Efficient Parsing For Natural Language

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Efficient Parsing for Natural Language

Author : Masaru Tomita
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475718853
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Efficient Parsing for Natural Language by : Masaru Tomita

Download or read book Efficient Parsing for Natural Language written by Masaru Tomita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parsing Efficiency is crucial when building practical natural language systems. 'Ibis is especially the case for interactive systems such as natural language database access, interfaces to expert systems and interactive machine translation. Despite its importance, parsing efficiency has received little attention in the area of natural language processing. In the areas of compiler design and theoretical computer science, on the other hand, parsing algorithms 3 have been evaluated primarily in terms of the theoretical worst case analysis (e.g. lXn», and very few practical comparisons have been made. This book introduces a context-free parsing algorithm that parses natural language more efficiently than any other existing parsing algorithms in practice. Its feasibility for use in practical systems is being proven in its application to Japanese language interface at Carnegie Group Inc., and to the continuous speech recognition project at Carnegie-Mellon University. This work was done while I was pursuing a Ph.D degree at Carnegie-Mellon University. My advisers, Herb Simon and Jaime Carbonell, deserve many thanks for their unfailing support, advice and encouragement during my graduate studies. I would like to thank Phil Hayes and Ralph Grishman for their helpful comments and criticism that in many ways improved the quality of this book. I wish also to thank Steven Brooks for insightful comments on theoretical aspects of the book (chapter 4, appendices A, B and C), and Rich Thomason for improving the linguistic part of tile book (the very beginning of section 1.1).

Generalized LR Parsing

Author : Masaru Tomita
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461540348
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Generalized LR Parsing by : Masaru Tomita

Download or read book Generalized LR Parsing written by Masaru Tomita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Generalized LR parsing algorithm (some call it "Tomita's algorithm") was originally developed in 1985 as a part of my Ph.D thesis at Carnegie Mellon University. When I was a graduate student at CMU, I tried to build a couple of natural language systems based on existing parsing methods. Their parsing speed, however, always bothered me. I sometimes wondered whether it was ever possible to build a natural language parser that could parse reasonably long sentences in a reasonable time without help from large mainframe machines. At the same time, I was always amazed by the speed of programming language compilers, because they can parse very long sentences (i.e., programs) very quickly even on workstations. There are two reasons. First, programming languages are considerably simpler than natural languages. And secondly, they have very efficient parsing methods, most notably LR. The LR parsing algorithm first precompiles a grammar into an LR parsing table, and at the actual parsing time, it performs shift-reduce parsing guided deterministically by the parsing table. So, the key to the LR efficiency is the grammar precompilation; something that had never been tried for natural languages in 1985. Of course, there was a good reason why LR had never been applied for natural languages; it was simply impossible. If your context-free grammar is sufficiently more complex than programming languages, its LR parsing table will have multiple actions, and deterministic parsing will be no longer possible.

Natural Language Parsing Systems

Author : Leonard Bolc
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642830307
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Language Parsing Systems by : Leonard Bolc

Download or read book Natural Language Parsing Systems written by Leonard Bolc and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up to now there has been no scientific publication on natural lan guage research that presents a broad and complex description of the current problems of parsing in the context of Artificial Intelli gence. However, there are many interesting results from this domain appearing mainly in numerous articles published in pro fessional journals. In view of this situation, the objective of this book is to enable scientists from different countries to present the results of their research on natural language parsing in the form of more detailed papers than would be possible in professional jour nals. This book thus provides a collection of studies written by well known scientists whose earlier publications have greatly contributed to the development of research on natural language parsing. Jaime G. Carbonell and Philip J. Hayes present in their paper "Robust Parsing Using Multiple Construction-Specific Strategies" two small experimental parsers, implemented to illustrate the advantages of a multi-strategy approach to parsers, with strategies selected according to the type of construction being parsed at any given time. This presentation is followed by the description of a parsing algorithm, integrating some of the best features of the two smaller parsers, including case-frame instantiation and partial pat tern-matching strategies.

