Electropolishing Niobium

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Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium

Author : A.K. Suri
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 135144896X
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium by : A.K. Suri

Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium written by A.K. Suri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.

NOVEL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTROPOLISHING OF NIOBIUM WITH SULFURIC AND HYDROFLUORIC ACID MIXTURES.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis NOVEL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTROPOLISHING OF NIOBIUM WITH SULFURIC AND HYDROFLUORIC ACID MIXTURES. by :

Download or read book NOVEL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTROPOLISHING OF NIOBIUM WITH SULFURIC AND HYDROFLUORIC ACID MIXTURES. written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Niobium surfaces are commonly electropolished in an effort to obtain optimally smooth surfaces for high-field SRF cavity applications. We report the first use of controlled electrochemical analysis techniques to characterize electropolishing of Nb in a sulfuric and hydrofluoric acid electrolyte. Through the use of a reference electrode we are able to clearly distinguish the anode, cathode polarization potentials as well as the electrolyte voltage drop that sum to the applied power supply voltage. We then separate the temperature and HF concentration dependence of each. We also report the first use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) on this system. EIS results are consistent with a presence of a compact salt film at the Nb/electrolyte interface that is responsible for the limiting current. Microscopic understanding of the basic Nb EP mechanism is expected to provide an appropriate foundation with which to optimize the preparation of high-field niobium cavity surfaces. The implication of EIS for monitoring Nb surface during electropolishing shows this technology could be potentially used as a source of on-line feedback.

Electrochemical Engineering

Author : Richard C. Alkire
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527807209
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Electrochemical Engineering by : Richard C. Alkire

Download or read book Electrochemical Engineering written by Richard C. Alkire and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-24 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in the "Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering" series focuses on problem-solving, illustrating how to translate basic science into engineering solutions. The book's concept is to bring together engineering solutions across the range of nano-bio-photo-micro applications, with each chapter co-authored by an academic and an industrial expert whose collaboration led to reusable methods that are relevant beyond their initial use. Examples of experimental and/or computational methods are used throughout to facilitate the task of moving atomistic-scale discoveries and understanding toward well-engineered products and processes based on electrochemical phenomena.

Alternate Electrolyte Composition for Electropolishing of Niobium Surfaces

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternate Electrolyte Composition for Electropolishing of Niobium Surfaces by :

Download or read book Alternate Electrolyte Composition for Electropolishing of Niobium Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electropolishing has shown promising results for the treatment of Nb cavities to be used in particle accelerators, particularly in the attainment of high surface electric fields. In support of the CEBAF Upgrade project and as part of a longer-term R and D program, we have investigated the properties of several electrolyte recipes. A particularly promising one consists of a mixture of lactic, sulfuric, and hydrofluoric acids. Initial tests reveal that smooth Nb surfaces can be achieved with no observable grain boundaries under optical microscope. We report on the results of the investigations of the parameters that control the polishing process using this particular acid mixture.

The Mechanism of Electropolishing of Niobium in Hydrofluoric-Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mechanism of Electropolishing of Niobium in Hydrofluoric-Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte by :

Download or read book The Mechanism of Electropolishing of Niobium in Hydrofluoric-Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Niobium surfaces are commonly electropolished in an effort to obtain optimal smoothness for high-field superconducting radio-frequency cavity applications. We report the use of controlled electrochemical analysis techniques to characterize electropolishing of Nb in a sulfuric and hydrofluoric acid electrolyte. Through the use of a reference electrode, we are able to clearly distinguish the anode and cathode polarization potentials as well as the electrolyte voltage drop, which together sum to the applied power supply voltage. We then identify the temperature and HF concentration dependence of each potential. We also report the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on this system. EIS results are consistent with the compact salt film mechanism for niobium electropolishing (EP) in this electrolyte and are not consistent with either the porous salt film or the absorbate-acceptor mechanism. Microscopic understanding of the basic Nb EP mechanism is expected to provide an appro.

On the Mechanism of Niobium Electropolishing

Author : Ashwini Chandra
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (815 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Mechanism of Niobium Electropolishing by : Ashwini Chandra

Download or read book On the Mechanism of Niobium Electropolishing written by Ashwini Chandra and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Pure Niobium is the material used to make Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities. These cavities need to be free from surface defects like pits, bumps and protrusions to achieve the best performance. Electropolishing is commonly used as a final process to give a good surface finish to the niobium surface. The standard electrolyte used for electropolishing niobium is a 1:9 ratio of HF (48%) and H2SO4 (96%) respectively. The mechanism of electropolishing is not fully understood and also the best electropolishing parameters need to be determined. Acid concentration, stirring, temperature and amount of material removed are the parameters expected to affect the surface finish. Their effect is studied using electrochemical polarization measurement, galvanostatic and potentiostatic techniques. The electro-dissolution occurring needs to be under mass transport control for the phenomenon of electropolishing to occur. This is characterized by the presence of a current density plateau in the niobium polarization curves. However Galvanostatic experimental result analysis points to other interfering transport processes as well. Results based on microscopy, surface profile measurement and current transient measurements for different electrode configurations indicate the presence of natural convection as one of the reason which could be causing deviation from a perfect semi infinite linear diffusion model.

Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators

Author : Hasan Padamsee
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527414096
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (274 download)

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Book Synopsis Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators by : Hasan Padamsee

Download or read book Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators written by Hasan Padamsee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-05-15 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators Single source reference enabling readers to understand and master state-of-the-art accelerator technology Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators provides a quick yet thorough overview of the key technologies for current and future accelerators, including those projected to enable breakthrough developments in materials science, nuclear and astrophysics, high energy physics, neutrino research and quantum computing. The work is divided into three sections. The first part provides a review of RF superconductivity basics, the second covers new techniques such as nitrogen doping, nitrogen infusion, oxide-free niobium, new surface treatments, and magnetic flux expulsion, high field Q slope, complemented by discussions of the physics of the improvements stemming from diagnostic techniques and surface analysis as well as from theory. The third part reviews the on-going applications of RF superconductivity in already operational facilities and those under construction such as light sources, proton accelerators, neutron and neutrino sources, ion accelerators, and crab cavity facilities. The third part discusses planned accelerator projects such as the International Linear Collider, the Future Circular Collider, the Chinese Electron Positron Collider, and the Proton Improvement Plan-III facility at Fermilab as well as exciting new developments in quantum computing using superconducting niobium cavities. Written by the leading expert in the field of radiofrequency superconductivity, Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators covers other sample topics such as: Fabrication and processing on Nb-based SRF structures, covering cavity fabrication, preparation, and a decade of progress in the field SRF physics, covering zero DC resistance, the Meissner effect, surface resistance and surface impedance in RF fields, and non-local response of supercurrent N-doping and residual resistance, covering trapped DC flux losses, hydride losses, and tunneling measurements Theories for anti-Q-slope, covering the Xiao theory, the Gurevich theory, non-equilibrium superconductivity, and two fluid model based on weak defects Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators is an essential reference for high energy physicists, power engineers, and electrical engineers who want to understand the latest developments of accelerator technology and be able to harness it to further research interest and practical applications.

Exploiting New Electrochemical Understanding of Niobium Electropolishing for Improved Performance of SRF Cavities for CEBAF.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploiting New Electrochemical Understanding of Niobium Electropolishing for Improved Performance of SRF Cavities for CEBAF. by :

Download or read book Exploiting New Electrochemical Understanding of Niobium Electropolishing for Improved Performance of SRF Cavities for CEBAF. written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent incorporation of analytic electrochemistry into the development of protocols for electropolishing niobium SRF cavities has yielded new insights for optimizing this process for consistent, high-performance results. Use of reference electrodes in the electrolyte, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), rotating disk electrodes (RDE), and controlled sample temperatures has greatly clarified the process dynamics over the empirical understanding developed via years of practice. Minimizing RF losses at high operational gradients is very valuable for CW linacs. Jefferson Lab is applying these new insights to the low-loss 7-cell cavity design developed for the CEBAF 12 GeV Upgrade. Together with controlled cleaning and assembly techniques to guard against field-emission-causing particulates, the resulting process is yielding consistent cavity performance that exceeds project requirements. Cavity tests show BCS-limited Q well above 30 MV/m. Detailed process data, interpretation, and resulting rf performance data will be presented.

RF Superconductivity

Author : Hasan Padamsee
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527405720
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (274 download)

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Book Synopsis RF Superconductivity by : Hasan Padamsee

Download or read book RF Superconductivity written by Hasan Padamsee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second book to RF Superconducting, written by one of the leading experts. The book provides fast and up-to-date access to the latest advances in the key technology for future accelerators. Experts as well as newcomers to the field will benefit from the discussion of progress in the basic science, technology as well as recent and forthcoming applications. Researchers in accelerator physics will also find much that is relevant to their discipline.

