their chemical composition. their physico- and immunochemica1 properties. as well as their pharmacological and physiological effects on the host. Much is now known about the chemical structure of the endotoxins. There is also a grow ing body of information concerning the multiple effects of endotoxins on the host including immune mechanisms. Some effects have been found to be benefi cial to the host and endotoxins are being used more frequently to induce important mediators of immunity as well as increasing resistance against infections by many microorganisms as well as inhibiting growth of tumors in experimental animal models and in man.

Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections and Mode of Endotoxin Actions

Author : Bernhard Urbaschek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3709183960
Total Pages : 739 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections and Mode of Endotoxin Actions by : Bernhard Urbaschek

Download or read book Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections and Mode of Endotoxin Actions written by Bernhard Urbaschek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relevance of international symposia and congresses has been questioned with increasing frequency. All too often, presentations at such meetings are meaningful only for very few members of the audience; fundamental scientific principles and relationships between disciplines are not always taken into account. Under present conditions rapid sharing of new information is highly desirable. However, many journals do not lend themselves to speedy exchange of information, nor do many provide the opportunity for the publication of discussion by various specialists of problems arising from different disciplines. Symposia may lend themselves, perhaps more readily, to the identification of current knowledge and the exchange of thoughts between scientists from various fields. It was particularly opportune to have the present symposium held in Vienna, where as early as 1365 the University was founded and where the medical sciences have played a dominant role in the investigation of the nature of diseases. It was the aim of the organizer to provide in this city the opportunity for the exchange of information and of thoughts between scientists from different disciplines and different countries. One of the many current, important problems relates to the fundamental basis of the pathogenesis of gram-negative infections. Information on immune mechanisms against these infections is in adequate; the relative role of non-specific resistance and specific immunity has not been fully elucidated. Problems regarding active immunization and the effectiveness of passively administered immuno globulins still exist even today.

Bacterial Endotoxic Lipopolysaccharides

Author : David C. Morrison
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849367885
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (678 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Endotoxic Lipopolysaccharides by : David C. Morrison

Download or read book Bacterial Endotoxic Lipopolysaccharides written by David C. Morrison and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-09-11 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial Endotoxic Lipopolysaccharides provides an up-to-date, two-volume review of the latest information regarding bacterial lipopolysaccharide structure and activities. These volumes cover the biochemistry, pharmacology, and pathophysiologic properties of endotoxins. The volumes also thoroughly discuss the strengths and weaknesses of new therapies for septic shock that are based on an immunological attack on endotoxins and the cytokines induced by endotoxins. All scientists involved in endotoxin research, clinical infectious disease specialists, and medical students interested in the pathogenesis of septic shock will find Bacterial Endotoxic Lipopolysaccharides invaluable as a reference resource.

Specification of Drug Substances and Products

Author : Christopher M. Riley
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443134677
Total Pages : 910 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Specification of Drug Substances and Products by : Christopher M. Riley

Download or read book Specification of Drug Substances and Products written by Christopher M. Riley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-09-27 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specification of Drug Substances and Drug Products is a fully comprehensive reference on Specification Setting for Pharmaceuticals. There have been several recent developments in the ICH Guidelines, which were not captured in previous editions, notably the new guideline on Development of Analytical Procedure and the revisions to the validation guidelines, and the specification guidelines. This edition contains chapters discussing the unique requirements for the universal critical quality attributes, as well as the specific tests required to characterize and control different types of products, ranging in complexity from small molecules in immediate release oral dosage forms to complex products such as drug-antibody conjugates and mRNA-based products. This substantially expanded revision of the 2nd edition will serve as practical comprehensive reference for scientists, managers, educators, and consultants involved in the development and regulation of pharmaceutical products Presents critical assessment, potential impact, and application of the recent revisions to ICH guidelines on method validation (Q2) (as well as the latest guideline on Analytical Method Development (Q14), and the special regional requirements in non-ICH regions. Addresses comprehensive treatment of the development and validation of analytical methodologies used in the analysis, control, and specification of a variety of different types of dosage forms, ranging from traditional oral solid dosage forms to proteins, nRNA-based drugs, vaccines, and gene therapy. This book will also address drug–device combination products such as digital drug delivery systems, transdermal systems, and inhalation products. Presents detailed treatment of latest statistical approaches, including new approaches to the treatment of validation data method, specification setting, and shelf-life prediction (based on stability data).

Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 1997

Author : Prof. Jean-Louis Vincent
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662134500
Total Pages : 1017 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 1997 by : Prof. Jean-Louis Vincent

Download or read book Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 1997 written by Prof. Jean-Louis Vincent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 1017 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Yearbook compiles the most recent, widespread developments of experimental and clinical research and practice in one comprehensive reference book. The chapters are written by well recognized experts in the field of intensive care and emergency medicine. It is addressed to everyone involved in internal medicine, anesthesia, surgery, pediatrics, intensive care and emergeny medicine.