Parsing Techniques

Author : Dick Grune
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387689540
Total Pages : 677 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (876 download)

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Book Synopsis Parsing Techniques by : Dick Grune

Download or read book Parsing Techniques written by Dick Grune and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-29 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Grune and Jacobs’ brilliant work presents new developments and discoveries that have been made in the field. Parsing, also referred to as syntax analysis, has been and continues to be an essential part of computer science and linguistics. Parsing techniques have grown considerably in importance, both in computer science, ie. advanced compilers often use general CF parsers, and computational linguistics where such parsers are the only option. They are used in a variety of software products including Web browsers, interpreters in computer devices, and data compression programs; and they are used extensively in linguistics.

New Developments in Parsing Technology

Author : H. Bunt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402022956
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis New Developments in Parsing Technology by : H. Bunt

Download or read book New Developments in Parsing Technology written by H. Bunt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-27 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parsing can be defined as the decomposition of complex structures into their constituent parts, and parsing technology as the methods, the tools, and the software to parse automatically. Parsing is a central area of research in the automatic processing of human language. Parsers are being used in many application areas, for example question answering, extraction of information from text, speech recognition and understanding, and machine translation. New developments in parsing technology are thus widely applicable. This book contains contributions from many of today's leading researchers in the area of natural language parsing technology. The contributors describe their most recent work and a diverse range of techniques and results. This collection provides an excellent picture of the current state of affairs in this area. This volume is the third in a series of such collections, and its breadth of coverage should make it suitable both as an overview of the current state of the field for graduate students, and as a reference for established researchers.

Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies

Author : H. Bunt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401594708
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies by : H. Bunt

Download or read book Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies written by H. Bunt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parsing technology is concerned with finding syntactic structure in language. In parsing we have to deal with incomplete and not necessarily accurate formal descriptions of natural languages. Robustness and efficiency are among the main issuesin parsing. Corpora can be used to obtain frequency information about language use. This allows probabilistic parsing, an approach that aims at both robustness and efficiency increase. Approximation techniques, to be applied at the level of language description, parsing strategy, and syntactic representation, have the same objective. Approximation at the level of syntactic representation is also known as underspecification, a traditional technique to deal with syntactic ambiguity. In this book new parsing technologies are collected that aim at attacking the problems of robustness and efficiency by exactly these techniques: the design of probabilistic grammars and efficient probabilistic parsing algorithms, approximation techniques applied to grammars and parsers to increase parsing efficiency, and techniques for underspecification and the integration of semantic information in the syntactic analysis to deal with massive ambiguity. The book gives a state-of-the-art overview of current research and development in parsing technologies. In its chapters we see how probabilistic methods have entered the toolbox of computational linguistics in order to be applied in both parsing theory and parsing practice. The book is both a unique reference for researchers and an introduction to the field for interested graduate students.

Inductive Dependency Parsing

Author : Joakim Nivre
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402048890
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Inductive Dependency Parsing by : Joakim Nivre

Download or read book Inductive Dependency Parsing written by Joakim Nivre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the framework of inductive dependency parsing, a methodology for robust and efficient syntactic analysis of unrestricted natural language text. Coverage includes a theoretical analysis of central models and algorithms, and an empirical evaluation of memory-based dependency parsing using data from Swedish and English. A one-stop reference to dependency-based parsing of natural language, it will interest researchers and system developers in language technology, and is suitable for graduate or advanced undergraduate courses.

An Efficient Context-free Parsing Algorithm for Natural Languages and Its Applications

Author : Masaru Tomita
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis An Efficient Context-free Parsing Algorithm for Natural Languages and Its Applications by : Masaru Tomita

Download or read book An Efficient Context-free Parsing Algorithm for Natural Languages and Its Applications written by Masaru Tomita and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics

Author : Ruslan Mitkov
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019927634X
Total Pages : 808 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics by : Ruslan Mitkov

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics written by Ruslan Mitkov and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook of computational linguistics, written for academics, graduate students and researchers, provides a state-of-the-art reference to one of the most active and productive fields in linguistics.

