Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery

Download Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 032385575X
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery by : Prashant Kesharwani

Download or read book Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery written by Prashant Kesharwani and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-05 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery brings together principles behind the formation, characterization and development of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with recent advances in drug and gene delivery applications. The book begins with an introduction to the unique properties of CNTs, as well as the various synthesis, purification and functionalization methods available. Later chapters cover drug and gene delivery using CNTs for therapeutic applications, comparing advantages and disadvantages of each. The book then goes on to discuss toxicity and safety challenges in using CNTs in biomedicine, with a forward-look at regulatory requirements and clinical translations. This book offers a detailed reference for materials scientists, biomedical engineers, pharmaceutical scientists and geneticists interested in CNTs and nanomedicine. Provides focused coverage of nanotubes for use in drug and gene delivery applications, offering much-needed detail amongst broader nanomedicine texts Details the properties, characterization, synthesis, functionalization and applications of CNTs in drug and gene delivery Discusses toxicity, safety and regulatory aspects of CNTs, with a look towards the clinical translation of CNTs

Fullerens, Graphenes and Nanotubes

Download Fullerens, Graphenes and Nanotubes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0128136928
Total Pages : 726 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fullerens, Graphenes and Nanotubes by : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu

Download or read book Fullerens, Graphenes and Nanotubes written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-05-28 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fullerens, Graphenes and Nanotubes: A Pharmaceutical Approach shows how carbon nanomaterials are used in the pharmaceutical industry. While there are various books on the carbonaceous nanomaterials available on the market, none approach the subject from a pharmaceutical point-of-view. In this context, the book covers different applications of carbonaceous nanomaterials. Chapters examine different types of carbon nanomaterials and explore how they are used in such areas as cancer treatments, pulse sensing and prosthetics. Readers will find this book to be a valuable reference resource for those working in the areas of carbon materials, nanomaterials and pharmaceutical science. Explains how the unique properties of carbon-based nanomaterials allow them to be used to create effective drug delivery systems Covers how carbon-based nanomaterials should be prepared for use in pharmaceutical applications Discusses the relative toxicity of a range of carbon-based nanomaterials Considers the safety of their use in different types of drugs

Carbon Nanotubes

Download Carbon Nanotubes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420004212
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes by : Michael J. O’Connell

Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Michael J. O’Connell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their discovery more than a decade ago, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have held scientists and engineers in captive fascination, seated on the verge of enormous breakthroughs in areas such as medicine, electronics, and materials science, to name but a few. Taking a broad look at CNTs and the tools used to study them, Carbon Nanotubes: Properties and Applications comprises the efforts of leading nanotube researchers led by Michael O’Connell, protégé of the late father of nanotechnology, Richard Smalley. Each chapter is a self-contained treatise on various aspects of CNT synthesis, characterization, modification, and applications. The book opens with a general introduction to the basic characteristics and the history of CNTs, followed by discussions on synthesis methods and the growth of “peapod” structures. Coverage then moves to electronic properties and band structures of single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs), magnetic properties, Raman spectroscopy of electronic and chemical behavior, and electromechanical properties and applications in NEMS (nanoelectromechanical systems). Turning to applications, the final sections of the book explore mechanical properties of SWNTs spun into fibers, sidewall functionalization in composites, and using SWNTs as tips for scanning probe microscopes. Taking a fresh look at this burgeoning field, Carbon Nanotubes: Properties and Applications points the way toward making CNTs commercially viable.

Nanotechnology in Medicine

Download Nanotechnology in Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Momentum Press
ISBN 13 : 1606502506
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (65 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanotechnology in Medicine by : Gene Koprowski

Download or read book Nanotechnology in Medicine written by Gene Koprowski and published by Momentum Press. This book was released on 2012-02-07 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will describe some of the most recent breakthroughs and promising developments in the search for improved diagnostics and therapies at the very small scales of living biological systems. While still very much a technology in the research and development stage, nanotechnology is already transforming today's medicine. This book, written by a general science author, provides a general overview of medical treatment potentials of nanotechnology in new, more effective drug delivery systems, in less invasive, ultra-small scale medical tools, and in new materials that can mimic or enhance natural materials like living tissue.

Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene

Download Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000838668
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene by : Bhanu Pratap Singh

Download or read book Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene written by Bhanu Pratap Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-02-27 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively reviews recent and emerging applications of carbon nanotubes and graphene materials in a wide range of sectors. Detailed applications include structural materials, ballistic materials, energy storage and conversion, batteries, supercapacitors, smart sensors, environmental protection, nanoelectronics, optoelectronic and photovoltaics, thermoelectric, and conducting wires. It further covers human and structural health monitoring, and thermal management applications. Key selling features: Exclusively takes an application-oriented approach to cover emerging areas in carbon nanotubes and graphene Covers fundamental and applied knowledge related to carbon nanomaterials Includes advanced applications like human and structural health monitoring, smart sensors, ballistic protection and so forth Discusses novel applications such as thermoelectrics along with environmental protection related application Explores aspects of energy storage, generation and conversion including batteries, supercapacitors, and photovoltaics This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in electrical, nanomaterials, chemistry, and other related areas.

Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery

Download Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1681742616
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (817 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery by : Mahdi Karimi

Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery written by Mahdi Karimi and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent important discoveries and developments in nanotechnology have had a remarkable and ever-increasing impact on many industries, especially materials science, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. Nanocarriers have been investigated for a wide variety of different medical applications. Some examples of these nanocarriers include polymersomes, liposomes, micelles and carbon-based nanomaterials. Within this book, the authors describe different features of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), survey the properties of both the multi-walled and single-walled varieties, and cover their applications in drug and gene delivery. In addition, the book explains the structure and properties of CNTs prepared by different method, and discussed their isolation and purification. The future of CNTs in the field of biomedical science will depend on minimizing their adverse effects by careful study of their structure and properties.

Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications

Download Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119904838
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications by : Jeenat Aslam

Download or read book Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications written by Jeenat Aslam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-03-28 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON NANOTUBES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS The book highlights established research and technology on current and emerging trends and biomedical applications of functionalized carbon nanotubes by providing academic researchers and scientists in industry, as well as high-tech start-ups, with knowledge of the modern practices that will revolutionize using functionalized carbon nanotubes. Nanotechnology suggests fascinating opportunities for a variety of applications in biomedical fields, including bioimaging and targeted delivery of biomacromolecules into cells. Numerous strategies have been recommended to functionalize carbon nanotubes with raised solubility for efficient use in biomedical applications. Functionalized carbon nanotubes have unique arrangements and extravagant mechanical, thermal, magnetic, optical, electrical, surface, and chemical properties, and the combination of these features gives them widespread biomedical applications. Functionalized carbon nanotubes are relatively flexible and interact with the cell membranes and penetrate different biological tissues owing to a “snaking” effect, therefore both the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of functionalized carbon nanotubes have gathered much attention in recent times. This book covers a broad range of topics relating to carbon nanotubes, from synthesis and functionalization to applications in advanced biomedical devices and systems. As they possess unique and attractive physical, chemical, optical, and even magnetic properties for various applications, considerable effort has been made to employ functionalized carbon nanotubes as new materials for the development of novel biomedical tools, such as diagnostic sensors, imaging agents, and drug/gene delivery systems for both diagnostics and clinical treatment. Audience The book is intended for a very broad audience of researchers and scientists working in the fields of nanomaterials, nanomedicine, bioinspired nanomaterials, nanotechnology, and biomedical application of nanomaterials.

Carbon Nanotube Science

Download Carbon Nanotube Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521828953
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotube Science by : Peter J. F. Harris

Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Science written by Peter J. F. Harris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-19 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides coverage of all of the important aspects of carbon nanotube research, including synthesis, properties and potential applications.

