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Electrocatalysis Of Anodic Oxygen Transfer Reactions At Noble Metal Electrodes
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Book Synopsis Electrocatalysis of Anodic, Oxygen-transfer Reactions at Noble Metal Electrodes by : Joseph Edward Vitt
Download or read book Electrocatalysis of Anodic, Oxygen-transfer Reactions at Noble Metal Electrodes written by Joseph Edward Vitt and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Anodic Oxygen-transfer Electrocatalysis at Iron-doped Lead Dioxide Electrodes by :
Download or read book Anodic Oxygen-transfer Electrocatalysis at Iron-doped Lead Dioxide Electrodes written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research illustrated in this thesis was performed under the guidance of Professor Dennis C. Johnson beginning in March 1987. Chapter 2 concentrates on the development and electrocatalytic properties of iron-doped [beta]-PbO2 films on noble-metal substrates. Chapter 3 focuses attention on the preparation and characterization of iron-doped [beta]-PbO2 films on titanium substrates (Fe-PbO2/Ti). Chapter 4 discusses anodic evolution of ozone at Fe-PbO2/Ti electrodes. Chapter 5 describes electrochemical incineration of p-benzoquinone (BQ) at Fe-PbO2/Ti electrodes. In addition, the Appendix includes another published paper which is a detailed study of [alpha]-PbO2 films deposited on various types of stainless steel substrates.
Book Synopsis Electrocatalysis of Anodic Oxygen-transfer Reactions at Modified Lead Dioxide Electrodes by : Yun-Lin Hsiao
Download or read book Electrocatalysis of Anodic Oxygen-transfer Reactions at Modified Lead Dioxide Electrodes written by Yun-Lin Hsiao and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrocatalysis by : Jacek Lipkowski
Download or read book Electrocatalysis written by Jacek Lipkowski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-04-13 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of advances in one of today's most technologically important research fields. Spurred on by society's increasingly urgent demand for an inexpensive, environment-friendly alternative to the internal combustion engine, research into electrocatalytic fuel cells has yielded many exciting advances in the past few years. This rapid rate of progress, however, has created a daunting challenge for anyone attempting to track the important new trends in electrocatalysis by sorting through the huge and rapidly growing body of world literature in the field. Electrocatalysis was designed to save scientists hours of arduous legwork by providing an authoritative review of the most important recent advances in all technologically relevant aspects of electrocatalysis. Leading researchers from North America, Europe, and the Far East share what they know about an array of related topics, including: * Electrocatalysis of hydrogen and oxygen electrode reactions * Electrooxidation of small organic molecules * Design and synthesis of new electrocatalytic materials * The distribution and storage of hydrogen in metal hydrides * Hydrogenation of organic compounds as a means of hydrogen storage * Electron, ion, and atom transfer reactions * Influence of the double-layer structure on the rate of charge transfer * A unified theory of electron and ion transfer reactions at metal electrodes. Electrocatalysis is an indispensable working resource for electrochemists, chemical engineers, surface scientists, and materials scientists.
