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Empirical Essays On Secrecy And Security In The United States
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Book Synopsis Empirical Essays on Secrecy and Security in the United States by : Michael Zachary Gill
Download or read book Empirical Essays on Secrecy and Security in the United States written by Michael Zachary Gill and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 3 (co-authored with Michael Egesdal and Martin Rotemberg) analyzes how the behavior of the Federal Open Market Committee changed after the statutory enforcement of transparency laws in 1993; to do so, we present new techniques to describe how language use changes over time. For a family of widely used vector space metrics, we demonstrate how to decompose aggregate changes into each individual dimension's contribution--such as a particular word or document's influence. The approach can be generalized to account for associations between document dimensions (such as word definitions or meanings). Using various documents released by the Federal Reserve from 1976 to 2007, covering both years in which the FOMC knew its deliberations would eventually be made public, and years in which it believed no records were kept, we find that FOMC deliberations became more similar to the always-public press releases in the transparency regime.
Book Synopsis Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law by : Gabriel Schoenfeld
Download or read book Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law written by Gabriel Schoenfeld and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2010-05-24 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intensely controversial scrutiny of American democracy’s fundamental tension between the competing imperatives of security and openness. “Leaking”—the unauthorized disclosure to the press of secret information—is a well-established part of the U.S. government’s normal functioning. Gabriel Schoenfeld examines history and legal precedent to argue that leaks of highly classified national-security secrets have reached hitherto unthinkable extremes, with dangerous potential for post-9/11 America. He starts with the New York Times’ recent decision to reveal the existence of top-secret counterterrorism programs, tipping off al Qaeda operatives to the intelligence methods designed to apprehend them. He then steps back to the Founding Fathers' intense preoccupation with secrecy in the conduct of foreign policy. Shifting to the 20th century, he scrutinizes some of the more extraordinary leaks and their consequences, from the public disclosure of the vulnerability of Japanese diplomatic codes in the years before Pearl Harbor to the publication of the Pentagon Papers in the Nixon era to the systematic exposure of undercover CIA agents by the renegade CIA agent Philip Agee. Returning to our present dilemmas, Schoenfeld discovers a growing rift between a press that sees itself as the heroic force promoting the public’s “right to know” and a government that needs to safeguard information vital to the effective conduct of national defense. Schoenfeld places the tension between openness and security in the context of a broader debate about freedom of the press and its limits. With the United States still at war, Necessary Secrets is of burning contemporary interest. But it is much more than a book of the moment. Grappling with one of the most perplexing conundrums of our democratic order, it offers a masterful contribution to the enduring challenge of interpreting the First Amendment.
Book Synopsis A Culture of Secrecy by : Athan G. Theoharis
Download or read book A Culture of Secrecy written by Athan G. Theoharis and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The government is hiding information from its citizens-or so most Americans believe. While even some members of Congress now call for greater access to classified documents, federal agencies continue to withhold a massive amount of information in the name of national security, maintaining a culture of secrecy rooted in the Cold War. This new book examines who in government is hiding what from the rest of us, how they're doing it, and why it should matter to all of us. Contributing scholars, journalists, and attorneys survey the policies of federal intelligence agencies and presidents—notably Nixon, Reagan, Bush, and Clinton-to keep information secret. They show how these agencies have gone far beyond legitimate security needs to withhold information, and they describe the frustrations and costs encountered in their own efforts to obtain classified information. The authors review important cases exemplifying State Department, agency, and presidential efforts to withhold, destroy, or delay release of these records. In chapters centering on the Kennedy assassination, the Nixon tapes, and the FBI's files on John Lennon and the Supreme Court justices, readers will find an abundance of startling and disturbing revelations. By citing some of the methods used by agencies like the CIA, NSA, NSC, and FBI to circumvent the Freedom of Information Act—often with the cooperation of the judicial system—these essays clearly show that abuses of secrecy aren't limited to the withholding of information but extend to the absurd lengths taken to avoid disclosure.