Characterization and Biology of Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery

Download Characterization and Biology of Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128140321
Total Pages : 684 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Characterization and Biology of Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery by : Shyam Mohapatra

Download or read book Characterization and Biology of Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery written by Shyam Mohapatra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization and Biology of Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery describes the techniques successfully employed for the application of nanocarriers loaded with the antioxidant enzyme, catalase, and thus targeted to endothelial cells. Methods of nanocarrier synthesis, loading within various systems, and the characterization of nanocarriers for targeting activities are covered, as are their advantages, disadvantages and applications. Reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the subject matter, this book includes contributions by experts from different fields, all with various backgrounds and expertise. It will appeal to researchers and students from different disciplines, such as materials science, technology and various biomedical fields. Enables readers from different fields to access recent research and protocols across traditional boundaries Focuses on protocols and techniques, as well as the knowledge base of the field, thus enabling those in R&D to learn about, and successfully deploy, cutting-edge techniques Explores both current and emerging classes of nanomaterials, along with their fundamentals and applications

Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery

Download Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Myprint
ISBN 13 : 9781681747521
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (475 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery by : M Karimi

Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery written by M Karimi and published by Myprint. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nanoengineering of Biomaterials

Download Nanoengineering of Biomaterials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527349049
Total Pages : 1063 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanoengineering of Biomaterials by : Sougata Jana

Download or read book Nanoengineering of Biomaterials written by Sougata Jana and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-04-18 with total page 1063 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive discussion of various types of nanoengineered biomaterials and their applications In Nanoengineering of Biomaterials: Drug Delivery & Biomedical Applications, an expert team of chemists delivers a succinct exploration of the synthesis, characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo drug molecule release, pharmacokinetic activity, pharmacodynamic activity, and the biomedical applications of several types of nanoengineered biomaterials. The editors have also included resources to highlight the most current developments in the field. The book is a collection of valuable and accessible reference sources for researchers in materials chemistry and related disciplines. It uses a functions-directed approach to using organic and inorganic source compounds that translate into biological systems as scaffolds, micelles, dendrimers, and other delivery systems. Nanoengineering of Biomaterials offers readers up-to-date chemistry and material science insights that are readily transferrable to biomedical systems. The book also includes: Thorough introductions to alginate nanoparticle delivery of therapeutics and chitosan-based nanomaterials in biological applications Comprehensive explorations of nanostructured carrageenan as a drug carrier, gellan gum nanoparticles in drug delivery, and guar-gum nanoparticles in the delivery of bioactive molecules Practical discussions of protein-based nanoparticles for drug delivery, solid lipid nanoparticles as drug carriers, and pH-responsive nanoparticles in therapy In-depth examinations of stimuli-responsive nano carriers in drug targeting Perfect for pharmaceutical chemists, materials scientists, polymer chemists, life scientists, and medicinal chemists, Nanoengineering of Biomaterials: Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications is also an indispensable resource for biologists and bioengineers seeking a one-stop reference on the transferability of materials chemistry and nanotechnology to biomedicine.

Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications

Download Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642148026
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications by : Rüdiger Klingeler

Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications written by Rüdiger Klingeler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-09 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the potential of multi-functional carbon nanotubes for biomedical applications. It combines contributions from chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, and medicine. The complete overview of the state-of-the-art addresses different synthesis and biofunctionalisation routes and shows the structural and magnetic properties of nanotubes relevant to biomedical applications. Particular emphasis is put on the interaction of carbon nanotubes with biological environments, i.e. toxicity, biocompatibility, cellular uptake, intracellular distribution, interaction with the immune system and environmental impact. The insertion of NMR-active substances allows diagnostic usage as markers and sensors, e.g. for imaging and contactless local temperature sensing. The potential of nanotubes for therapeutic applications is highlighted by studies on chemotherapeutic drug filling and release, targeting and magnetic hyperthermia studies for anti-cancer treatment at the cellular level.

Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoparticles

Download Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoparticles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 042987393X
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoparticles by : Alexander V. Vakhrushev

Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoparticles written by Alexander V. Vakhrushev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume looks at significant new research, methodologies, and applications in the fields of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles. It explores a variety of new developments in advanced carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles along with the tools to characterize and predict their properties and behavior. It introduces and reviews methods that are most frequently encountered in sophisticated nano-scaled materials domains, and helps to bridge the gap between classical analysis and modern real-life applications. A diverse array of topics in the field is addressed that provides many practical insights into nanocomposites and nanomaterials sciences.

Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Drug Delivery

Download Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Drug Delivery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811509107
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Drug Delivery by : Md Saquib Hasnain

Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Drug Delivery written by Md Saquib Hasnain and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-08 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed introduction to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for targeted drug delivery. After a brief overview of the classification, preparation, and characterization of carbon nanotubes, it focuses on their use in targeted drug delivery. It presents CNTs for brain targeting, ocular targeting, cancer targeting, and lymphatic targeting, as well as antibody therapy. The book also includes chapters on carbon nanotubes for controlled drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery, solubility enhancement, vaccine delivery, gene delivery, and as quantum dots. Last but not least, it addresses the absorption and transportation of CNTs, toxicity and regulatory considerations, as well as clinical trials and the market status of CNTs. The book offers a comprehensive, self-contained reference guide, with all topics covered concisely and with the help of figures, tables and flowcharts.

Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Download Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319228617
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications by : Mei Zhang

Download or read book Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications written by Mei Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a wide range of topics relating to carbon nanomaterials, from synthesis and functionalization to applications in advanced biomedical devices and systems. As they possess unique and attractive chemical, physical, optical, and even magnetic properties for various applications, considerable effort has been made to employ carbon nanomaterials (e.g., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanodiamond) as new materials for the development of novel biomedical tools, such as diagnostic sensors, imaging agents, and drug/gene delivery systems for both diagnostics and clinical treatment. Tremendous progress has been made and the scattered literature continues to grow rapidly. With chapters by world-renowned experts providing an overview of the state of the science as well as an understanding of the challenges that lie ahead, Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications is essential reading not only for experienced scientists and engineers in biomedical and nanomaterials areas, but also for graduate students and advanced undergraduates in materials science and engineering, chemistry, and biology.

Nanoconjugate Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery

Download Nanoconjugate Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 135117102X
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanoconjugate Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery by : Raj K. Keservani

Download or read book Nanoconjugate Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery written by Raj K. Keservani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume presents a plethora of new research on the use of nanoconjugate nanocarriers in drug delivery. Nanotechnology as drug carriers has been observed to increase the level of sophistication through a variety of ways. It helps to alleviate some of the pitfalls of conventional dosage forms, such as few pitfalls such as non-specific drug delivery, dose dumping, poor patient compliance, toxicities linked with higher doses, etc. With chapters from highly skilled, experienced, and renowned scientists and researchers, Nanoconjugate Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery is divided into four sections, providing an introduction to nanocarriers for drug delivery, physicochemical features of nanocarriers, and specific applications dealing with drug delivery in particular. The materials used as well as formulation and characterization have been discussed in detail. The nanocarriers covered in the book include nanoparticles, vesicular carriers, carriers having carbon as the core constituent, dispersed systems, etc. The book also delves into the interaction and associations between drug delivery research and its therapeutic applications in practice. The book integrates a wide variety of case studies, research, and theories in an attempt to reveal the diversity and capture the novel approaches of nanoconjugate nanocarriers for drug delivery employed by developers and content experts in the field. This timely publication will be an essential reference and current awareness source, building on the available literature in the field of pharmacy and biomedical science, while also providing ideas for further research opportunities in this dynamic field.

Carbon-Based Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery

Download Carbon-Based Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000983358
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon-Based Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery by : Mihir Kumar Purkait

Download or read book Carbon-Based Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery written by Mihir Kumar Purkait and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-12 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-Based Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery enlists the latitudes and advancements in the synthesis processes, functionalization, and applications of carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) in targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs). It covers the applicability and suitability of CBNs as nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery application via elucidating the recent advancements in CBNs, their functionalized and innovative derivatives, and the relevant case studies. The book explores the necessity, efficacy, toxicological aspects, and challenges for the application of CBN in targeted DDSs. Some of the features of this book are provided as follows: Provides elaborative description on significance and adaptability of carbon-based nanomaterial in targeted drug delivery for wide ranges of therapeutics Delivers a full-spectrum discussion on drug delivery through carbon-based nanocarriers Explores each carbon-based nanocarrier fundamentally for its drug and gene-delivery-related applications Describes critical discussion on various toxicological effects over the utilization of these nanocarriers Embraces existing as well as novel technologies/methodologies related to the synthesis and functionalization of CBNs, including graphene, graphene oxide, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotube, fullerene, and smart carbon-based nanocarriers This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in materials and pharmaceutical engineering, including drug delivery systems.