Book Synopsis Development of Novel Electrode Materials for the Electrocatalysis of Oxygen-Transfer and Hydrogen-Transfer Reactions by :
Download or read book Development of Novel Electrode Materials for the Electrocatalysis of Oxygen-Transfer and Hydrogen-Transfer Reactions written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout this thesis, the fundamental aspects involved in the electrocatalysis of anodic O-transfer reactions and cathodic H-transfer reactions have been studied. The investigation into anodic O-transfer reactions at undoped and Fe(III)[doped MnO2 films] revealed that MnO2 film electrodes prepared by a cycling voltammetry deposition show improved response for DMSO oxidation at the film electrodes vs. the Au substrate. Doping of the MnO2 films with Fe(III) further enhanced electrode activity. Reasons for this increase are believed to involve the adsorption of DMSO by the Fe(III) sites. The investigation into anodic O-transfer reactions at undoped and Fe(III)-doped RuO2 films showed that the Fe(III)-doped RuO2-film electrodes are applicable for anodic detection of sulfur compounds. The Fe(III) sites in the Fe-RuO2 films are speculated to act as adsorption sites for the sulfur species while the Ru(IV) sites function for anodic discharge of H2O to generate the adsorbed OH species. The investigation into cathodic H-transfer reactions, specifically nitrate reduction, at various pure metals and their alloys demonstrated that the incorporation of metals into alloy materials can create a material that exhibits bifunctional properties for the various steps involved in the overall nitrate reduction reaction. The Sb10Sn20Ti--0, Cu63Ni3-- and Cu25Ni--5 alloy electrodes exhibited improved activity for nitrate reduction as compared to their pure component metals. The Cu63Ni3-- alloy displayed the highest activity for nitrate reduction. The final investigation was a detailed study of the electrocatalytic activity of cathodic H-transfer reactions (nitrate reduction) at various compositions of Cu-Ni alloy electrodes. Voltammetric response for NO3− at the Cu-Ni alloy electrode is superior to the response at the pure Cu and Ni electrodes. This is explained on the basis of the synergism of the two different metal sites at these binary alloy electrodes acting within the proposed response mechanism. Accordingly, adsorbed H-atoms are generated by cathodic discharge of H at the Ni-sites whereas adsorption of NO3− occurs at the Cu-sites.
Book Synopsis Electrocatalysis of Anodic and Cathodic Oxygen-transfer Reactions by :
Download or read book Electrocatalysis of Anodic and Cathodic Oxygen-transfer Reactions written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrocatalysis of oxygen-transfer reactions is discussed in two parts. In Part I, the reduction of iodate (IO3−) is examined as an example of cathodic oxygen transfer. On oxide-covered Pt electrodes (PtO), a large cathodic current is observed in the presence of IO3− to coincide with the reduction of PtO. The total cathodic charge exceeds the amount required for reduction of PtO and IO3− to produce an adsorbed product. An electrocatalytic link between reduction of IO3− and reduction of PtO is indicated. In addition, on oxide-free Pt electrodes, the reduction of IO3− is determined to be sensitive to surface treatment. The electrocatalytic oxidation of CN− is presented as an example of anodic oxygen transfer in Part II. The voltametric response of CN− is virtually nonexistent at PbO2 electrodes. The response is significantly improved by doping PbO2 with Cu. Cyanide is also oxidized effectively at CuO-film electrodes. Copper is concluded to serve as an adsorption site for CN−. It is proposed that an oxygen tunneling mechanism comparable to electron tunneling does not occur at the electrode-solution interface. The adsorption of CN− is therefore considered to be a necessary prerequisite for oxygen transfer. 201 refs., 23 figs., 2 tabs.
Book Synopsis Selective Electrocatalysis of Anodic Oxygen-transfer Reactions at Chemically Modified, Thin-film Lead Dioxide Electrodes by : Hsiangpin Chang
Download or read book Selective Electrocatalysis of Anodic Oxygen-transfer Reactions at Chemically Modified, Thin-film Lead Dioxide Electrodes written by Hsiangpin Chang and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrocatalysis of Anodic Oxygen-transfer Reactions at Modified Lead Dioxide Electrodes by :
Download or read book Electrocatalysis of Anodic Oxygen-transfer Reactions at Modified Lead Dioxide Electrodes written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrocatalytic activities were compared for pure and chloride-doped beta-PbO2 (Cl-PbO2) films on gold and platinum substrates. Rate constants were increased significantly for oxidations of Mn{sup 2+}, toluene, benzyl alcohol, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and benzaldehyde in acidic media by the incorporation of Cl− into the oxide films. These reactions are concluded to occur by the electrocatalytic transfer of oxygen from H2O to the reaction products. Results of x-ray diffraction studies indicate the Cl-PbO2 film continues to have the slightly distorted rutile structure of pure beta-PbO2. The observed electrocatalytic phenomena are concluded to be the beneficial consequence of surface defects generated when Cl− serves for charge compensation within the surface matrix and, thereby, increases the number of surface sites capable of adsorbing hydroxyl radicals which are transferred in the electrocatalytic O-transfer reactions. 91 refs., 44 figs., 10 tabs.