Book Synopsis Secrets and Truth by : Katherine Verdery
Download or read book Secrets and Truth written by Katherine Verdery and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-28 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nothing in Soviet-style communism was as shrouded in mystery as its secret police. Its paid employees were known to few and their actual numbers remain uncertain. Its informers and collaborators operated clandestinely under pseudonyms and met their officers in secret locations. Its files were inaccessible, even to most party members. The people the secret police recruited or interrogated were threatened so effectively that some never told even their spouses, and many have held their tongues to this day, long after the regimes fell. With the end of communism,ÿmany ofÿtheÿnewly established governments?among them Romania?s?opened their secret police archives. From those files,ÿas well asÿher personal memories, the author has carried out historical ethnography of the Romanian Securitate.ÿSecrets and Truthsÿis not only of historical interest but has implications for understanding the rapidly developing ?security state? of the neoliberal present. ÿ
Book Synopsis Government Secrecy by : Jan Goldman Ph.D.
Download or read book Government Secrecy written by Jan Goldman Ph.D. and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-12-30 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government Secrecy presents the best that has been thought and written on the subject, including history and philosophy, theory and practice, justification and critique. Through readings, which range from Georg Simmel on secrecy and Max Weber on bureaucracy and secret-keeping, to post-9/11 concerns regarding freedom of information and presidential secrecy, it enables readers to explore the issues and questions that surround the government's right to keep necessary secrets—or not. This collection, and the diverse perspectives it represents, will engage students and other interested parties in a discussion of the benefits—and dangers—of government secrecy. The collection is designed to generate questions regarding historical accuracy of government information, information ethics, professional neutrality, ownership of information, public right to information, national security, and transparency. The essays explore the criteria and conditions for government secret-keeping, as well as contributing to public and academic discussion of the role of secrets in democracies.
Book Synopsis Essays In Technology, Security & Strategy, Volume II by : Stephen Bryen
Download or read book Essays In Technology, Security & Strategy, Volume II written by Stephen Bryen and published by Primedia E-launch LLC. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis State Secrecy and Security by : William Walters
Download or read book State Secrecy and Security written by William Walters and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-03 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In State Secrecy and Security: Refiguring the Covert Imaginary, William Walters calls for secrecy to be given a more central place in critical security studies and elevated to become a core concept when theorising power in liberal democracies. Through investigations into such themes as the mobility of cryptographic secrets, the power of public inquiries, the connection between secrecy and place-making, and the aesthetics of secrecy within immigration enforcement, Walters challenges commonplace understandings of the covert and develops new concepts, methods and themes for secrecy and security research. Walters identifies the covert imaginary as both a limit on our ability to think politics differently and a ground to develop a richer understanding of power. State Secrecy and Security offers readers a set of thinking tools to better understand the strange powers that hiding, revealing, lying, confessing, professing ignorance and many other operations of secrecy put in motion. It will be a valuable resource for scholars and students of security, secrecy and politics more broadly.
Book Synopsis Essays on Secrecy in International Relations by : Yevgeniy Kirpichevsky
Download or read book Essays on Secrecy in International Relations written by Yevgeniy Kirpichevsky and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In "When Omission is Admission: Concealing Military Capabilities" and "Hide Your Strength and Bide Your Time: Secrecy and the Security Dilemma," I use formal bargaining models to examine incentives to reveal or conceal military capacity. Military capabilities are potentially observable, which means that concealing them often requires overtly denying observers access to information. Thus, observers can often infer unfavorable information from secrecy, which leads to an equilibrium, in which all types disclose information, no matter how unfavorable it is. In the models, uncertainty can only be generated when those who are stronger than others believe choose to conceal capabilities, thereby foregoing any bargaining advantages that can accrue due to transparency. In the first of the two essays, I discuss two factors that can cause both secrecy and war: incentives to conceal "sensitive" information and domestic political costs of transparency. In the last essay, I argue that secrecy can also be instrumental in avoiding conflict: e.g. I show that concealing large power shifts can alleviate the security dilemma that they otherwise induce. To illustrate my findings, I use examples from European history in the 19 th and 20 th centuries.
Book Synopsis Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists by :
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1955-04 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Book Synopsis Power and its Logic by : Dominik Meier
Download or read book Power and its Logic written by Dominik Meier and published by transcript Verlag. This book was released on 2019-08-31 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power is the essence of politics. Whoever seeks to understand and master it must understand its logic. Drawing on two decades of international experience in political consulting, Dominik Meier and Christian Blum give profound and honest insights into the inner workings of power. Introducing their Power Leadership Approach, the authors provide a conceptual analysis of power and present the tools to successfully exercise it in the political domain. "Power and its Logic" is a guidebook for politicians, business leaders, civil society pioneers, public affairs consultants and for every citizen who wants to understand the unwritten rules of politics.