Recent Advances in Parsing Technology

Author : H. Bunt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 079234152X
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (923 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Parsing Technology by : H. Bunt

Download or read book Recent Advances in Parsing Technology written by H. Bunt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-08-31 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Marcus (1980), deterministic parsers were introduced. These are parsers which satisfy the conditions of Marcus's determinism hypothesis, i.e., they are strongly deterministic in the sense that they do not simulate non determinism in any way. In later work (Marcus et al. 1983) these parsers were modified to construct descriptions of trees rather than the trees them selves. The resulting D-theory parsers, by working with these descriptions, are capable of capturing a certain amount of ambiguity in the structures they build. In this context, it is not clear what it means for a parser to meet the conditions of the determinism hypothesis. The object of this work is to clarify this and other issues pertaining to D-theory parsers and to provide a framework within which these issues can be examined formally. Thus we have a very narrow scope. We make no ar guments about the linguistic issues D-theory parsers are meant to address, their relation to other parsing formalisms or the notion of determinism in general. Rather we focus on issues internal to D-theory parsers themselves.

Parsing Schemata

Author : Klaas Sikkel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642605419
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Parsing Schemata by : Klaas Sikkel

Download or read book Parsing Schemata written by Klaas Sikkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parsing, the syntactic analysis of language, has been studied extensively in computer science and computational linguistics. Computer programs and natural languages share an underlying theory of formal languages and require efficient parsing algorithms. This introduction reviews the theory of parsing from a novel perspective. It provides a formalism to capture the essential traits of a parser that abstracts from the fine detail and allows a uniform description and comparison of a variety of parsers, including Earley, Tomita, LR, Left-Corner, and Head-Corner parsers. The emphasis is on context-free phrase structure grammar and how these parsers can be extended to unification formalisms. The book combines mathematical rigor with high readability and is suitable as a graduate course text.

Coarse-to-Fine Natural Language Processing

Author : Slav Petrov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642227430
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Coarse-to-Fine Natural Language Processing by : Slav Petrov

Download or read book Coarse-to-Fine Natural Language Processing written by Slav Petrov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-03 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of computer systems that can understand natural language will be tremendous. To develop this capability we need to be able to automatically and efficiently analyze large amounts of text. Manually devised rules are not sufficient to provide coverage to handle the complex structure of natural language, necessitating systems that can automatically learn from examples. To handle the flexibility of natural language, it has become standard practice to use statistical models, which assign probabilities for example to the different meanings of a word or the plausibility of grammatical constructions. This book develops a general coarse-to-fine framework for learning and inference in large statistical models for natural language processing. Coarse-to-fine approaches exploit a sequence of models which introduce complexity gradually. At the top of the sequence is a trivial model in which learning and inference are both cheap. Each subsequent model refines the previous one, until a final, full-complexity model is reached. Applications of this framework to syntactic parsing, speech recognition and machine translation are presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach in terms of accuracy and speed. The book is intended for students and researchers interested in statistical approaches to Natural Language Processing. Slav’s work Coarse-to-Fine Natural Language Processing represents a major advance in the area of syntactic parsing, and a great advertisement for the superiority of the machine-learning approach. Eugene Charniak (Brown University)

An Efficient All-paths Parsing Algorithm for Natural Languages

Author : Masaru Tomita
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis An Efficient All-paths Parsing Algorithm for Natural Languages by : Masaru Tomita

Download or read book An Efficient All-paths Parsing Algorithm for Natural Languages written by Masaru Tomita and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Inductive Dependency Parsing

Author : Joakim Nivre
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781402048883
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (488 download)

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Book Synopsis Inductive Dependency Parsing by : Joakim Nivre

Download or read book Inductive Dependency Parsing written by Joakim Nivre and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-06-28 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the framework of inductive dependency parsing, a methodology for robust and efficient syntactic analysis of unrestricted natural language text. Coverage includes a theoretical analysis of central models and algorithms, and an empirical evaluation of memory-based dependency parsing using data from Swedish and English. A one-stop reference to dependency-based parsing of natural language, it will interest researchers and system developers in language technology, and is suitable for graduate or advanced undergraduate courses.