Book Synopsis Development of Novel Electrode Materials for the Electrocatalysis of Oxygen-transfer and Hydrogen-transfer Reactions by : Brett Kimball Simpson
Download or read book Development of Novel Electrode Materials for the Electrocatalysis of Oxygen-transfer and Hydrogen-transfer Reactions written by Brett Kimball Simpson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental aspects involved in the electrocatalysis of anodic O-transfer reactions and cathodic H-transfer reactions are studied. The main focus of the study is to increase our knowledge of the processes controlling the transfer reactions and apply this knowledge to the development of novel electrode materials for use as electrochemical sensors. The transfer reactions have prerequisite steps of reactant adsorption at the electrode surface as well as adsorption of O atoms, for O-transfer reactions, and H atoms, for H-transfer reactions. Investigations of anodic O-transfer reactions reveal that MnO2 film electrodes show improved response for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) oxidation as compared to the Au substrate. Doping of the MnO2 film electrodes with Fe(III) enhances electrocatalytic activity for DMSO oxidation. Thermally prepared RuO2 films provide an electrode material that not only exhibits electrocatalytic activity for O-transfer reactions but shows mechanical and chemical stability as well. Doping the RuO2 film electrodes with Fe(III) further increases activity and provides an electrochemical sensor with detection capabilities for DMSO, methionine, and cysteine in the range of 3.2x10−4 mM. Reasons for the increase in activity, caused by doping of the metal oxide films with Fe(III), are attributed to separation of surface sites involved in the adsorption processes required for O-transfer reactions. An investigation of H-transfer reactions, specifically nitrate reduction, initially examines various metals for activity to determine candidates for use in alloy electrodes. The Sb10Sn20Ti--0, Cu63Zn3--, and the Cu25Ni--5 alloy electrodes all show improved response for nitrate reduction as compared to their pure component metals. Reasons for the improved activity are speculated to involve the separation of surface adsorption sites for the processes involved in nitrate reduction. Further examination of Cu-Ni alloys reveals that the nitrate reduction occurs via an 8 e ̄process at the Cu--5Ni25 alloy electrode and a 6 e ̄process at the Cu50Ni50 and the Cu25Ni--5 alloy electrodes. Flow injection data obtained using Cu50Ni50 and Cu25Ni--5 electrodes exhibit detection limits for nitrate of 0.95 [Mu]M and 0.060 [Mu]M, respectively.
Download or read book Oxide Surfaces written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a multi-author survey (in 15 chapters) of the current state of knowledge and recent developments in our understanding of oxide surfaces. The author list includes most of the acknowledged world experts in this field. The material covered includes fundamental theory and experimental studies of the geometrical, vibrational and electronic structure of such surfaces, but with a special emphasis on the chemical properties and associated reactivity. The main focus is on metal oxides but coverage extends from 'simple' rocksalt materials such as MgO through to complex transition metal oxides with different valencies.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Evolution by : Abhijit Ray
Download or read book Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Evolution written by Abhijit Ray and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-12-05 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book starts with a theoretical understanding of electrocatalysis in the framework of density functional theory followed by a vivid review of oxygen reduction reactions. A special emphasis has been placed on electrocatalysts for a proton-exchange membrane-based fuel cell where graphene with noble metal dispersion plays a significant role in electron transfer at thermodynamically favourable conditions. The latter part of the book deals with two 2D materials with high economic viability and process ability and MoS2 and WS2 for their prospects in water-splitting from renewable energy.