Book Synopsis Secrecy and Silence in the Research Process by : Roisin Ryan-Flood
Download or read book Secrecy and Silence in the Research Process written by Roisin Ryan-Flood and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feminist research is informed by a history of breaking silences, of demanding that women’s voices be heard, recorded and included in wider intellectual genealogies and histories. This has led to an emphasis on voice and speaking out in the research endeavour. Moments of secrecy and silence are less often addressed. This gives rise to a number of questions. What are the silences, secrets, omissions and and political consequences of such moments? What particular dilemmas and constraints do they represent or entail? What are their implications for research praxis? Are such moments always indicative of voicelessness or powerlessness? Or may they also constitute a productive moment in the research encounter? Contributors to this volume were invited to reflect on these questions. The resulting chapters are a fascinating collection of insights into the research process, making an important contribution to theoretical and empirical debates about epistemology, subjectivity and identity in research. Researchers often face difficult dilemmas about who to represent and how, what to omit and what to include. This book explores such questions in an important and timely collection of essays from international scholars.
Book Synopsis The New Terror by : Sidney David Drell
Download or read book The New Terror written by Sidney David Drell and published by Library of Alabama Classics. This book was released on 1999 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading thinkers answer questions about biological and chemical weapons.
Book Synopsis Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security ? by : National Defense University (U S )
Download or read book Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security ? written by National Defense University (U S ) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2011-12-27 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On August 24-25, 2010, the National Defense University held a conference titled “Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security?” to explore the economic element of national power. This special collection of selected papers from the conference represents the view of several keynote speakers and participants in six panel discussions. It explores the complexity surrounding this subject and examines the major elements that, interacting as a system, define the economic component of national security.
Download or read book Spy Watching written by Loch K. Johnson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All democracies have had to contend with the challenge of tolerating hidden spy services within otherwise relatively transparent governments. Democracies pride themselves on privacy and liberty, but intelligence organizations have secret budgets, gather information surreptitiously around the world, and plan covert action against foreign regimes. Sometimes, they have even targeted the very citizens they were established to protect, as with the COINTELPRO operations in the 1960s and 1970s, carried out by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) against civil rights and antiwar activists. In this sense, democracy and intelligence have always been a poor match. Yet Americans live in an uncertain and threatening world filled with nuclear warheads, chemical and biological weapons, and terrorists intent on destruction. Without an intelligence apparatus scanning the globe to alert the United States to these threats, the planet would be an even more perilous place. In Spy Watching, Loch K. Johnson explores the United States' travails in its efforts to maintain effective accountability over its spy services. Johnson explores the work of the famous Church Committee, a Senate panel that investigated America's espionage organizations in 1975 and established new protocol for supervising the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the nation's other sixteen secret services. Johnson explores why partisanship has crept into once-neutral intelligence operations, the effect of the 9/11 attacks on the expansion of spying, and the controversies related to CIA rendition and torture programs. He also discusses both the Edward Snowden case and the ongoing investigations into the Russian hack of the 2016 US election. Above all, Spy Watching seeks to find a sensible balance between the twin imperatives in a democracy of liberty and security. Johnson draws on scores of interviews with Directors of Central Intelligence and others in America's secret agencies, making this a uniquely authoritative account.
Book Synopsis Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
Download or read book Regions and Powers written by Barry Buzan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-12-04 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops the idea that since decolonisation, regional patterns of security have become more prominent in international politics. The authors combine an operational theory of regional security with an empirical application across the whole of the international system. Individual chapters cover Africa, the Balkans, CIS Europe, East Asia, EU Europe, the Middle East, North America, South America, and South Asia. The main focus is on the post-Cold War period, but the history of each regional security complex is traced back to its beginnings. By relating the regional dynamics of security to current debates about the global power structure, the authors unfold a distinctive interpretation of post-Cold War international security, avoiding both the extreme oversimplifications of the unipolar view, and the extreme deterritorialisations of many globalist visions of a new world disorder. Their framework brings out the radical diversity of security dynamics in different parts of the world.
Book Synopsis Selected Papers of Edward Shils: The calling of sociology and other essays on the pursuit of learning by : Edward Shils
Download or read book Selected Papers of Edward Shils: The calling of sociology and other essays on the pursuit of learning written by Edward Shils and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
