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Effects Of Temperature And Pressure On The Glass Transitions Of Plastic Bonded Explosives
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Book Synopsis Effects of Temperature and Pressure on the Glass Transitions of Plastic Bonded Explosives by :
Download or read book Effects of Temperature and Pressure on the Glass Transitions of Plastic Bonded Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) contain about 5-wt% polymer, plasticizer, and stabilizer as binder. The glass-transition temperature (T{sub g}) determines, in part, if the binder will reduce or increase the sensitivity of the PBX to impact. A soft binder reduces the impact sensitivity; however, too soft a binder compromises the mechanical strength below that desirable for dimensional stability. Glass transitions were measured by temperature modulated DSC for PBXs before and after pressing. Pressing temperature was 90 C. The T{sub g} of Estane, a polyester/polyurethane used in some PBX binders, was investigated. Only small changes were observed in the low temperature T{sub g} of the soft segments but larger changes were seen in the higher temperature transitions due to the relaxation of the hard segments. The T{sub g} of Kel F 800, a binder used in insensitive PBX 9502, was observed near ambient temperature. The PBX 9502 had a lower T{sub g} than the neat polymer. Mechanical strength will be measured for the samples.
Book Synopsis Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Aging on the Polymer Transitions of Plastic Bonded Explosives by :
Download or read book Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Aging on the Polymer Transitions of Plastic Bonded Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 by : Blaine Asay
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Book Synopsis Metastable Systems under Pressure by : Sylwester Rzoska
Download or read book Metastable Systems under Pressure written by Sylwester Rzoska and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: recently discovered advantages of amorphous forms of medicines/pharmaceutical products which focused a significant part of industry-related efforts on the GFA (Glass Forming Ability) and the glass temperature (T) versus pressure g dependences. 1 b ? 0 ? ? o ? P ? Pg P ? Pg 0 ? ? ? ? T (P ) = F (P )D (P ) =T 1 + exp ? g g ? 0 ? ? ? ? c + Pg ? ? ? ? 400 1 b 0 o ? ? ? ? P ? P P ? P g g 0 ? ? ? ? T (P ) = F (P )D (P ) =T 1 + exp ? g g 0 ? ? ? ? c ? + P max g ? ? ? ? T ~7 GPa g max P ~ 304 K Liquid g 300 1 HS glass 0 200 -1 mSG ?=0. 044 Liquid -2 100 -3 glass ?=0. 12 -1. 2 -0. 9 -0. 6 -0. 3 0. 0 log T 10 scaled -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 P (GPa) g 19 Figure 1. T he pressure evolution of the glass temperature in gl Th ye s cerol ol . id curve shows the parameterization of experimental data via the novel, modifie d Glat Sizm elon type equation, given in the Figure.
Book Synopsis Energetic Materials Research, Applications, and New Technologies by : Goncalves, Rene Francisco Boschi
Download or read book Energetic Materials Research, Applications, and New Technologies written by Goncalves, Rene Francisco Boschi and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2017-12-29 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, there has been an influx in the development of new technologies for deep space exploration. Countries all around the world are investing in resources to create advanced energetic materials and propulsion systems for their aerospace initiatives. Energetic Materials Research, Applications, and New Technologies is an essential reference source of the latest research in aerospace engineering and its application in space exploration. Featuring comprehensive coverage across a range of related topics, such as molecular dynamics, rocket engine models, propellants and explosives, and quantum chemistry calculations, this book is an ideal reference source for academicians, researchers, advanced-level students, and technology developers seeking innovative research in aerospace engineering.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author :Stepan S. Batsanov Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9780387941233 Total Pages :206 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (412 download)
Book Synopsis Effects of Explosions on Materials by : Stepan S. Batsanov
Download or read book Effects of Explosions on Materials written by Stepan S. Batsanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-03-18 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of explosives to generate ultrahigh pressures and thereby modify the structure and properties of condensed matter began in the 1950s and has since then become an important area of science. This book discusses the physical principles and experimental techniques of shock compression as applied to problems of inorganic chemistry and materials science. It begins with the fundamental physics of shock waves, the dynamic compressibility of solids, and physical and chemical transformations that may be produced by a shock. The second chapter turns to the experimental conditions for measurements and the preparation of ampoules. Subsequent chapters discuss: microstructural changes, such as fragmentation, shock hardening, and shock compaction; phase transformations in graphite, oxides, metals, and other materials; and chemical transformations, including mass transfer, decomposition, and diamond synthesis.
Book Synopsis Effect of Simple Stress on the Glass Transition of Polymers at High Pressure by :
Download or read book Effect of Simple Stress on the Glass Transition of Polymers at High Pressure written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental studies showed the yield strength in tension, compression, and shear in the rubbery and the glassy states increased with increasing hydrostatic pressure. Moreover, the Young's modulus also increased with pressure and the amount of the increase across the glass transition temperature (T sub g) at a given pressure can be as large as three orders of magnitude in case of elastomers. An extension of Gibbs-Dimarzio theory is proposed to account for the effect of applied stress on the glass transition temperature of glass forming polymers. When a simple stress, such as tensile, compressive or shear stress, is applied to a polymer, the T sub g will decrease, compared to the polymer without applied stress. A glass forming polymer in the vicinity of the transition would behave differently than what than what is predicted by rubber elasticity. The Young's modulus increases with increasing pressure range but the increase is rather small at very high pressure range.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1 by : Bo Song
Download or read book Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1 written by Bo Song and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1: Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the first volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers on: General Dynamic Material Properties Novel Dynamic Testing Techniques Dynamic Fracture and Failure Novel Testing Techniques Dynamic Behavior of Geo-materials Dynamic Behavior of Biological and Biomimetic Materials Dynamic Behavior of Composites and Multifunctional Materials Dynamic Behavior of Low-Impedance materials Multi-scale Modeling of Dynamic Behavior of Materials Quantitative Visualization of Dynamic Behavior of Materials Shock/Blast Loading of Materials
Book Synopsis Technical Abstract Bulletin by : Defense Documentation Center (U.S.)
Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by Defense Documentation Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--1999 by : Michael D. Furnish
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--1999 written by Michael D. Furnish and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2001 by : Michael D. Furnish
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2001 written by Michael D. Furnish and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2002 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 336 papers discusses recent research on the response of inert and energetic materials to high-pressure environments produced by rapid loading phenomena. This includes theoretical, computational (modeling/simulation) and experimental studies of inert and energetic materials, as well as ballistic and material synthesis studies and advances in experimental techniques. All papers have been peer-reviewed.
Download or read book וזאת ליהודה written by and published by . This book was released on 17?? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computational Science – ICCS 2009 by : Gabrielle Allen
Download or read book Computational Science – ICCS 2009 written by Gabrielle Allen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-05-21 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture out of such a tri?ing investment of fact. ” Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi The challenges in succeeding with computational science are numerous and deeply a?ect all disciplines. NSF’s 2006 Blue Ribbon Panel of Simulation-Based 1 Engineering Science (SBES) states ‘researchers and educators [agree]: com- tational and simulation engineering sciences are fundamental to the security and welfare of the United States. . . We must overcome di?culties inherent in multiscale modeling, the development of next-generation algorithms, and the design. . . of dynamic data-driven application systems. . . We must determine better ways to integrate data-intensive computing, visualization, and simulation. - portantly,wemustoverhauloureducationalsystemtofostertheinterdisciplinary study. . . The payo?sformeeting these challengesareprofound. ’The International Conference on Computational Science 2009 (ICCS 2009) explored how com- tational sciences are not only advancing the traditional hard science disciplines, but also stretching beyond, with applications in the arts, humanities, media and all aspects of research. This interdisciplinary conference drew academic and industry leaders from a variety of ?elds, including physics, astronomy, mat- matics,music,digitalmedia,biologyandengineering. Theconferencealsohosted computer and computational scientists who are designing and building the - ber infrastructure necessary for next-generation computing. Discussions focused on innovative ways to collaborate and how computational science is changing the future of research. ICCS 2009: ‘Compute. Discover. Innovate. ’ was hosted by the Center for Computation and Technology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.
Book Synopsis The Relationships Between Polymers and Glass Transition Temperatures by : O. G. Lewis
Download or read book The Relationships Between Polymers and Glass Transition Temperatures written by O. G. Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, it has been found that interdependence of the rotations of neighboring bonds is of primary importance to the physical behavior of polymers. Mathematical methods for handling interdependent rotations were developed by Lifson and others for the calculation of characteristic polymer dimensions. The Gibbs-DiMarzio theory of the glass transition in polymers is formulated in such a way that interdependent rotations may be taken into account. Using an empirically estimated value of 0.025 for the free volume fraction at the transition temperature, the Gibbs-DiMarzio theory was fitted to empirically estimated transition temperatures for the n-alkanes, hexane to eicosane. A good fit was obtained with E sub 1 = 768 cal/mole for the energy difference between trans and gauche states, and gauche rotations of opposite sign excluded.
Book Synopsis A Parametric Pressing Study Using a Plastic-bonded Explosive by :
Download or read book A Parametric Pressing Study Using a Plastic-bonded Explosive written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pressed plastic-bonded explosives, PBXs, are commonly used by defense and private industry. PBX 9501 is composed of HMX crystals held together with a plastic binder 'softened' with plasticizers. The detonation behavior of any explosive is very dependent upon its density, with the desire to have a uniform, high density throughout the explosive component. A parametric study has been performed pressing PBX 9501 hydrostatically and uniaxially. The effects of several pressing parameters on the bulk density and density profile, as well as mechanical properties, have been measured. The parameters investigated include pressure, temperature, number of cycles, dwell time, rest time, sack thickness, and particle distribution and size. Density distributions within the pressed explosives were also compared.
Book Synopsis Effects of Binder Concentration on the Properties of Plastic-bonded Explosives by :
Download or read book Effects of Binder Concentration on the Properties of Plastic-bonded Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) has been formulated with more binder than is normally contained in high-energy formulations. Adding a relatively small amount of binder to a material such as PBX 9501 (95/2.5/1.25/1.25 wt % HMX/Estane/BDNPA/BDNPF (the BDNPA and BDNPF form a eutectic that is frequently called simply the eutectic)) was found to decrease the shock sensitivity while not decreasing the energy of the explosive. The best compromise for a PBX 9501-type material contains about 92 wt % HMX. Adding additional binder does not continue to decrease the gap sensitivity of the formulation; however, the energy of the PBX decreases as expected. The higher-binder formulations are of potential use because of the possibility of formulating a PBX with energy similar to TATB formulations, such as PBX 9502 (95/5 wt % TATB/Kel-F 800), and with a higher strain to failure. 2 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