Electropolishing Niobium

Author : Pelleg, Joshua
Publisher : National Research Council Canada
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Electropolishing Niobium by : Pelleg, Joshua

Download or read book Electropolishing Niobium written by Pelleg, Joshua and published by National Research Council Canada. This book was released on 1966 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nuclear Science Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Science Abstracts by :

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Metallurgy of Superconducting Materials

Author : Thomas Luhman
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483218236
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Metallurgy of Superconducting Materials by : Thomas Luhman

Download or read book Metallurgy of Superconducting Materials written by Thomas Luhman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Volume 14: Metallurgy of Superconducting Materials covers the practical use of metallurgy of superconducting materials. The book discusses the phenomenon of superconductivity; the theory of superconductors; the applications of superconductivity and the demands these applications make on materials' properties and requirements. The text also describes the metallurgy of niobium-titanium alloy conductors; the physical metallurgy of A15 compounds; and the electron microscopy of superconducting materials. The metallurgy of conductors made from A15 material, the properties required, as well as the development of superconductors for ac power transmission are considered. The book further tackles the metallurgy of niobium surfaces, and the effects of radiation on superconductors. Metallurgists, physicists, materials scientists, materials engineers, and graduate students studying superconductors will find the book invaluable.

Global Optimization in Action

Author : János D. Pintér
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0792337573
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (923 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Optimization in Action by : János D. Pintér

Download or read book Global Optimization in Action written by János D. Pintér and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-11-30 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In science, engineering and economics, decision problems are frequently modelled by optimizing the value of a (primary) objective function under stated feasibility constraints. In many cases of practical relevance, the optimization problem structure does not warrant the global optimality of local solutions; hence, it is natural to search for the globally best solution(s). Global Optimization in Action provides a comprehensive discussion of adaptive partition strategies to solve global optimization problems under very general structural requirements. A unified approach to numerous known algorithms makes possible straightforward generalizations and extensions, leading to efficient computer-based implementations. A considerable part of the book is devoted to applications, including some generic problems from numerical analysis, and several case studies in environmental systems analysis and management. The book is essentially self-contained and is based on the author's research, in cooperation (on applications) with a number of colleagues. Audience: Professors, students, researchers and other professionals in the fields of operations research, management science, industrial and applied mathematics, computer science, engineering, economics and the environmental sciences.

Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids

Author : Robin D. Rogers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401001278
Total Pages : 563 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids by : Robin D. Rogers

Download or read book Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids written by Robin D. Rogers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the lecture notes for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on th Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids held April 12th_16 , 2000 in Heraklion, Crete, Greece. This was the fIrst international meeting devoted to research in the area of ionic liquids (salts with melting points below 100 0c), and was intended to explore the promise of ionic liquids as well as to set a research agenda for the fIeld. It was the fIrst international meeting dedicated to the study and application of ionic liquids as solvents, and forty-one scientists and engineers from academia, industry, and government research laboratories (as well as six industry observers and four student assistants) met to discuss the current and future status of the application of ionic liquids to new green industrial technologies. It was immediately clear that the number of organic chemists and engineers working in the fIeld needed to be increased. It was also clear that the declining interest in high temperature molten salts and subsequent increase in low melting ionic liquid solvents had not yet taken hold in Eastern Europe. Participants from NATO Partner Countries contributed signifIcant expertise in high temperature molten salts and were able to take back a new awareness and interest in ionic liquid solvents.

Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464963657
Total Pages : 2502 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)

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Book Synopsis Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 2502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics. The editors have built Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Rare Metals

Author : O. A. Songina
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Rare Metals by : O. A. Songina

Download or read book Rare Metals written by O. A. Songina and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Electrodissolution Processes

Author : Madhav Datta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000262243
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Electrodissolution Processes by : Madhav Datta

Download or read book Electrodissolution Processes written by Madhav Datta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrodissolution Processes: Fundamentals and Applications discusses the basic principles involved in high-rate anodic dissolution processes and their application in advanced machining, micromachining, and finishing operations. The fundamentals section of the book discusses the anodic dissolution behavior of different classes of metals and the influence of mass transport, current distribution, and surface film properties on the metal removal rate and surface finishing. The applications section of the book presents essential elements of electrochemical and assisted techniques for precision machining, micromachining, and polishing of advanced materials, including hard-to-machine conducting ceramic materials. Features A first-of-its-kind book that provides updated scientific and engineering information related to high-rate anodic dissolution processes Highlights the importance of the understanding of basic principles required for designing and optimizing ECM/EMM/EP processes Gives equal emphasis to the fundamentals and applications of electrodissolution processes Discusses the high-rate anodic dissolution of two broad classes of materials, namely, engineering and refractory materials Presents case studies to demonstrate the capabilities of different electrochemical and assisted machining, micromachining, and finishing operations Presents a dedicated chapter on electrochemical planarization of copper interconnects Madhav Datta is the Chairman of Amrita Center for Industrial Research and Innovation and a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita University, Coimbatore, India.