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Author : Lothar H. Ruhnke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Electrification Processes in Warm Rain Clouds written by Lothar H. Ruhnke and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lothar H. Ruhnke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (166 download)
Download or read book Electrification Processes in Warm Rain Clouds written by Lothar H. Ruhnke and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of electrical charges on raindrops from non-thunderstorm clouds is investigated. Measurements of raindrop charges, precipitation currents and space charges made in various parts of the world indicate that on the average positive charges prevail on raindrops. To explain rain charges, a well known hypothesis requires the melting of snow. In Hawaii, however, rain often forms by condensation and coalescence without ice or snow in the upper portions of the cloud. Yet raindrop charges do not differ from charges measured in other types of rain. Measurements of charges on Hawaiian rain are discussed together with observations of electrical field and condensation nuclei profiles. It was found that positive charges are of the order of 10−4 esu. A correlation of these charges with wind speed was found. Electric fields in rain clouds are generally positive except at the lower cloud boundary where negative fields of up to -1000 V/m exist. Several thunderstorm theories are discussed and their applicability to the warm mechanism is examined. A new hypothesis is necessary to explain the observed electrical features of warm rain. A theory based on influence is presented and formulated. Due to low electrical conductivity inside the cloud, positive space charges form in the upper part of the cloud and negative in the lower, influenced by an impressed conduction current from above the cloud. These space charges diffuse to the raindrops. Considering a coalescence mechanism for drop growth, the residence time of raindrops in the negative space charge area is much smaller than the corresponding time in the positive area, and so the drops usually leave the cloud with a positive charge. Numerical solutions to drop charges and electric field profiles using a realistic cloud model were obtained through the use of digital computer techniques. The theoretical results for charges on raindrops and electric field patterns agree well with observations.
Author : Lothar H. Ruhnke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Electrification Processes in Warm Rain Clouds written by Lothar H. Ruhnke and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of electrical charges on raindrops from non-thunderstorm clouds is investigated. Measurements of raindrop charges, precipitation currents and space charges made in various parts of the world indicate that on the average positive charges prevail on raindrops. To explain rain charges, a well known hypothesis requires the melting of snow. In Hawaii, however, rain often forms by condensation and coalescence without ice or snow in the upper portions of the cloud. Yet raindrop charges do not differ from charges measured in other types of rain. Measurements of charges on Hawaiian rain are discussed together with observations of electrical field and condensation nuclei profiles. It was found that positive charges are of the order of 10−4 esu. A correlation of these charges with wind speed was found. Electric fields in rain clouds are generally positive except at the lower cloud boundary where negative fields of up to -1000 V/m exist. Several thunderstorm theories are discussed and their applicability to the warm mechanism is examined. A new hypothesis is necessary to explain the observed electrical features of warm rain. A theory based on influence is presented and formulated. Due to low electrical conductivity inside the cloud, positive space charges form in the upper part of the cloud and negative in the lower, influenced by an impressed conduction current from above the cloud. These space charges diffuse to the raindrops. Considering a coalescence mechanism for drop growth, the residence time of raindrops in the negative space charge area is much smaller than the corresponding time in the positive area, and so the drops usually leave the cloud with a positive charge. Numerical solutions to drop charges and electric field profiles using a realistic cloud model were obtained through the use of digital computer techniques. The theoretical results for charges on raindrops and electric field patterns agree well with observations.
Author : U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Environmental Science Services Administration. Research Laboratories
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (631 download)
Download or read book Electrification Process in Warm Rain Clouds written by U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Environmental Science Services Administration. Research Laboratories and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Business Service Check List written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dennis Lamb
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139500945
Total Pages : 599 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Clouds written by Dennis Lamb and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds affect our daily weather and play key roles in the global climate. Through their ability to precipitate, clouds provide virtually all of the fresh water on Earth and are a crucial link in the hydrologic cycle. With ever-increasing importance being placed on quantifiable predictions - from forecasting the local weather to anticipating climate change - we must understand how clouds operate in the real atmosphere, where interactions with natural and anthropogenic pollutants are common. This textbook provides students - whether seasoned or new to the atmospheric sciences - with a quantitative yet approachable path to learning the inner workings of clouds. Developed over many years of the authors' teaching at Pennsylvania State University, Physics and Chemistry of Clouds is an invaluable textbook for advanced students in atmospheric science, meteorology, environmental sciences/engineering and atmospheric chemistry. It is also a very useful reference text for researchers and professionals.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Publications of the ESSA Research Laboratories written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Book Catalog of the Library and Information Services Division: Shelf List catalog written by Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Book catalog of the Library and Information Services Division written by Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Superintendent of Documents
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1464 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Superintendent of Documents
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1504 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications, Cumulative Index written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book APCL. written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : W. D. Komhyr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Ozonesonde Observations, 1962-1966 written by W. D. Komhyr and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Environmental Science Services Administration
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book ESSA Technical Report ERL. written by United States. Environmental Science Services Administration and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