The Functional Treatment of Parsing

Author : René Leermakers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461531861
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis The Functional Treatment of Parsing by : René Leermakers

Download or read book The Functional Treatment of Parsing written by René Leermakers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parsing technology traditionally consists of two branches, which correspond to the two main application areas of context-free grammars and their generalizations. Efficient deterministic parsing algorithms have been developed for parsing programming languages, and quite different algorithms are employed for analyzing natural language. The Functional Treatment of Parsing provides a functional framework within which the different traditional techniques are restated and unified. The resulting theory provides new recursive implementations of parsers for context-free grammars. The new implementations, called recursive ascent parsers, avoid explicit manipulation of parse stacks and parse matrices, and are in many ways superior to conventional implementations. They are applicable to grammars for programming languages as well as natural languages. The book has been written primarily for students and practitioners of parsing technology. With its emphasis on modern functional methods, however, the book will also be of benefit to scientists interested in functional programming. The Functional Treatment of Parsing is an excellent reference and can be used as a text for a course on the subject.

Natural Language Processing with Python

Author : Steven Bird
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN 13 : 0596555717
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (965 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Language Processing with Python by : Steven Bird

Download or read book Natural Language Processing with Python written by Steven Bird and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a highly accessible introduction to natural language processing, the field that supports a variety of language technologies, from predictive text and email filtering to automatic summarization and translation. With it, you'll learn how to write Python programs that work with large collections of unstructured text. You'll access richly annotated datasets using a comprehensive range of linguistic data structures, and you'll understand the main algorithms for analyzing the content and structure of written communication. Packed with examples and exercises, Natural Language Processing with Python will help you: Extract information from unstructured text, either to guess the topic or identify "named entities" Analyze linguistic structure in text, including parsing and semantic analysis Access popular linguistic databases, including WordNet and treebanks Integrate techniques drawn from fields as diverse as linguistics and artificial intelligence This book will help you gain practical skills in natural language processing using the Python programming language and the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) open source library. If you're interested in developing web applications, analyzing multilingual news sources, or documenting endangered languages -- or if you're simply curious to have a programmer's perspective on how human language works -- you'll find Natural Language Processing with Python both fascinating and immensely useful.

Trends in Parsing Technology

Author : Harry Bunt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048193524
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Trends in Parsing Technology by : Harry Bunt

Download or read book Trends in Parsing Technology written by Harry Bunt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer parsing technology, which breaks down complex linguistic structures into their constituent parts, is a key research area in the automatic processing of human language. This volume is a collection of contributions from leading researchers in the field of natural language processing technology, each of whom detail their recent work which includes new techniques as well as results. The book presents an overview of the state of the art in current research into parsing technologies, focusing on three important themes: dependency parsing, domain adaptation, and deep parsing. The technology, which has a variety of practical uses, is especially concerned with the methods, tools and software that can be used to parse automatically. Applications include extracting information from free text or speech, question answering, speech recognition and comprehension, recommender systems, machine translation, and automatic summarization. New developments in the area of parsing technology are thus widely applicable, and researchers and professionals from a number of fields will find the material here required reading. As well as the other four volumes on parsing technology in this series this book has a breadth of coverage that makes it suitable both as an overview of the field for graduate students, and as a reference for established researchers in computational linguistics, artificial intelligence, computer science, language engineering, information science, and cognitive science. It will also be of interest to designers, developers, and advanced users of natural language processing systems, including applications such as spoken dialogue, text mining, multimodal human-computer interaction, and semantic web technology.