Book Synopsis Electrocatalysis of the Anodic Oxidation of As(III) on Platinum and Other Noble-metal Electrodes by : Tim D. Cabelka
Download or read book Electrocatalysis of the Anodic Oxidation of As(III) on Platinum and Other Noble-metal Electrodes written by Tim D. Cabelka and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis by : Matthew S. Thorum
Download or read book Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis written by Matthew S. Thorum and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is focused on the investigation of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) utilizing both existing and newly discovered electrocatalysts. Interest in the ORR is motivated by its application in the cathodes of most fuel cells. The slow kinetics of the ORR are a major barrier to the widespread usage of fuel cells, thus motivating research aimed at increasing understanding of existing electrocatalysts and driving demand for the development of improved electrocatalysts for the ORR. The first section focuses on laccase, a multicopper oxidase that catalyzes the four-electron reduction of oxygen to water. Upon adsorption to an electrode surface, laccase is known to reduce oxygen at overpotentials lower than the best noble metal electrocatalysts usually employed. Whereas the electrocatalytic activity of laccase is well established on carbon electrodes, laccase does not typically adsorb to better defined noble metal surfaces in an orientation that allows for efficient electrocatalysis. In this work, anthracene-2-methanethiol (AMT) was employed to modify the surface of Au electrodes and the electrocatalytic activity of adsorbed laccase was examined. AMT facilitated the adsorption of laccase, and the onset of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction was observed as high as 1.13 VRHE. Linear Tafel behavior was observed with a 144 mV/dec slope, consistent with an outer-sphere single-electron transfer from the electrode to a Cu site in the enzyme as the rate-determining step of the oxygen reduction mechanism. Inspired by the multicopper active site of laccase, the second section focuses on the precipitation of an insoluble complex of copper(II) with 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole onto a carbon black support that leads to the formation of an efficient catalyst for the ORR referred to as CuDAT. The oxygen-reduction activity is reported over a wide pH range from 1 to 13 and the onset of the ORR occurs at potentials as high as 0.860́9VRHE, making CuDAT the most active synthetic copper-based electrocatalyst for the ORR reported to date. For the first time, ex situ magnetic susceptibility measurements were used to demonstrate the presence of multicopper sites on the electrode. The final section addresses the question of whether or not the active sites for the ORR in electrocatalysts based on carbon-supported transition-metal complexes are metal-centered as this has become controversial, especially for heat-treated materials. Some have proposed that the transition metal only serves to form highly active sites based on nitrogen and carbon. Here, we examine the oxygen reduction activity of carbon-supported iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) before and after pyrolysis at 800 °C and CuDAT in the presence of several anions and small-molecule poisons, including fluoride, azide, thiocyanate, ethanethiol, and cyanide. CuDAT is poisoned in a manner consistent with a copper-based active site. Although FePc and pyrolyzed FePc are remarkably resilient to most poisons they are poisoned by cyanide indicative of iron-based active sites.
Book Synopsis Novel Non-Precious Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Electrode Reactions by : Hui Yang
Download or read book Novel Non-Precious Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Electrode Reactions written by Hui Yang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on alternative energy harvesting technologies, conversion and storage systems with high efficiency, cost-effective and environmentally friendly systems, such as fuel cells, rechargeable metal-air batteries, unitized regenerative cells, and water electrolyzers has been stimulated by the global demand on energy. The conversion between oxygen and water plays a key step in the development of oxygen electrodes: oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), processes activated mostly by precious metals, like platinum. Their scarcity, their prohibitive cost, and declining activity greatly hamper large-scale applications. This issue reports on novel non-precious metal electrocatalysts based on the innovative design in chemical compositions, structure, and morphology, and supports for the oxygen reaction.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Anodic Oxygen-transfer Electrocatalysis at Pure and Modified Lead Dioxide Electrodes in Acidic Media by : In-Hyeong Yeo
Download or read book Anodic Oxygen-transfer Electrocatalysis at Pure and Modified Lead Dioxide Electrodes in Acidic Media written by In-Hyeong Yeo and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: